新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第四册 Unit 7 Geniuses and Better Parenting.ppt

contents n h c e reading skills1 text study2 test yourself3 课文 自测 技巧 n h c e reading skills introduction like the other skills for your use, the like the other skills for your use, the skill introduced in this unit does skill introduced in this unit does render you better able in reading.render you better able in reading. practice this practice is designed to help you this practice is designed to help you get a deeper insight into the skill get a deeper insight into the skill special forspecial for this unit. this unit. 课文自测技巧 n h c e introduction:introduction: back 阅读实践 随 笔 scanning 课文自测技巧 scanning is to locate a specific item of information or to tell where we can get that information. scanning does not involve intensive reading in details. scanning is particularly useful in reading newspapers or advertisements. it is also possible to use this reading skill to find some particular information in any kind of reading materials. the steps involved in scanning are as follows: n h c e introductionintroduction： 阅读实践 随 笔 1. decide what information you are looking for, and think about the form it may take. for example, if you want to know when something happened, you would look for a date. if you want to find out who did something, you would look for a name. 2. next, think about where you would be likely to get the information in a particular article and move your eyes as quickly as possible down the page until you find the information. back 课文自测技巧 scanning n h c e introductionintroduction： 阅读实践 随 笔 3. stop reading when you have got the right information until you are clear about your next reading purpose. here are three more examples from text a that may illustrate how we probably scan for some particular information. scan to find the answers to the following questions in text a as quickly as possible. back 课文自测技巧 scanning n h c e introductionintroduction： 阅读实践 随 笔 1. how many years did luca cavalli-sforza work with his colleagues to create the first genetic map of the world? back 课文自测技巧 scanning key: 16 years. (we can find the information in paragraph 2.) 2. how many genetic maps does the book the history and geography of human genes contain? key: 500 genetic maps. (we can find the information in paragraph 2.) n h c e introductionintroduction： 阅读实践 随 笔 3. europeans are thought to be a mixed population as genetic patterns show they have _ asian genes and _ african genes. back 课文自测技巧 scanning key: europeans are thought to be a mixed population as genetic patterns show they have 65% asian genes and 35% african genes. (we can find the information in paragraph 8.) n h c e practicepractice 阅读技巧 随 笔 directions: before you read text b closely, scan the text to find the answers to the following questions. back 课文自测技巧 n h c e practicepractice 阅读技巧 随 笔 1. what is the writers attitude toward the opinion that great geniuses spring up out of nowhere? key: the writer holds a doubtful attitude toward this opinion, calling it a popular myth. (we can find the writers doubtful attitude in paragraph 1.) back 课文自测技巧 n h c e practicepractice 阅读技巧 随 笔 2. what are the two kinds of parenting styles identified in the study mentioned? key: they are the supportive style and the stimulating style. (we can find the information in paragraph 4.) back 课文自测技巧 n h c e practicepractice 阅读技巧 随 笔 3. in order to find out the influence parents have on their children, one study was conducted to follow four groups of children. what are the four groups? key: four groups of children: one with supportive parents, one with stimulating parents, one whose parents combining both qualities and a final group who offered neither. (we can find the information in paragraph 6.) back 课文自测技巧 n h c e practicepractice 阅读技巧 随 笔 4. how much time does a father in holland spend on average in conversation with his children? and what about a father in the united states? key: eleven seconds a day in holland and less than a minute a day in the united states. (we can find the information in paragraph 10.) back 课文自测技巧 n h c e practicepractice 阅读技巧 随 笔 5. what seems to be more important to a childs development according to the writer, genes or the environmental factors? key: the environmental factors such as better parenting and educational techniques. (we can find the information in paragraph 15, the last paragraph.) back 课文自测技巧 n h c e text study 1. new words 2. questions previewing 3. passage reading 4. choice making 课文自测技巧 n h c e new wordsnew words 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 问题预览 考虑之中的；谈论中的 特地做某事；想尽办法 调查 突然发生；突然出现 涌现；突然兴起 积极主动的 长期的 心胸狭窄的 c 奇才；天才 phrases and expressions spring up out of nowhere look into go out of ones way to do sth. a.self-motivated in question a. long-term a. narrow-minded n. prodigy back 课文自测技巧 n h c e new wordsnew words 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 问题预览 荷兰（西欧国家） 卡尔弗里德里希高斯 帕布罗毕加索(西班牙画家) 爱因斯坦(理论物理学家) 能够做；有条件做 比 处于有利地位/有优势 逐渐地 einstein pablo picasso mozart karl friedrich gauss holland proper names be in a position to do sth. have an advantage over step by step 莫扎特（奥地利作曲家） 课文自测技巧 back n h c e questions previewingquestions previewing 词汇学习 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 for you to be better conditioned for reading as fast as required in the new type of examination “fast reading”, text b can serve to be your fast- reading material. but, for this to be achieved, the best course of action is to know what to scan for in your skimming. thus, the trick is to keep in your mind the key words of each question before you start off. that is where the “question previewing” comes in. introduction 课文自测技巧 back n h c e questions previewingquestions previewing 词汇学习 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 directions: choose the correct version of each of the statements below so that each reflects what the writer states in the passage. 1. its a misconception that geniuses are _. 2. if you look into great peoples childhood, youll find that they _. 3. which group of children will suffer great parental pressure? 4. children who are both happy and quick-witted are those whose parents _. 课文自测技巧 back n h c e questions previewingquestions previewing 词汇学习 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 5. through the conversation with parents, children _. 6. children usually have a head start over their peers when their parents often _. 7. parents who are both supportive and stimulating _. 8. which statement is true according to the text? 课文自测技巧 back n h c e passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 geniuses and better parenting chinese para. 1 it is a popular myth that great geniusesthe einsteins, picassos and mozarts of this world spring up out of nowhere as if touched by the finger of god. the model is karl friedrich gauss, supposedly born into a family of manual workers, who grew up to become the father of modern mathematics. question 1 课文自测技巧 back n h c e para. 2 a professor who studies early learning has attacked this myth, saying that when he looked into gauss childhood, he found that gauss mother had been teaching him numbers at the age of two. his father had supervised manual workers, not been one, and played calculation games with him. furthermore, gauss had an educated uncle who taught him sophisticated math at an early age. passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinesequestion 2 课文自测技巧 back n h c e passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 3 it is the same story with other geniuses. einsteins father was an electrical engineer who fascinated his son with practical displays of physics. picassos father was an art teacher who had young pablo painting bowls of fruit at the age of eight. mozarts father was a musician employed at a nobles court who was teaching his son to sing and play almost before he could walk. “in every case, when you look into the backgrounds of great people, there is this pattern of very early stimulation by a parent or teacher figure,” the professor says. 课文自测技巧 back question 3 n h c e passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 4 but what sort of parental stimulation should it be? there is plenty of evidence that, too often, pressure from parents results in children suffering fatigue rather than becoming geniuses. one study has identified two kinds of parenting stylesthe supportive and the stimulating. 课文自测技巧 back question 3 n h c e para. 5 supportive parents were those who would go out of their way to help their children follow their favorite interests and praised whatever level of achievement resulted. generally, such parents created a pleasant home governed by clear rules. stimulating parents were more actively involved in what their children did, steering them toward certain fields and pushing them to work hard, often acting as a tutor. passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese 课文自测技巧 back n h c e passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese 课文自测技巧 back para. 6 the study followed four groups of children: one with supportive parents, one with stimulating parents, one whose parents combined both qualities and a final group whose parents offered neither. the children were given electronic devices; when these made a sound, they had to make a note of what they were doing and assess how happy and alert they felt. n h c e para. 7 the not too surprising result was that the children whose parents were simply supportive were happier than average but were not particularly intense in their concentration when studying or working on something. the children who fared best were those whose parents were both supportive and stimulating. these children showed a reasonable level of happiness and were very alert during periods of study. passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese 课文自测技巧 back question 4 n h c e passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 8 children whose parents were stimulating without being supportive were candidates for fatigue. these children did work long hours, but their alertness and happiness during study time was far below that of children in more balanced family environments. 课文自测技巧 back n h c e passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinesequestion 5 课文自测技巧 back para. 9 another crucial factor is the need for parents to have proper conversations with their children. through having the chance to talk with adults, children pick up not only language skills but also adult habits and styles of thought. one reason why prodigies such as picasso and einstein had a head start in life was that they had parents who demonstrated how to think about subjects like art or physics at a very early age. n h c e passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 10 a survey in holland showed that a typical father spent just 11 seconds a day in conversation with his children. a more recent study in america produced a somewhat better result, but the fathers in question were still talking to their children for less than a minute a day. 课文自测技巧 back n h c e para. 11 it is not just the time spent that counts, but also the way in which a parent talks. a parent who only gives a brief reply to a childs questions or gives dull answers will be passing on a negative, narrow- minded style of thinking. on the other hand, parents happy to take a child step by step through an argument, encouraging him or her to explore ideas, will cultivate an open and creative thinking style. passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinesequestion 6 课文自测技巧 back n h c e passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 12 one researcher is attempting to show this experimentally with a study in which groups of parents are taught how to have beneficial conversations with their small children. he says these children have an advantage over their peer group in language ability, intellectual ability, and even social leadership skills. while the study is not yet complete, the children appear to have been given a long-term advantage. 课文自测技巧 back question 6 n h c e passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 13 so what is the outlook for parents who do everything right, those who manage to be both supportive and stimulating, who are good at demonstrating thinking skills to their children and successful at cultivating a self-motivated approach to learning? would such parents be guaranteed to have a genius as their child? 课文自测技巧 back question 7 n h c e passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 14 there is general agreement that genuine biological differences exist between individuals; geniuses need to be lucky in both their genes and their parents. the most significant implication would seem to be that while most people are in a good position to fulfill their biological potentialbarring serious illnesses or a poor diet during childhoodit is far from certain that they will grow up in an environment where that capacity will be developed. 课文自测技巧 back question 7 n h c e passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinesequestion 8 para. 15 so although knowing more about the biology of genius is all very interesting, it is research into better parenting and educational techniques that will have lasting significance. 课文自测技巧 back n h c e reading comprehensionreading comprehension 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 课文阅读 choice making directions: choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1. its a misconception that geniuses are _. a. influenced by their environment b. born intelligent c. products of good parenting refer to para. 1 b. born intelligent 课文自测技巧 back n h c e reading comprehensionreading comprehension 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 课文阅读 2. if you look into great peoples childhood, youll find that they _. a. demonstrated unusual talents b. showed great curiosity about knowledge c. received early parental stimulationc. received early parental stimulation refer to para. 2 课文自测技巧 back n h c e reading comprehensionreading comprehension 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 课文阅读 3.which group of children will suffer great parental pressure? a. children whose parents are stimulating but not supportive. b. children whose parents are supportive but not stimulating. c. children whose parents are neither stimulating nor supportive. a. children whose parents are stimulating but not supportive. refer to paras. 3 get on 进展；进行 在世界范围金融危机的背景下，多数公司经营 不景气。 against a background of worldwide financial crisis, it fares ill with most companies. for more n h c e 短语 fare: example 2 一系列的考试结果表明， 他的校园生活过得很好。 a parade of exam results suggests that it has fared well with his campus life. 返回 n h c e 返回 短语 show a reasonable level of sth.: example 1 注释 display a sound degree of sth. 显示出相当程度的 尽管困难重重，他们表现出相当不错的信心和 勇气。 despite countless difficulties, they showed a reasonable level of confidence and courage. for more n h c e 短语 show a reasonable level of sth.: example 2 衡量一个人党性的标准之一, 是看他在金钱面 前是否贪得无厌。 one measure of ones party spirit is to see whether or not one shows an insatiable level of greed in face of money. 返回 n h c e 返回 短语 pick up: example 1 注释 get information or a skill by chance rather than by making a deliberate effort 养成；习得；捡起 不必费心去看使用说明书，因为你边用就边学 会了。 it is not necessary to bother with the users manual, for you will pick it up as you go along. for more n h c e 短语 pick up: example 2 地震的灾民所面临的，是收拾生活的烂摊子。 the victims of the earthquake are now faced with the task of picking up the pieces of their lives. 返回 n h c e 返回 短语 have a head start: example 1 注释 have an advantage over others in a particular activity, especially as a result of starting to do it before them 比别人起步早 因为他父亲是英语老师，所以他比别人在英语 学习上起步早。 he had a head start in english learning because his father was a teacher of english. for more n h c e 短语 have a head start: example 2 新能源开发前景看好，中国应走在前面。 the development of new energy resources promises a prosperous future; and china should have a head start in this field. 返回 n h c e 返回 短语 in question: example 1 注释 under consideration or discussion 被谈论的；被考虑的 当天晚上，我正好在外地出差。 on the night in question, i happened to be away on a business trip. example 2 既然该书已绝版，有没有可以替代它的书？ now that the book in question is out of print, is there any substitute for it? n h c e 返回 句型 it is not just sth. that count, but also sth. else: 注释 重要的不仅仅是 ，还有 for more 对于人的未来生存重要的不仅仅是更新知识 ，还有更新的频率。 example 1 it is not just renewal of knowledge that counts to ones future survival, but also how often ones knowledge is renewed. n h c e 句型 it is not just sth. that count, but also sth. else: 对婚姻重要的不仅仅是 物质财富的积累，还有 夫妻和谐生活的方式。 example 2 it is not just the buildup of material wealth that counts to ones marriage, but also the way the couple live in harmony. 返回 n h c e 返回 短语 step by step: example 1 注释 little by little；stage by stage 逐渐地；一步步地 英语学习不可能一蹴而就，必须循序渐进地学 习才能学会。 english cannot be learned at one sit; it must be acquired step by step. for more n h c e 短语 step by step: example 2 起初，她对他没有好感。但他的努力渐渐地使 她喜欢上了他。 at first, she was ill disposed toward him. but his efforts step by step made her take to him. 返回 n h c e 返回 短语 have an advantage over: example 1 注释 be better, more effective, and more useful than 比有优势 只有当我们控制住成本才能在国际市场上比别 的公司有优势。 only when we keep down the costs can we have an advantage over other companies in the international market. for more