新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第三册 Unit 8 Section B Who Will Take Advantage of Human Cloning.ppt

aa reading skills reading skills aa text study text study aa notes to the text notes to the text aa words and expressions words and expressions aa idea sharing idea sharing 3 8 a identifying the writers purpose a exercises 3 8reading skills i. identifying the writers purpose 1. passages presenting facts and evidence are to inform. 2. passages containing emotional appeals, opinions, rhetorical questions, and judgmental language are to persuade. 3. passages with informal language, puns or figures of speech are mainly to entertain. 3 8 1. in my opinion, , if we make honest and sensible use of money, it can be a stepping-stone to happiness. if we earn money lawfully, we can be proud of our achievement in gaining wealth. but we must also put our money to good use, so that it benefits not only ourselves but our fellowmen as well. the writer is to _. _. ii. exercises persuade reading skills 3 8 2. how not to grow old, at my time of life, is a much more important subject. my first advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully. ive done well in this respect. my grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. the writer is to _.entertain reading skills 3 8 3. as is shown in the table, from january to june, a total of 94,670 people were injured and 2,827 people were killed. we can find that traffic accidents have been on the increase all the time. in january, therere only 13,905 people injured while in june the number went up to 17,151. in january, therere only 230 people killed, but in june, the number increased to 700. the writer is to _. inform reading skills 3 8 a question answering 3 8 a piece of newsa piece of news reactionreaction 1. how does the author introduce the 1. how does the author introduce the topic?topic? (para. 1) a sheep had a sheep had been cloned.been cloned. panicpanic human cloninghuman cloning question answering text study related newsrelated news 3 8 conservative spiritual leaders haveconservative spiritual leaders have claimed that claimed that cloning a human constitutes cloning a human constitutes a gross attack on human dignitya gross attack on human dignity. . 2. 2. how to refute (how to refute (反驳反驳) ) the the arguments?arguments? (para. 2) why suppose that the laws that why suppose that the laws that protect our rights and dignity protect our rights and dignity wouldnt be applicable to cloned wouldnt be applicable to cloned persons?persons? text study 3 8 a leading lawyer has suggested that a leading lawyer has suggested that cloning would violate the “ cloning would violate the “right to a right to a unique genetic identityunique genetic identity”. ”. (para. 2) if such consent were given, if such consent were given, whose “right” to genetic identity whose “right” to genetic identity would be violated? would be violated? text study 3 8 theres the fear that parents mighttheres the fear that parents might clone a child clone a child for the sake of havingfor the sake of having “surplus parts”“surplus parts” in case the original in case the original child needs an organ transplant. child needs an organ transplant. (para. 3) parents of identical twins dont parents of identical twins dont view one child as an organ farm view one child as an organ farm for the other. why should cloned for the other. why should cloned childrens parents be any childrens parents be any different?different? text study 3 8 cloning will lead to efforts to breed individualscloning will lead to efforts to breed individuals with genetic qualities perceived as desirable with genetic qualities perceived as desirable (geniuses, etc.). (geniuses, etc.). (para. 4) banks stocked with the frozen sperm of banks stocked with the frozen sperm of geniuses already exist, but they havent geniuses already exist, but they havent created a master race. why should we created a master race. why should we think it would be different if human think it would be different if human cloning becomes available? cloning becomes available? text study 3 8 3. who will likely take advantage of cloning? la dying child linfertile couples lpeople with severe disease lpeople with deceased relatives lmedical researchers text study (para. 5)related newsrelated news 3 8 no one has yet made a convincing case no one has yet made a convincing case that it would do any real harm.that it would do any real harm. 4. what did the author 4. what did the author imply?imply? (para. 6) text study people may take advantage of cloning.people may take advantage of cloning. why ban human cloning 3 8 aa focus studyfocus study aa active expressions 3 8 i. active expressionsi. active expressions notes to the textactive expressions 1. last weeks news that scientists had cloned a sheep sent academics and the public into a panic (l1) 2. yet much of the moral opposition seems also to grow out of an automatic, unthinking disgust.(l6) 3. it makes perfect sense to say that adult persons have a right not to be cloned without (l17) 4. might cloned a child for the sake of having “surplus parts” in case the original child(l23) find out the active expressions: 3 8 send into to make enter a certain state grow out of to have something as a source make sense to be easy to understand for the sake of in order to get or keep sth. notes to the textactive expressions 3 8 1. 这话让他大笑了好一阵。 2. 计划源于一次随意的谈话。 3. 对我来说，她的论点很容易理解。 4. 为了钱，我会接受这份工作。 translation notes to the textactive expressions 3 8 1.the remark sent him into a fit of laughter. 2.this plan grew out of a casual conversation. 3.his argument makes perfect sense to me. 4.i will take the job for the sake of money. notes to the textactive expressions key 3 8 notes to the textfocus study ii. focus studyii. focus study 1. cloning is a radical challenge to the most fundamental laws of biology, so its reasonable to be concerned that it might be a preface to activities that will threaten human society and dignity. yet much of the moral opposition seems also to grow out of an automatic, unthinking disgust. 3 8 the principal clause cloning is a challenge to the adverbial clause of result so its reasonable to be concerned the object clause its reasonable to be concerned that it might the attributive clause activities that will threaten 克隆向生物学最基本的规律发起了一次革命性的挑 战，因此有理由担心这或许是威胁人类社会和人类 尊严的活动的序曲。然而，这种道义上的反对大多 出自一种本能的、未经思考的厌恶。 notes to the textfocus study 3 8 2. this refusal to consider the issue logically makes it hard for even trained scientists and other experts to see the matter clearly. this refusal makes it hard for scientists and experts to see 这种拒绝对此问题作理性思考的行 为，甚至使训练有素的科学家和其 他专家也难以看清这件事的实质。 the principal clause: notes to the textfocus study 3 8 3. but why suppose that the laws that protect our rights and dignity would not be applicable to cloned persons? 但为何要假设保护人类权利和尊严的 法律不能同样适用于克隆人？ the principal clause but why suppose the object clause suppose that the laws the attributive clause the laws that protect notes to the textfocus study 3 8 4. many of the vivid warnings of science fiction concerning the prospect of human cloning turn out, upon reflection, to be wildly improbable. 有关克隆人类前景的科幻小说所 发出的种种真切的警告，仔细想 来却变成了无稽之谈。 the principal clause: many warnings turn out to be improbable. notes to the textfocus study 3 8 but there is a vast difference between the breeding programs as practiced by some groups (where the urge to breed certain types of people leads to efforts to destroy other types) and the much more harmless forms already practiced in democratic societies (where, say, lawyers freely choose to have sexual relations with other lawyers). notes to the textfocus study 后置定语the attributive clause 后置定语 the attributive clause 5. 3 8 6. but a cloned child born to such suspect parents stands no greater or lesser chance of being loved, or rejected, than a child created the normal way. 但是，被心存疑虑的父母所克隆的孩但是，被心存疑虑的父母所克隆的孩 子，其被关爱或被抛弃的机会与一个子，其被关爱或被抛弃的机会与一个 正常生育的孩子是完全一样的。正常生育的孩子是完全一样的。 the principal clause: but a cloned child stands no greater or lesser chance than a child notes to the textfocus study 3 8 7. this is one case where even people (bothered by creating a child under the lens of a microscope) might see cloning as not the worst option. 后置定语 the principal clause this is one case. the attributive clause where even 在这个例子中，就连不愿意在显微镜下创造在这个例子中，就连不愿意在显微镜下创造 孩子的人也可能认为克隆不是最坏的选择。孩子的人也可能认为克隆不是最坏的选择。 notes to the textfocus study 3 8 a new to old a word using a translation a matching game 3 8 1.radical adj. in favor of thorough and complete change 我不同意他的激进观点。 i do not share his radical views. words and expressionsword using translation key i. word using 3 8 2. preface n. an event that happens before a more important event 这一偶然事件成了一项重大科学发现的前奏。 the accident was the preface to a great scientific discovery. words and expressionsword using translation key 3 8 3. make a convincing case that make people believe that no scientists have made a convincing case that the earth will be really attacked by beings from other planets. 还没有科学家证实地球真的会受到外星人的攻击 。 words and expressionsword using translation key 3 8 4. consent (to) n. agreement 大家一致认为她最近拍的那部影片是她迄今最好 的作品。 her latest film, by common consent, is her best yet. words and expressionsword using translation key 3 8 make money for moneys sake 5. for the sake of for the purpose of; for the good of stop smoking for the sake of your health. 为了你的健康戒烟吧。 words and expressionsword using translation key more to learn 为挣钱而挣钱 3 8 6. view as consider/think about as 人们认为矛盾是父母与子女关系中必不可少的一 部分。 conflict is viewed as an inevitable part of the child-parent relationship. words and expressionsword using translation key 3 8 7. queue up wait in a line 我们排队等候公共汽车。 we queued up for the bus. words and expressionsword using translation key 3 8 8. stand a chance of have a chance of (achieving sth.) 如果我能多说一门外语的话，我就有更大的机会 拿下这个工作。 if i can speak at least one more foreign language, ill stand a bigger chance of getting the job. words and expressionsword using translation key 3 8 9. defect n. a fault, problem or lack in sth. 这双鞋我买得很便宜，因为鞋上有些小毛病。 i bought these shoes cheaply because they have slight defects in them. words and expressionsword using translation key 3 8 10. probable adj. likely to happen or be true 他是很有希望的候选人。 今天很可能会下雨。 hes a probable candidate. it is highly probable that it will rain today. words and expressionsword using translation key 3 8 11. govern v. control 对金钱的需求左右着他的行为。 不要发脾气。 the need for money governs his behavior. govern your temper. words and expressionsword using translation key 3 8 leaders have claimed that cloning a human constitutes a gross attack. 2. why suppose that the law wound not be applicable to cloned persons ? 3. where did he come up with such a right? 4. the persons have a right not to be cloned without their voluntary, informed consent. 5. the husband has some unfortunate genetic defect. forms be suitable to get willing fault agreement ii. new to old words and expressionsnew to old 3 8 6. many warnings turn out to be wildly improbable