新初三暑假语法讲义——第十四讲 主谓一致 倒装句.doc

第十四讲 主谓一致 倒装句 中考要求内容基本要求略高要求较高要求主谓一致&倒装句一、倒装句和主谓一致的讲解。二、句型中需要注意的问题。语法考点考点梳理主谓一致语法一致原则主谓在语法上的一致即指谓语动词与主语的单复数形式上保持一致。若句子中主语插入部分，谓语动词与主语保持一致。主语+ with/as well as/ without/ including/ besides/ except/ not/ together with 作插入语时，谓语动词要与主语一致 而与插入部分无关。all the students, including miss chen, are going to the party.1.each 用作代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。each of the children has an orange.2.every, each, one, another, little, a little, much 加单数名词构成句子，谓语动词要用单数形式；both, few, a few, many 加复数名词构成的句子，谓语动词要用复数形式。each boy has an apple.both girls are beauty.3.neither+复数名词，或 neither of +复数名词 在句子中作主语时，谓语用单数。neither answers is right.neither of the twins likes bread.4.动词ing 形式、动词不定式或从句在句中作主语时，谓语用单数。to do much more difficult than to say.意义一致原则主语和谓语在意义上的一致指根据句子意思主语的人称和数应是单数还是复数，从而谓语动词应与其保持一致。1.若一个句子的主语是单数，则谓语用单数。she comes here once a week.2.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数；以s 结尾的名词，如 news, works, maths, plastics 及以 ics 结尾的学科名称名词 physics, politics等作主语时，谓语也用单数。i dont the news in the newspaper is true.three years has passed quickly.3.people 一词在表示人 的意思时总是表示复数，没有单数。look! 3 people are standing under the tree.4.everyone, everybody, nobody, somebody, anything, nothing, something 等 不定代词作主语，谓语用单数。everything begins to grow fast in spring.5.一些词如 lots of, plenty of, a lot of 加不可数名词，谓语用单数；a great deal of , a large amount of 只能加不可数名词，谓语用单数。 a lot of money has spent for the clothes.a lot of students are going to the part.6.修饰语 more than one + 单数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式。more than one year has passed. 就近原则即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。1.there be 结构：当there be + 单数名词时，谓语动词be为单数形式；当there be + 复数形式，谓语用复数。there is a pen and two apples on the desk.there are two apples and one pen on the desk.2.当主语出现 or, either or., neither nor, not only but also 时，谓语动词要根据就近原则与离谓语最近的主语保持一致。neither you nor i am a student now.not only they but also i like the suit.one or two days are more than enough.考点梳理倒装句 英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。倒装句分为：一、部分倒装就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列几种情况：(一). only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用： only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他only when he told me the news did i know what had happened.only in this way can you make progress in your english.注意：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装。1.only in this way _to make improvement in the operating system. a. you can hope b. you did hope c. can you hope d. did you hope(二).含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。如：never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until, no sooner (than), hardly (when), rarely, scarcely, in no way等。we seldom get up at four in the morning.= seldom do we get up at four in the morning.not a single word from him could the enemy drag.rarely have i heard of such a silly thing.(1)hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; no soonerthan 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when did 或用倒装句式hardly had + 主语+ done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。the bell hardly had rung when the class began.= hardly had the bell rung when the class began.no sooner had he arrived in beijing than he began to work.(2)not only but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时， 前面的句子要用倒装。not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his german citizenship.not only is he busy, but also i have a lot of work to do.not only does he speak english very well, but also he speaks french well.2i finally got the work i dreamed about. never in all my life_ so happy! a. did i feel b. i felt c. i had felt d. had i felt3not until i began to work _how much time i had wasted. a. didnt i realize b. did i realize c. i didnt realize d. i realized 4no sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.a. the game began b.has the game begunc. did the game begin d.had the game begun(三).在sothat, suchthat句型中，若把so, such引导的结构放在句首时。so frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.5so difficult _it to live in an english-speaking country that i was determined to learn english well. a. ive felt b have i felt c. i did feel d. did i feel(四).省略了if的虚拟条件句中，把were, had或should放在句首时。if i were you, i would take the job. = were i you, i would take the job.6_it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to yangpu bridge.a. were b. should c. would d. will(五).把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。i like reading english, so does he. (六).把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。 if you wont go, neither will i.7.-i dont think i can walk any further. -_, lets stop here for a rest. a. neither and i b. neither can i c. i dont think so d. i think so(七)用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as (though)引导的让步状语从句中。注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；主谓并不倒装。try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.child as he is, he knows a lot.8_, i have never seen anyone whos as capable as john. a. as long as i have traveled b. now that i have traveled so muchc. much as i have traveled d. as i have traveled so much(八).由however, no matter how引导的让步状语从句中，把however+形容词/副词，no matter how+形容词/副词放在句首时。9_, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. a. however late is he b. however he is late c. however is he late d. however late he is二、全部倒装就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于几种情况：(一).用于地点副词here, there,方位副词out, in, up, down及时间副词now, then等开头的句子里，以示强调。there goes the bell. look! here they come. 这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。here it is.away he went.这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。here comes the bus.out rushed the boys.(二).当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。注意：谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词；倒装时不需要助动词。under the table are three white cats. in front of the tower flews a stream.10under a big tree _, half asleep.a. did sat a fat manb. a fat man satc. did a fat man satd. sat a fat man(三)there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。there came shouts for help from the river.there lies a large wheat field in front of the house.many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.(四).表语置于句首时，倒装结构为表语+系动词+主语。(1)形容词+系动词+主语present at the meeting was mr. green, a headmaster. (2)过去分词+系动词+主语hidden behind the door were some naughty children. gone forever are the days when the chinese people had to use foreign oil.(3)介词短语+系动词+主语in front of the playground is a newly-built house. (五).有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。they arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.(六).在一些表示祝愿的句子里。long live the communist party of china!may you all be happy.随堂巩固 1._ and caught the mouse.a. up the cat jumped b. the cat up jumpedc. up jumped the cat d. jumped up the cat2._ and the lesson began.a. in came mr brown b. mr brown in camec. in came he d. came in mr brown3. over _ , dead.a. rolling the goat b. rolled the goatc. did the goat roll d. the goat rolled4.where is my shirt, mum?_.a. there is itb. there it isc. there isd. here is it5. where is your father?oh, _.a. here he comes b. he here comesc. here does he come d. here comes he6. the door opened and there _ .a. enters an old man b. entered an old manc. did an old man enter d. an old man entered7. now _ your turn to recite the text.a. will comeb. comesc. has comed. there is8. often _ them not to smoke here.a. we advised b. advised mec. did we advise d. had we advised9._ playing soldiers.a. inside the room were two boysb. inside the room two boysc. were two boys inside the roomd. inside the room was two boys10. on the wall _ two large portraits.a. are hanging b. hanged c. hang d. hangs 11._ who was wounded in the stomach.a. among them were a soldier b. among them was a soldierc. among them a soldier was d. among they was a soldier12. next door to ours _ , who is no less than eighty.a. that lives an old man b. does an old man livec. lives an old man d. where lives an old man13.she plays the piano very well, _.a. so every one of us does b. every one of us doesc. so does every one of us d. so do every one of us14.you say he works hard, _, and _.a. so he does; so you do b. so he does; so do youc. so does he; so do you d. so does he; so you do15. i thought you women were present at the meeting._.a. so we were b. so we didc. so were we d. so did we16.i dont think jack will come today, _. a. nor will mary b. and mary doesnt c. mary will either d. or mary does17. she is fond of cooking, _i .a. so amb. nor am c. neither dod. nor do18.marx was born in germany and german was his native language .a. so it was with angles b. so was it with anglesc. so was angles d. so did angles19.a fish needs water and without water it will die._.a. so does a man b. so will a manc. so it is with a man d. so is it with a man20. so absorbed _ the work that she often forgot to _ her meals.a. had she been in; do b. she was in; makec. was she in; take d. she had been in ; have21.so loudly _ that every one of the class could hear him.a. did he speak b. did he spokec. spoke he d. he spoke22. _ his appearance that no one could recognize him.a. strange so was b. so strange wasc. was so strange d. so was strange23.not once _ their plan.a. did they change b. they changedc. changed they d. they did change24. never _ such a wonderful place as hangzhou.a. are seeing b. had i seenc. i have seen d. have i seen25.seldom _ tv during the day.a. they watch b. are they watchingc. have they watched d. do they watch26.nowhere _ as in my garden.a. the flowers were so beautifulb. were the flowers so beautifulc. so beautiful were the flowersd. so beautiful the flowers were27. hardly _ his homework when he went out.a. finished he b. he had finishedc. did he finish d. had he finished28.scarcely _ finished their homework _ i came into the classroom.a. had they; than b. they had; whenc. had they; when d. did they; when29. not only _ a promise, but also he kept it.a. has he made b. does he makec. he maded. did he make30. not until his comrades criticized him _ to admit his mistake.a. had he begun b. began hec. did he begin d. does he begin答案 15 cabba 610 bbbda 1115 bccba 1620 baacc 2125 abadd 2630 bdcdc我的大学爱情观目录：1、 大学概念2、 分析爱情健康观3、 爱情观要三思4、 大学需要对爱情要认识和理解5、 总结1、什么是大学爱情：大学是一个相对宽松，时间自由，自己支配的环境，也正因为这样，培植爱情之花最肥沃的土地。大学生恋爱一直是大学校园的热门话题，恋爱和学业也就自然成为了大学生在校期间面对的两个主要问题。恋爱关系处理得好、正确，健康，可以成为学习和事业的催化剂，使人学习努力、成绩上升；恋爱关系处理的不当，不健康，可能分散精力、浪费时间、情绪波动、成绩下降。因此，大学生的恋爱观必须树立在健康之上，并且树立正确的恋爱观是十分有必要的。因此我从下面几方面谈谈自己的对大学爱情观。2、什么是健康的爱情：1) 尊重对方，不显示对爱情的占有欲，不把爱情放第一位，不痴情过分；2) 理解对方，互相关心，互相支持，互相鼓励，并以对方的幸福为自己的满足; 3) 是彼此独立的前提下结合；3、什么是不健康的爱情：1)盲目的约会，忽视了学业;2)过于痴情，一味地要求对方表露爱的情怀，这种爱情常有病态的夸张;3)缺乏体贴怜爱之心，只表现自己强烈的占有欲;4)偏重于外表的追求;4、大学生处理两人的在爱情观需要三思：1. 不影响学习：大学恋爱可以说是一种必要的经历，学习是大学的基本和主要任务，这两者之间有错综复杂的关系，有的学生因为爱情，过分的忽视了学习，把感情放在第一位；学习的时候就认真的去学，不要去想爱情中的事，谈恋爱的时候用心去谈，也可以交流下学习，互相鼓励，共同进步。2. 有足够的精力：大学生活，说忙也会很忙，但说轻松也是相对会轻松的！大学生恋爱必须合理安排自身的精力，忙于学习的同时不能因为感情的事情分心，不能在学习期间，放弃学习而去谈感情，把握合理的精力，分配好学习和感情。3、 有合理的时间；大学时间可以分为学习和生活时间，合理把握好学习时间和生活时间的“度”很重要；学习的时候，不能分配学习时间去安排两人的在一起的事情，应该以学习为第一；生活时间，两人可以相互谈谈恋爱，用心去谈，也可以交流下学习，互相鼓励，共同进步。5、大学生对爱情需要