BEC学习笔记.doc

org. culture1. 四种企业文化:一是硬汉型文化(tough-guy macho culture),反馈快,危害大;二是苦干型文化(work-hard/play-hard culture),反馈快,危害低;三是出差型文化(process culture),反馈慢,风险低；四是赌注型文化 bet your company culture反馈和回报速度慢，风险低。2. canteen culture: 极端保守右派英国底层警察愤世嫉俗的文化3. long-hours culture：where people are expected to work for a long time each day4. 竞争和合作并不是绝对的矛盾不可兼容的（they are not rivals, can co-exist），我主张企业内部协作/合作，与外部企业竞争为主，合作为辅（比如企业协会/行业协会的成立，团结起来，在国际市场上进行竞争， 企业之间不团结的结果，比如宝钢与其他钢企与力拓，必和必拓的谈判），才是王道；企业内部的竞争，可能会导致人性关怀的缺失，比如某些企业所谓的考核淘汰制，会导致企业人员的流失，员工间的不信任，甚至互相排挤，又怎么能够建设一支团结的队伍，与市场上的其他对手进行竞争。企业内部协作会形成明确的分工，效率更高，而一个高效融洽的团队氛围会增加团队的凝聚力和战斗力，心情愉悦了才能好好工作。同时可以增强员工的归属感，利于企业留住人才。如何灵活适度的运用竞争和合作的关系是一门艺术，它决定了一个企业的发展前景。竞争太过激烈，也许就会导致市场秩序混乱chaos，很多人或企业会铤而走险，对整个社会造成较大的危害。很多企业为生存，削减成本，不惜以消费者生命健康为代价，奶粉，农夫山泉。地沟油，假羊肉，假牛肉，假鸡蛋等等。而现在很多的企业在recruitment ad里，都会要求applier是一个team player， 不是个人achievements， 而是contribute more to the teams great achievement.5. im working for (firm name), i work on (work discipline/ department). i run/in charge of this dept and manage a team of designers: 20 people work under me.im responsible for the coordination between. and . i deal with a lot of different orgs in my work and work closely with project manager.6. at work 上班，出勤 off work：缺勤，不上班 in work: 就业 out of work: 不工作，无工作 7. sb works full/part time ; temporary/permanent job8. what sort of job would u like to do? what routine would u like to have?9. i leave for work at 8 am every morning.10. office worker 白领，its a nine to five job with regular working hours. its not very interesting, but i like to be able to go home at a reasonable time.11. clock in and clock out/ clock on and clock off: 打卡上下班12. i work in shifts: 我跟别人倒班 night/day shift. i may be on the day shift one week and the night shift the next week13. commuter kmju:t 1. a passenger train that is ridden primarily by passengers who travel regularly from one place to another2. someone who travels regularly from home in a suburb to work in a city. 通勤者i commute to work every day, like thousands of other commuters.14. i dont like repetitive job/ doing the same thing again and again. 15. nature of work:工作性质my work involves solving problems/ travelling a lot/ dealing with customers/ human contact/ a lot of team work.16. headhunter:猎头 eg: headhunters may be called on to headhunt people for very important jobs, persuading them to leave the organization they are working for. this process is called headhunting.eg: this job is very critical, i think we need headhunt someone.17. be fed up with travelling a lot: 厌烦了/烦透了大量的出差18. a covering letter shall explain/tell why you want this job and why you are the right person for it.19. after the surveillance, we shortlist(选择，选取) 2 or 3 suppliers as standby options. 20. turn down an job offer:拒掉工作机会21. referee：一般求职信里的工作推荐人/介绍人22. offer a job to sb: 给某人工作机会/offer， 你可以turn it down or accept it. 23. backgrounds of the applicants24. recruits: 雇员，新成员25. i graduated from aufe in english major in 2009.26. in-house training: 公司内部培训27. 关于新毕业的学生只有paper qualification, lack of work experience and dont know how business works. 驳斥：education is to teach people how to think and act, not prepare them for a particular job. we could let em know business operation via in-house training. all of us was starting same like them, rookie with no experience. they got potential and loyalty to the company.28. sb is good with figures/people/computers: 擅长数字处理/与人相处/与电脑打交道29. 学校里面接受的是education，而在社会中，工作以后获得技能的途径和方式叫做training30. methodical, systematic and well organized: 做事有条理性，井井有条31. get paid every month: 拿月薪 working overtime： 加班 perks: 额外津贴，小费32. i love my job, even if i dont earn much. 我喜欢我的工作，尽管我挣得不多。33. minimum wage allowed by the law: 法律规定的最低工资标准34. tips:小费35. i am a salesman based in paris, i get a basic salary, plus commission(提成): 1 percentage on everything i sell. if i sell more than a particular amount in a year, i also get extra money-a bonus(奖金), which is nice.36. fringe benefit: 额外福利， 小额福利：比如说公司给你配车：give u a company car and make payments for your pension,(付养老金)all that makes a good benefits package.37. compensation/remuneration package(企业中高管的报酬):包括像share/ stock option 股权激励： the right to buy the companys share at low prices.performance related bonuses:绩效奖金 38. severance pay: 解雇费，遣散费，补偿金39. salary: 指比较固定的定期报酬，月薪；wage: 工资，金额较低，从业人员水平也较低，比如waitor; benefits: 指公司额外的的福利 bonus:只实现一定目标后的奖金tips:小费（还有建议的意思）40. compensation 还可以作为补偿金来讲41. fat cats，带贬义， 指公司里身居高位，拿着比较高的compensation/remuneration package， 却并不干实事的一班人42. payroll 工资单 43. the management：管理层44. head office：总经理办公室 部门经理也有可能会有自己的individual office：个人办公室45. 普通员工(比如administrative staff, commercial support staff 和technical support staff)工作的大厅叫：open-plan offices46. 工会：ame叫做labor union / bre叫做trade union. function is to defend the interests of labors47. strike罢工 stoppage/walk-out 同上48. go-slow:消极怠工 overtime ban:拒绝加班49. hr dept=personnel dept.50. promoted: 升职 demoted: 降职51. resign 辞职, quit office/hand in ones resignation or notice52. the company has downsized and delayered. 该公司已经裁减人数/缩小规模并精简层级。delayer: vt. 延缓，延时delayering:（名词） 机构扁平化，并减少层级。一般跟downsizing一起出现53. the company has reorganized and restructured in order to become flatter(with fewer layers of management levels) and leaner(with fewer, more productive employees). they did this to reduce the cost, increase efficiency and profits.54. the company has outsourced many jobs previously done by in-house personnel.该公司将很多原来由内部员工承担的工作进行了分包。55. freelancers/freelances: independent people who may works for different companies自由职业者56. performance reviews: 绩效考评会57. u r dismissed/fired/sacked/terminated, 被解雇，usually because u r doing sth wrong.58. u r laid off/made redundant/offered an early retirement, usually when you dont do anything wrong. 辞退，清退，裁员（比解雇情节要轻一些）。这种情况下，employer 一般都会提前给你通知（outplacement advice）建议你另找一份工作。59. work your way up the career ladder=get promotedhe works his way up from worker to factory manager career paths: 职业道路60. we used to do painting in-house, but now we outsourced it and we can concentrate on our main business. 我们以前是自己做油漆，但现在我们分包了，这样我们可以集中精力经营我们的主要业务。61. senior people：公司老员工62. conduct periodic performance reviews: (实行定期绩效评估/考核(是把双刃剑，可提升员工积极性，但不利于员工产生归属性，会导致很多的隐患)63. would u prefer a job for life or a more flexible career?64. passive smoking: 被动吸烟，吸二手烟65. rational 合理的，rationalization 合理化66. hazardous substances: 危险物质，有害物质 dangerous machinery：危险设备67. fire hazards: 注意防火 fire precautions: 防火措施68. sexual harassment:性骚扰69. sex/racial discrimination/racism/racist70. 为了eliminate 上述问题，很多company 都有一个dignity at work policy(职场尊严之规定)/ code of conduct 来约束员工的行为。71. break through：突破，突围72. ceo之后是director（head of his own dept.）之后才是manager之后是line manager：基层管理者，生产线管理者，比如车间主任；在之后是foreman：组长，班长，工头73. executive director: 执行董事，常务董事74. vp（vice president of marketing/hr）: 副总 in us, senior managers in charge of particular areas are often called vps.75. 公司的board（董事会）是由所有的senior executives 组成的，他们开会的地方就被叫做boardroom76. 一个公司的president和ceo常常是combination，由同一个人担任77. coo:首席运营官 chief operating officer: a senior manager who is in charge of the day-to-day running of the company. 78. accounts dept. 会计部 to collect due payment79. business leaders 常被媒体，eg journalists/press/media称为 magnates, moguls or tycoons， or captain of industry80. start-ups:创业公司，新兴公司81. business empire：商业帝国82. i think i have the leadership skills to lead and inspire a large organization.83. concern: 除了表示有关，关心之外，还有如下意思a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it，也就是传说中的康采恩84. big business：大企业集团 sme/small and medium enterprise（有risk taking的nature）:中小企业85. 在us， 大型的company often called corporation; 它的adj为corporate，常用的combination phrases as follow：culture，-ladder企业晋升制度eg： climb the -ladder，-image，-profit86. commerce：商务，商事 us dept. of commerce商务部 chamber of commerce:商会electronic commerce/ e-commerce:电子商务（page1-33）87. free/ private enterprise: 私营企业88. enterprise zone: 政府为鼓励投资设立的企业特区，特区内实行较低的tax，less limitation， less bureaucracy来吸引企业入驻。89. ltd.: limited liability company/ plc. public liability company (anybody can buy or sell the shares of the company on the stock market)/ inc. stands for incorporate. partnership: 合伙人制 比如像律师，会计，设计师等专业人士常常几个人合伙一起经营公司，这种方式属于partnership。90. demutualization: 股份制， 股份化 mutuallization: 相互化 一般life insurance company 都是mutual的，你向它买保险，那么就成了它的一个member，所以是mutual的。91. non-profit org.:非营利性组织 also called charities 慈善组织。 fund-raising:筹集善款 donate：捐增92. sole trader/sole proprietor/freelancer/self employed:个体户, 私营业主，自由职业者 self-employment 自营93. voluntary sector employees earn five to ten percent less than they would in the private sector. 志愿服务行业的工作者比他们在私营行业中工作要少赚5-10%。94. mkt research 市场调研， 一般的approaches有 questionnaires or surveyssales forecast: 销售预示 consumer panels: 消费者反映研究小组95. industrialize：动词96. growth industry：成长型产业，迅速发展的行业97. property/real estate: 房地产，不动产行业 leisure：休闲行业 cartering：餐饮服务业financial service: 金融服务业 retail：零售业 healthcare：健康服务业，医疗业 tourism：旅游业 telecommunication：电信业 textile：纺织 defense：国防业 pharmaceutical：制药业 shipbuilding：造船业（以上单词后面要加上industry）98. mobile phone mast: 移动通信信号塔架99. repay the loan 还贷 100. emerging industry：新兴行业101. development and launch: 开发与发布/发行102. researcher：研究人员103. scale：规模，范围，比例 large：大规模的（企业等）104. understand contract in technical & commercial aspects 105. product rollout: 试发行/试运行（以检测效果）106. product launch：产品(正式)发布107. if a design defect or design default is found after it has been launched, the company may have to recall（召回） it. correct the defects: 改进以消除缺陷。108. prototype：原型，模型，标准109. commercial research with focus groups 针对目标消费人群的商务研究/商业调研110. innovate：创新 invent：发明111. breakthroughs: 突破112. use scientific knowledge for practical purpose: 学以致用，将所学的科学知识运用到实践当中113. we are at the cutting edge or leading edge of semiconductor technology: 我们处于/引领半导体行业的技术前沿/行业翘楚。（公司介绍时可以加入）114. none of our competitors has better products than us. 产品质量同行业内绝对领先115. patents & intellectual property: 专利和知识产权116. copy the design 抄袭117. copyright： 版权 royalties：版税，稿酬（publisher付给author的）118. proprietary: 所有权 licensing agre