动词时态语态讲解课件修订版_-.ppt

时态和语态的主要考点 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考 的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在 进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成 进行、过去将来等。 2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态； 主从句时态呼应问题。 3、几种时态的替代问题. 1 一般现在时的用法 1).经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。 1. i _ ping-pong quite well, but i havent had time to play since the new year. a .will play b. have played c. played d. play 2. -_my glasses ? -yes, i saw them on your bed a minute ago. a. do you see b. had you seen c. would you see d. have you seen 提示：仔细分辨语境和猜测说话人的意图。 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言 或警句。 knowledge begins with practice. she said that the sea water is salty. 例题： -what did you learn today？ -the teacher told us that earth _ around the sun a.move b.moved c.moves d.would move 3).按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。 主语通常是物：车，船，飞机等 the train leaves at three tomorrow. 4).在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一 般现在时代替一般将来时。 if it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside. -put these glasses away before they _. -ok. ill put them in the cupboard. a. have broken b. are breaking c. get broken d. will be broken 注： 眼镜打碎是发生在将来的事情。 ive brought my tennis things along in case we _ time for a game tomorrow. a. shall have b. have c. will have d. are going to have in case引导状语从句，“如果;万一” -can i drive on the free way, mr green? -you can when you _ a bit more skilled. a. will get b. are getting c. will have got d. get 2 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状 态。vs:现在完成时 1. -look! someone has spilt （溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯） -well , it _ me. a. isnt b. wasnt c. hasnt been d. hadnt been 2.-ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. -oh, how good a dad! but she doesnt like sweet things. _ that? a. dont you know b. havent you known c. didnt you know d. hadnt you known tip：刚刚结束的动作，也用一般过去时 3.-was mary in the office when you arrived there? -yes , but she _soon afterwards. a. had left b. left c. would leave d. will leave 2). 一般过去时vs过去进行时 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行 时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。 i wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完） i was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完 ） 1.-has tommy finished his job yet? -i have no idea of it ; he _ it this morning. a. was doing b. had been doing c. has done d. did 2.as she _ the newspaper, granny _asleep. a . read, was falling b. was reading ,fell c. was reading, was falling d. read ,fell 三、一般将来时 1 .一般将来时表示将来某时要发生的动作。 2 .表示将来时的四种形式 will /shall +动词原形 be going to do be about to do(正要干什么) be to do be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么; 而will 表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然 性。 -the telephone is ringing. -i _ answer it. a.will b. am going to c. am to d. am about to - alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -i _, but i had an unexpected visitor. a. had b. would c. was going to d. did be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而 will 不能表示 look at the clouds! its going to rain. 3. be to do vs. be going to be to do 表示客观安排(或命中注定)或受人指示 而做某事. be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。 i am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (领导安排明天有踢足球。) im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (我自己打算明天踢足球。) 4be about to do 表示即将发生的动作，不与表示 将来的时间状语连用。 常与when 连用，when 此时意思是 “这时突然” ，是并列连词. 构成句型： be about to do when. i was about to leave when it rained. 我正要离开，这时突然下雨了。 注意： （1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时 刻表中安排好的。 the plane leaves tomorrow. (尽管有tomorrow, 但没有will ,be going to ) （2）某些瞬间动词“go, come,arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 ive won a holiday for two to floria. i _my mum. a. am taking b. have taken c. take d. will have been 动词记忆口诀：来来去去，开始停止。 4. 现在进行时 1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在 进行。 1).selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. a. will have changed b. has changed c. is changing d. will change 2).-ann works very hard. -in fact. i think she _ just now. a. studied b. is studying c. studies d. will study 注：just now有刚才;现在两个意思 3). please call again. jim _ a bath just now. a. has had b. was having c. is having d. has 4).my money _. i must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before ive none in hand. a.has run out b. is running out c. has been run out d. is being run out 5).i can guess you were in a hurry. you _ your sweater inside out. a. had worn b. wore c. are wearing d. were wearing 现在进行时的常考点： 1.现在进行时与always, continually, constantly, never 等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。 you are always forgetting the important things. 2有些词不用于进行时态：表示“存在、所有、知 觉、感情”等状态 remain,belong to, own,sound,look,seem appear,smell, taste,understand, know,like, love 1.you _things about . look, what a mess in you room! a. always throw b. have always thrown c. are always throwing d. have always been thrown 2.you _ television. why not do something more active? a. always watch b. are always watching c. have always watched d. have always been watching 5.过去进行时 1.表示过去某一时间正进行的动作。 常和at that time, this time yesterday ，5 oclock yesterday 等具体的时间状语连用。 1).i first met lisa three years ago . she _ to a customer at the time. a.has talked b. was talking c.had been talking d. had talked 2表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作不 持续到现在。vs:现在完成进行时 1).-why didnt you join us last night? -i _ the live programs on the war between iraq and the states. a.watched b. was watching c. had watched d. have been watching 2).-why werent you at the meeting? -i _ for a long distance call from my father in australia. a. waited b. was waiting c. had waited d. have been 3).-you look tired. -yes. i _ non-stop until twelve oclock. a. am working b. was working c. has worked d. had worked 3.刚刚结束的正在进行的动作。vs:一般过去时。 1).-hey ,look where you are going? -oh, im terribly sorry ._. a.im not noticing b. i dont noticing c.i havent noticing d. i wasnt noticing 注：走路和注意两个动作同时发生。 2). look! how wonderful my car is! oh, jack. what are you thinking about? dont you like it? im sorry i _ any remark about it in time. i certainly think its smart. a. wasnt making b. dont make c. wont make d. didnt make 3). -hey, what did i say? -i _. a. im not listening b. i was not listening c. i dont listened d. i didnt listen 4.与always等连连用，表示感情色彩。 vs .现现在进进行时时 my brother was always losing his key. 5. im terribly sorry for being late, but i _ the wrong bus. a. catch b. had caught c. caught d. catching 7. the truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him. a. was to walk b. had been walking c. walked d. was walking 8. i really dont think rose will be upset, but i will go and see her in case she _. a. is b. does c. will be d. has been 9. the computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _. a. were playing b. were to play c. had played d. played 10. kate is in hospital. oh, really? i _. _ visit her. a. didnt know; ill go and b. dont know; ill go and c. dont know; im going to d. didnt know; im going to 11. where _ the guidebook? i cant see it anywhere. i _ it right here, but now its gone. a. did you put; have put b. had you put; have put c. have you put; put d. were you putting; put 15. how is the old man now? sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him. a. was dead b. had died c. has been dead d. died 18.the workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office. a. had worked, had left b. were working ; had left c. working ; had left d. had worked; left 6. 现在完成时 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或 结果。 they have cleaned the classroom. (they cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.) 2.表示过去的动作持续到现在。 he hasnt given me any more trouble since then. -when did he go to america? -oh, he _ there since half a year ago. a. went b. has been c. has gone d. was shelly _ california for texas and _ there ever since. you can go and pay her a visit on your way to mexico. a. left, worked b. has left, had worked c. left, has worked d. has left , worked collecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during the past fifty years. a. becomes b. became c. has become d. had become -how are you today? -oh , i _ as ill as i do now for a very long time. a. didnt feel b. wasnt feeling c. dont feel d. havent felt robert _ me his address the other day, but im afraid i _ it . a. had given, lost b. has given , have lost c. gave, have lost d. gives, lost 7.过去完成时 1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动 作，即“过去的过去”。 常见时间标志： by the end of +过去时间 be the time +从句（用一般过去时引导的句子） the film had already begun when i got there. they had left before i returned. we had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.) 5. helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. a. has left; comes b. left; had come c. had left; came d. had left; would come tip：明确的过去时间点作为参照。 2).表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间 的动作或状态。 i had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 3). 用于hardly when ;no sooner than （一.就）等 句子中。 hardly had we arrived when she started complaining. 4).hope ,think,expect,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等 ，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。 i had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being found. 我本希望能趁着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但 实际上未实现） 5).it is the first time +从句（现在完成时） it was the first time +从句（过去完成时） it is the first time that ive been here. it was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune. 6).用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。 if i had known your telephone number yesterday, i would have telephoned you . 1. the old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. a. died b. would die c. had died d. has died 2. old mcdonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. a. returned b. returns c. was returning d. had returned 3. i _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. a. hoped; would become b. had hoped; would become c. had hoped; will become d. hope; will become 4. i _ to take a good holiday this year, but i wasnt able to get away. a. hope b. have hoped c. had hoped d. hoped tip:理清动作先后关系。 8.现在完成进行时 构成：have /has been doing 表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，很可能 将持续下去。 -isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? -yes, that why i _ to work by train. a. have been going b. have gone c. was going d. will have gone 9.将来完成时： will/shall +have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将 来时间的状语连用，如： by the end of+将来时间的短语 by the time +从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将 来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时。 we will have finished the work by the time he comes back. 10.一般将来进行时； will be doing / shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 what will you be doing this time tomorrow? 1.by the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem. a. have found b. will be found c. will have found d. are finding 2.the conference _ a full week by the time it ends. a. must have lasted b. will have lasted c. would last d. has lasted 1.he stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill in the forms. a. sitting b. to sit c. sat d. having it 2.she said she would telephone but we _from her so far. a.havent heard b.didnt hear c.hadnt heard d.wont hear 3.when i got to the cinema, the film_for ten minutes. a.has begun b.had begun c.had been on d.was 4.ill go with you as soon as i_my homework. a.will finish b.finish c.am finishing d.finished 5.if it_tomorrow,i wont go to the cinema. a.will rain b.rains c.is raining d.rained 6.she is going to be a nurse when she_up. a.is going to grow b.grows c.growing d.grew 7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？ a.i have had this book for three months. b.i have bought this book for three months. c.i bought this book three months ago. d.it is three months since i bought this book. 8. come in, peter, i want to show you something. oh, how nice of you! i _ you _ to bring me a gift. a.never think; are going b.never thought; were going c.didnt think; were going d.hadt thought; were going 9.when i was at college i _ three foreign languages,but i _ all except for a few words of each. a.spoke;had forgotten b.spoke;have forgotten c.had spoken;had forgotten d.had spoken;have forgotten 10.the police found that the house _ and a lot of things _. a.has broken into; has been stolen b.had broken into; had been stolen c.has been broken into; stolen d.had been broken into; stolen 11.the volleyball match will be put off if it_. a. will rain b. rains c. rained d. is raining 12.mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. a. made b. is making c. was making d. makes 13.the students _ busily when miss brown went to get a book she _ in the office. a. had written; left b. were writing; has left c. had written; had left d. were writing; had left 14. have you moved into the new house? no yet, the rooms _, a. are being painted b. are painting c. are painted d. are being painting 15. we havent heard from jane for a long time. what do you suppose _ to her? a. was happening b. to happen c. has happened d. having happened 16. do you know our town at all? no, this is the first time i _ here. a. was b. have been c. came d. am coming 17. we could have walked to the station.it was so near. yes, a taxi _ at all necessary. a. wasnt b. hadnt been c. wouldnt be d. wont be 18.if city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. a. are not kept; will have to b. are not kept; have to c. do not keep; will have to d. do not keep; have to 19.tom _ into the house when no one _. a. slipped; was looking b. had slipped; looked c. slipped; had looked d. was slippping; looked 20.the last time i _ jane she _ cotton in the fields. a. had seen; was picking b. saw; picking c. had seen; picked d. saw; was picking 几种时态的替代问题 a：一般现在时代替将来时 ： 除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替 将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用 一般现在时来代替将来时。如： the museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门 。(实际上每天如此。) b：一般现在时代替完成时： 句型 “it is since”代替“it has been since ” it is (= has been) five years since we last met c：一般现在时代替进行时： 在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： look, here comes mr. li. 祈使句中的动词问题 高考题点击： 1. _ it with me and ill see what i can do. (98 n) a. when leftb. leavingc. if you leaved. leave 2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) a. tryingb. tryc. to tryd. have tried 3. _ at the door before entering, please. (01 北京春季) a. knocked b. to knockc. knockingd. knock 4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海) a. givingb. givec. givend. to give d b d b 1、现在时态 高考题点击： 1. months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the pacific, and we met no storms. （05辽宁卷） awas called bis called chad been called dhas been called 2. i _ ping-pong quite well, but i havent had time to play since the new year. (2001 n) a. will play b. have playedc. playedd. play b d 说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平 洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。 说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是 不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。 3. since i won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. people _ to ask how i am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷） a. phone b. will phone c. were phoning d. are phoning 4. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2001 n) a. is changingb. has changed c. will have changedd. will change 说明：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样 使用这笔钱。此处的 are phoning 表示“不停的打电话”。 说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展， 所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的 描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。 d a 5. _ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京春季） a. id phoned b. ive been phoning c. ive phoned d. i was phoning 6. - you havent been to beijing, have you? - _. how i wish to go there! (98 n) a. yes, i haveb. yes, i havent c. no, i haved. no, i havent 说明：此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电 话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占 线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。 说明：从补充的句子 “how i wish to go there!”可知“我”没 到过北京。 c d 7. - hi, tracy, you look tired. - i am tired. i _ the living room all day. (98 n) a. paintedb. had painted c. have been paintingd. have painted 8. now that she is out of a job, lucy_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. （04北京） a had consideredb has been considering c consideredd is going to consider 说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完 成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而 且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。 c b 说明：她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作 决定”是现在的结果。 用于现在完成时的句型 1）it is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用 现在完成时。 it is the first time that i have visited the city. it was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比较 its time that 结构： it is high time that we went to school. 2）this is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. this is the best film that ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 this is the first time (that) ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 典型例题 (1) - do you know our town at all? - no, this is the first time i _ here. a. was b. have been c. came d. am coming (2) - have you _ been to our town before? - no, its the first time i _ here. a. even, come b. even, have come c. ever, come d. ever, have come 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时 间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）i have received his letter for a month. （对）i havent received his letter for almost a month. b d 2、过去时 高考题点击： 1. - nancy is not coming tonight. - but she _! (98 n) a. promises b. promisedc. will promise d. had promised 2. my uncle _ until he was forty-five. (2000 上海) a. marriedb. didnt marry c. was not marryingd. would marry 说明：nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去 作出的承诺。 说明：until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动 词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动 词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题 中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。 b b 3. - you havent said a word about my new coat, brenda. do you like it? (n2002) - im sorry i _ anything about it sooner. i certainly think its pretty on you. a. wasnt sayingb. dont sayc. wont sayd. didnt say 说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现 在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为 此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话