形容词副词的比较级和最高级及用法.doc

形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化如下: 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级) 2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 nice (原级) nicer(比较级) nicest(最高级) 3)少数以-ow, -ple结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 narrow (原级) narrower(比较级)narrowest(最高级)simple (原级) simpler(比较级) simplest(最高级)4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级) 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。 big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级) 6) 以 ing/ -ed结尾, 比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。boring (原级) more boring (比较级) most boring (最高级)interested (原级) more interested (比较级) most interested (比较级) 7) 以两个辅音结尾的形容词，比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。strict (原级) more strict (比较级) most strict (最高级)8) 其他双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。 beautiful (原级) more beautiful (比较级) most beautiful (比较级) 副 词 的 比 较 等 级: 副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. 可以参考形容词的变换形式。但以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词（除 early ）须用 more 和 most 。 hard harder hardest fast faster fastest early earlier earliest warmly more warmly most warmly 常用的不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级: 原级 比较级 最高级 good/wellbetter best many more most much more most little less least bad/badly worseworst far farther farthestfurther furthest（far有两种比较级和最高级形式farther/farthest多指距离上远近，further/furthest 多指程度上远近）old older oldestold elder eldest（old 有两种比较级和最高级形式elder/eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。）my elder brother is an engineer. 我的哥哥是个工程师。mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 玛利是三个姐妹中最大的。latelater晚些的)latest最晚的，近期的）latelatter（后者的）last （最后的）i will see you later. 一会儿见。his latest book is selling very well.他最近的新书十分畅销。if offered red or white, i would choose the latter wine. 如果有人问我要白酒还是红酒，我选择后者。that is the last time i invite him to dinner. 那是最后一次我请他吃饭。比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as )the train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.he has not as much money as his friend.不及not as(so) 原形 as (not asso +名词+原形 as )she is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than health is more important than wealth.超越the +比较级+of the two两者中较的一个he is the taller of the two.用于否定no +比较级+than 和一样不he is no richer than i.他和我一样不富有。用于否定最不过his work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越)higher and higher more and more important 两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the+比较级（越，越）the quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（之中最）of all things in the world, people are the precious.比较级结构的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.john is almost as tall as you.the river is three times as long as that one.we have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比较级前many, a few (用于more +可数名词前) it takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.its cold this year, but its even colder last year.we produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于形容词和最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/secondthis hat is by far the largest in the world.gold is the very most valuable of all materials .形容词作用与位置1定语。在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。县官行令杀国才。这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词物主代词、指示代词数词等）观（描绘）形（大小、形状等）龄（年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）an interesting english film a heavy black chinese silk umbrella做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。2表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。常见系动词有：be 变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go保持系词： keep ,remain, stay感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。he went to bed , cold and hungry. 4.做宾补。n：某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语well, ill faint某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。复合形容词的形式问题。an 800-meter-wide river an english-speaking country a middle-aged man副词位置1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。they went boating in zhongshan park yesterday.2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之后。he is always telling lies,so i will never believe him.3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough除外）he is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.n:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义