环境保护论文人口与环境相互作用机制及协调发展研究.doc

人口与环境相互作用机制及协调发展研究 【毕业论文标题】 人口与环境相互作用机制及协调发展研究 【英文标题】 the study on interaction mechanism and coordinated development of population and environment【中文摘要】 人口与环境问题是当今世界各国可持续发展面临的两大难题,更是影响我国经济、社会能否快速、健康发展的重要因素。人口与环境能否协调发展,对我国意义重大,影响深远。以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观的实施,为促进我国人口、资源、环境与经济、社会协调发展提供了难得的机遇。如何改变过去传统的以牺牲资源、环境为代价来发展社会经济的模式,实现在人口与资源、环境协调发展的前提下经济的快速发展,是山东省乃至全国面临的艰巨任务。作为人口大省和经济大省,山东省人口与环境压力尤为巨大。基于此,本文以国内外已有研究成果为基础,以山东省为例对人口与环境相互作用机制及协调发展进行比较系统的研究。本文共分五部分:第一部分导言阐述了本文选题的背景、研究意义及方法、国内外研究现状,对人口与环境协调发展的理论基础进行了分析与评述。第二部分是本文的重点之一,对人口与环境相互作用机制进行理论探究,并以山东省为研究区域进行实证研究。理论研究方面,分别从人口数量、人口素质、人口结构、人口迁移和人口消费角度,分析人口与环境的相互作用;实证研究方面,运用定性与定量方法研究山东省人口数量、素质、结构、迁移、消费与环境的相互作用。结果表明,人口子系统与环境子系统相互作用关系明显,是一个多因素、多层次的影响机制。第三部分是人口与环境协调发展的综合评价,也是本文的重点和难点。分析了协调发展的内涵,在参考已有研究成果的基础上,建立人口与环境协调发展的评价指标体系和评价模型。从时间和空间角度对山东省19912005年及2006年山东17地市的人口与环境协调发展进行历史演变和空间分异研究。结果表明,山东省人口与环境在19912005年的协调发展水平整体上呈上升趋势,并且分为明显的三个阶段。山东17地市人口与环境协调发展的区域差异明显,东部的协调发展水平高于西部。第四部分提出促进人口与环境协调发展的对策建议。从区域可持续发展的角度提出促进人口与环境协调发展的人口、经济、社会、环境对策。第五部分结语总结了本文的主要结论、创新点及存在的不足。【英文摘要】 the population and environment question ,which are two major challenges to the sustainable development in the world today , have played an important influence in restraining the fast and healthy development of economy and society in china.whether the population and environment subsystems can develop harmoniously is significant and affects profoundly to our country.the implementation of scientific development concept which is humanist ,comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable privids us an rare and good opportunity to promoting the coordinated development of the populaition , the resources, the environment and the social economy. how to change the past traditional development model which develops social economy at the expense of the resources and the enveronment,and realize in the coordinated development of the populaition ,resources and enveronment is in front of our countrys new duty.as chinas second large population and ecnomicially strong province, the pressure of population and the environment in shandong is especially great.for this reasion ,this thesis has made a systematic research on the interaction mechanism and the coordinated development of the population and the environment in shandong province ,based on the domestic and foreign research results.this thesis is divided into five parts.the first part is introduction. beginning with the study background, meaning ,methods and the present international and national research situation,then this thesis gives analysis and comprehensive comments on related theoris of the coordinated development of the population and the environment systems.the second part is one of the key points of the thesis.this part makes resesaches on the interaction mechanism between the population and the environment from the theoretical and empirical parts, taking shandong as example.in theoretical research,this part analyzes the interaction mechanism between the population and the environment systems in perspective of population quantity ,quality ,structure,migration and consumption level differences.in empirical research,this part analyzes the interactions between population quantity, quality, structure,migration, consumption and environment systems in shandong province,using qualitative and quantitative methods. the result indicates that the population subsystem and the environmet subsystem have obvious interaction ,which involves multi-factors and multi-levels.the third part is the key and difficulty points of this thesis.first the index system and coordination development model reflecting the coordinated development of the population and environment systems is designed,based on the existing research results.then , the historical evolution of the population and environment systems from 1999 to 2005 in shandong province ,and the spatial differentiation of the population and environment systems in the 17 prefectures in shandong province in 2006 are measured and analyzed.the results indicated that the coordinated development level between the populaition and enveronment systems in shandong province assumed the trend of escalation from1991 to 2005,and can be divided into three stages. the coordinated development between the populations and the environment systems in 17 prefectures in shandong assumed obvious region differences ,and the coordinated development in east is higher than the west.the fouth part puts forward the countermeasures that promote the coordinated developments of the populaiton and the enveriment systems in terms of sustainable development including population,economy,society and enveriment policies. 【中文关键词】 人口; 环境; 作用机制; 协调发展; 山东 【英文关键词】 population; environment; interaction mechanism; coordinated development; shandong 【论文目录】中文摘要 6-7 abstract 7-8 1. 导言 9-15 1.1 研究背景 9 1.2 研究意义及方法 9-10 1.3 国内外研究进展 10-13 1.3.1 国外研究进展 10-12 1.3.2 国内研究进展 12-13 1.4 理论基础 13-15 1.4.1 人地关系论 13-14 1.4.2 人口压力与土地承载能力有限论 14 1.4.3 人口爆炸与生态环境恶化论 14-15 1.4.4 人口转移理论 15 2. 人口与环境相互作用机制理论及实证研究 15-31 2.1 人口数量与环境的相互作用 15-17 2.1.1 人口数量与环境的相互关联性 15-17 2.1.2 区域环境差异对山东人口地域分布影响分析 17 2.2 人口素质与环境的相互作用 17-20 2.2.1 人口素质与环境的相互关联性 17-18 2.2.2 人口素质对山东省17 地市环境可持续发展支撑能力分析 18-20 2.3 人口结构与环境的相互作用 20-23 2.3.1 人口年龄结构与环境的相互关联性 20-21 2.3.2 人口城乡结构、产业结构与环境的相互关联性 21-22 2.3.3 山东省人口城乡、产业结构与环境作用相关分析 22-23 2.4 人口迁移与环境的相互作用 23-25 2.4.1 人口迁移与环境的相互关联性 23-24 2.4.2 区域环境变化对山东人口迁移影响分析 24-25 2.5 人口消费与环境的相互作用 25-29 2.5.1 人口消费与环境的相互关联性 25-26 2.5.2 山