英语词汇教学思辨.ppt

困惑一：困惑一： 阅读教学中该如何使用多媒体课件阅读教学中该如何使用多媒体课件 直接从网上下载就上课直接从网上下载就上课 下载后稍做改动就上课下载后稍做改动就上课 制作过于花哨（动画制作过于花哨（动画 、电影、电、电影、电 视片段等）视片段等） 制作过于全面制作过于全面 （问题、答案等（问题、答案等) ) 例1：u3m2 : computer warming up: “please watch this”放一段cs（美国研 发的网络枪战游戏，约2分钟）引出今天 的话题： “well, today well talk about computer. do you like computer?” 学生行为： 观看游戏，小声议论。然后齐声回答： “yes.”有的学生在讨论有关cs的话题。 分析： 热身部分的主要作用是什么？ 目的是什么？ 你的设计有效吗？ 如何设计一个与单元主题联系 紧密的导入 一个被多媒体充斥的课堂有人不客 气地把它说成是“网吧”，上课成了看“电 视”， 教师成了课件的“讲解员”， 学生 只是一个“观众”，座着等答案。 弊端：弊端： 制作过于精美、全面教师一旦遇到意制作过于精美、全面教师一旦遇到意 外就无法上课了。外就无法上课了。 不利于培养和训练学生的听力不利于培养和训练学生的听力 制约了学生的想象力制约了学生的想象力 不利于学生思维能力的训练不利于学生思维能力的训练 不能调动学生的学习主动性，只能被不能调动学生的学习主动性，只能被 动接受动接受 困惑二：困惑二： 阅读教学中如何处理生词，是否需要阅读教学中如何处理生词，是否需要 领读领读 利用早自习时间对整个单元的词汇集中领利用早自习时间对整个单元的词汇集中领 读或作一些简单的解释读或作一些简单的解释 把整个单元的词汇根据课时分成若干部分把整个单元的词汇根据课时分成若干部分 处理处理 直接要求学生课前自习直接要求学生课前自习 有时由于课时紧张，干脆不做任何处理有时由于课时紧张，干脆不做任何处理 词汇教学的问题和困难词汇教学的问题和困难 1. 1. 主次不分，平均用力，负担过重主次不分，平均用力，负担过重 2. 2. 求深不求广求深不求广 ，难以有效拓展，难以有效拓展 3. 3. 方法单一，缺乏语境，学得快忘得快方法单一，缺乏语境，学得快忘得快 4. 4. 缺乏策略指导，独立学习能力差缺乏策略指导，独立学习能力差 5. 5. 重记忆、轻运用，语言运用能力差重记忆、轻运用，语言运用能力差 那么词汇教学应该怎样处理才有利于学生那么词汇教学应该怎样处理才有利于学生 语言能力的发展呢？或者说如何促进学生词汇语言能力的发展呢？或者说如何促进学生词汇 学习的有效性呢？学习的有效性呢？ 学法指导贯穿始终，激活学生学习策略学法指导贯穿始终，激活学生学习策略; ; 词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程；词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程； 词汇教学渗透过程，强化学生运用能力；词汇教学渗透过程，强化学生运用能力； 词汇学习增加输入，扩大学生资源策略。词汇学习增加输入，扩大学生资源策略。 一、学法指导贯穿始终，激活学生学习策略一、学法指导贯穿始终，激活学生学习策略 英语词汇是有规律的，成体系的。英语词汇是有规律的，成体系的。因此，因此， 词汇教学应充分运用整体教学法，使学生词汇教学应充分运用整体教学法，使学生 依据词汇内部的形、音、义、构造、用法依据词汇内部的形、音、义、构造、用法 的纵横联系去掌握词汇。的纵横联系去掌握词汇。 音、形、义结合，构词策略，语境策略，音、形、义结合，构词策略，语境策略， 直观教学，组块学习，类比联想，归类总直观教学，组块学习，类比联想，归类总 结，使用词典，记忆的间隔效应（有间断结，使用词典，记忆的间隔效应（有间断 地复述刺激信息）等等。地复述刺激信息）等等。 bag, bad, bat, cat, hat, mad, pat, dad, can, has, fat, gap, nap, sad, happy, lap, tap, bank, back, camp, fact, man, map, sat, stand, pal, match, act, fax, pack, black, rat, snack, flag, crack, mat, cash, crash, trash, made plane hate tape rate bake mad plan hat tap rat back 二、词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程二、词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程 （一）词汇教学语境化（一）词汇教学语境化体会用法，思考意义体会用法，思考意义 1 1、利用语境，识词辩义。、利用语境，识词辩义。 my parmy parentents are s are prespresententinging the people the people prespresentent with with prespresentents s at at prespresentent. . the boy the boy layinglaying the table the table liedlied that the hen that the hen lyinglying there had just there had just laidlaid two big eggs. two big eggs. the the sleepingsleeping child is sound child is sound asleepasleep now, so now, so by the time he is awake, he wont feel by the time he is awake, he wont feel sleepysleepy. . 2 2 、一词多义，置于情境。、一词多义，置于情境。 today is my birthday. when i came home with a today is my birthday. when i came home with a lightlight heartheart（adj.adj.轻松的）轻松的）, my parents were busy , my parents were busy preparing dinner. the preparing dinner. the lightlight in the room was poorin the room was poor （n. n. 光线）光线）, so i turned on the , so i turned on the lightslights（n.n.灯）灯）. . now our room was bright with all the now our room was bright with all the lightslights on. on. （n. n. 灯）灯）soon dinner was ready. my father soon dinner was ready. my father turned off the turned off the lightslights（n. n. 灯）灯）and and lightedlighted（v.v.点燃点燃 ）the candles on the cake which the candles on the cake which litlit up up （v.v.照亮，照亮， 使明亮）使明亮）the room. the room. lightlight music music（轻音乐）（轻音乐） was was played. i prayed for my dream. when i opened played. i prayed for my dream. when i opened my eyes, the my eyes, the lightslights（n. n. 灯）灯） were on again. in my were on again. in my mothers hand lay a present which was a mothers hand lay a present which was a lightlight（ adj.adj.轻的）轻的） silk scarf with a silk scarf with a lightlight (adj.(adj.浅色的，淡色浅色的，淡色 的的) blue flower in the middle. how beautiful it ) blue flower in the middle. how beautiful it was! how happy i was! was! how happy i was! 3 3、英语解释，明确意义。、英语解释，明确意义。 单词、词组、句子单词、词组、句子 如如m8 unit 3 inventors and inventionsm8 unit 3 inventors and inventions 1.youll know if i succeed by the size of my bank 1.youll know if i succeed by the size of my bank balance.balance. 2. all really big discoveries are the result of 2. all really big discoveries are the result of thought.thought. 3. leave the beaten track occasionally and dive 3. leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the wood. into the wood. 4. bell was an inventor all his life.4. bell was an inventor all his life. 5. the day is coming when telegraph wires will 5. the day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas.be laid on to houses just like water or gas. 4 4 、文化差异，英汉对比。、文化差异，英汉对比。 英汉文化不同，表达方式也不同。为了使学生用英语英汉文化不同，表达方式也不同。为了使学生用英语 时思想通畅，就应把英汉的差异点作为教学的难点和时思想通畅，就应把英汉的差异点作为教学的难点和 重点，进行有针对性的实践练习，达到习惯成自然的重点，进行有针对性的实践练习，达到习惯成自然的 地步。地步。 汉语汉语 英语英语 我的英语好。我的英语好。 im good at english.im good at english. 我的生活好。我的生活好。 im living a happy life.im living a happy life. 我的身体好。我的身体好。 im in good health./ im fine/ well. im in good health./ im fine/ well. 我的视力好。我的视力好。 i have a good eyesight.i have a good eyesight. 我的生意好。我的生意好。 i have good business./ i have good business./ my business is booming./ my business is booming./ im getting on well with my business. im getting on well with my business. 我一切都好。我一切都好。 everything goes on well with me.everything goes on well with me. everything is o.k with me. everything is o.k with me. 5 5 、搭配不同，复用举例。、搭配不同，复用举例。 英语中有许多同义词在与其他词使用的规则上或在英语中有许多同义词在与其他词使用的规则上或在 适用的句式和位置分配上往往有约定俗成的适用的句式和位置分配上往往有约定俗成的“ “习惯习惯 用法用法” ”，如果将它们所组合的词组或句子排列起来，如果将它们所组合的词组或句子排列起来 加以比较，学生对它们的概念就会更清楚。加以比较，学生对它们的概念就会更清楚。 如：如：gaingain (full marks, honour, experience, (full marks, honour, experience, respect); respect); earn earn (wage, a living, bread, a reputation, (wage, a living, bread, a reputation, admiration, respect ); admiration, respect ); winwin (a prize, a war, a match, a victory) (a prize, a war, a match, a victory) beat beat (sb, a team, a class, a school, an army, (sb, a team, a class, a school, an army, the world record. )the world record. ) defeatdefeat (sb, a team, the enemy, her hopes of (sb, a team, the enemy, her hopes of election)election) 6 6、一句多译，曲折表达。、一句多译，曲折表达。 他是班上最好的学生。他是班上最好的学生。 he is the best student in the class.he is the best student in the class. he is better than anyone else / any other he is better than anyone else / any other student in the class.student in the class. he is better than any of the other he is better than any of the other students / all the other students in the students / all the other students in the class.class. nobody else in the class is as good as nobody else in the class is as good as he.he. he is ahead of any other student in the he is ahead of any other student in the class.class. 二、词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程二、词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程 （二）词汇教学主题化（二）词汇教学主题化丰富词汇，强化运用丰富词汇，强化运用 1 1、头脑风暴，思维辐射。、头脑风暴，思维辐射。 课文中每个话题都可列出许许多多与话题有课文中每个话题都可列出许许多多与话题有 关的词、词组、句式、相关文章等等。关的词、词组、句式、相关文章等等。 进行进行 大量输入，反复刺激，不但使学生巩固词汇大量输入，反复刺激，不但使学生巩固词汇 ，使他们有话可说，而且能为写作作好铺垫，使他们有话可说，而且能为写作作好铺垫 。如话题。如话题disasterdisaster 说出很多相关的词汇：说出很多相关的词汇：earthquake, flood, earthquake, flood, drought, typhoon, hurricane, fire, volcano drought, typhoon, hurricane, fire, volcano eruption, storm, snow storm, sand storm, eruption, storm, snow storm, sand storm, thunder storm, landslide, avalanchethunder storm, landslide, avalanche（雪崩，山（雪崩，山 崩）崩）,mountain landslide,mountain landslide（山体滑坡）（山体滑坡）, torrential , torrential rainrain（山洪，暴雨）（山洪，暴雨）, tsunami., tsunami. 利用联想找出许多与利用联想找出许多与natural disasternatural disaster有有“ “牵连牵连” ”的动的动 词、词组等。词、词组等。（下面例略）（下面例略） 由这些现象想到各种原因与结果的相关词汇，由这些现象想到各种原因与结果的相关词汇， 由结果联想到相应的人为原因的词汇，由结果联想到相应的人为原因的词汇， 针对这些现象可采取哪些措施的词汇等等。针对这些现象可采取哪些措施的词汇等等。 转入话题讨论转入话题讨论 语义场理论在词汇教学学习中运用的语义场理论在词汇教学学习中运用的 主要策略主要策略 1.1.大脑风暴大脑风暴 2.2.建立语义网络建立语义网络 3.3.建立概念图 1 1、大脑风暴、大脑风暴 2 2、建立语义网络、建立语义网络 3 3、建立概念图、建立概念图 建立概念图 建立概念图 unit1book3unit1book3词汇教学过程词汇教学过程 1.1.以以“ “festivalfestival” ”为核心激活原有词汇为核心激活原有词汇 2.2.以以 “ “festivalfestival” ”为核心建立概念图为核心建立概念图 3.3.以以 “ “valentines dayvalentines day” ” 为主题展开联想为主题展开联想 4.4.词汇产出运用词汇产出运用 buy necessities for the festival festival tv gala set off firecrackers clothing dress up feast lucky money holiday play computer games day and night gifts celebration gather/get together festival the spring festival tomb-sweeping day the dragon-boat festival the mid-autumn festival the chinese lunar new year seasonal festival celebrate the arrival of spring rain heavily grave / tomb in memory of ancestors incense fire disaster get together agricultural produce harvest mooncake moonlight quyuan/ poet boat-racing zongzi cross talk festival the spring festival tv gala dancing pop music-jay chou magicliu qian-play tricks comedy-xiao shenyan acrobatics festival christmas day valentines day fools day hallowee n treat or trick dress up as witches and ghosts fool play tricks parade turkey wine santa claus religious origin christian jesus christmas tree happy/sad beauty dress up date candy lover rose/rosebud festival chinese festivals foreign festivals the spring festival tomb-sweeping day play games day and night poet feast/starve the arrival of spring get together agricultural produce celebrate harvest lover the dragon boot festival the mid-autumn festival the chinese lumar new year seasonal festival buy necessities for it clothing set off firecrackers get together/gather in memory of quyuan ancestors grave incense in memory of rose/rosebud witch dress up ghost treat or trick religious origin jesus beauty happy sad fool play tricks on parade dress up christian santa claus feast wine turkey valentines day fools day halloween christmas day valentines day a worldwide holiday double seventh day celebration the herd boy the weaving girl (weave wove woven) the goddess of heaven the milky way magpie a story of sadness exchange gifts have candle dinner rose/ card/chocolate/candy love ring/watch/tie/love band coffee shop/turn up/rosebud hold his breath/keep her word drown his sadness in wine/ apologize/smile/hug 2 2 、激发兴趣，话题讨论。、激发兴趣，话题讨论。 话题讨论是词汇理解与运用的突破口。教话题讨论是词汇理解与运用的突破口。教 材中每一单元都有一个中心话题以及相关材中每一单元都有一个中心话题以及相关 词汇。因此，教师课前要有效导入，引出词汇。因此，教师课前要有效导入，引出 重点词汇，课中要围绕重点，以话题为主重点词汇，课中要围绕重点，以话题为主 线，理顺逻辑，层层推进。线，理顺逻辑，层层推进。 例：例： unit 2 m8 cloningunit 2 m8 cloning what do you know about cloning? what do you know about cloning? (definition, kinds of cloning, benefits, (definition, kinds of cloning, benefits, questions, etc.)questions, etc.) retell the procedures of sheep cloningretell the procedures of sheep cloning is cloning good or bad? is cloning good or bad? describing a place/ buildingdescribing a place/ building brainstorming: words relevant to a place brainstorming: words relevant to a place or buildingor building n. n. 相关名胜、建筑、可欣赏的项目等相关名胜、建筑、可欣赏的项目等 v. v. 如何旅游、看、欣赏如何旅游、看、欣赏 adj. adj. fascinating, charming, superb, wonderful, fascinating, charming, superb, wonderful, fantastic, terrific, gorgeous, break-taking, fantastic, terrific, gorgeous, break-taking, spellbinding, famous, well-known, spellbinding, famous, well-known, amazing, magnificent, huge, pretty, grand, amazing, magnificent, huge, pretty, grand, beautiful, oddly-shaped, curiously-shaped, beautiful, oddly-shaped, curiously-shaped, excellent, popular, interesting, attractive, excellent, popular, interesting, attractive, exciting, thrilling, impressive, delighting, exciting, thrilling, impressive, delighting, spectacular, modern, historical, cultural spectacular, modern, historical, cultural expressionsexpressions（英语同步阅读与写作英语同步阅读与写作葛炳芳）葛炳芳） location location lies/ stands/ near/ behind/ in front of/ by the lies/ stands/ near/ behind/ in front of/ by the side of/between/ amongside of/between/ among is situated/ located in/ on/ to/ atis situated/ located in/ on/ to/ at there stands/ sits / lies/ exists/ live there stands/ sits / lies/ exists/ live surroundingssurroundings is located/ situated onis located/ situated on the west of the lake/ the west of the lake/ to to the east of the mountain/ the east of the mountain/ in in the east of the the east of the provinceprovince west ofwest of the city stands a tall building. the city stands a tall building. its about its about 40 km northeast of 40 km northeast of surrounded bysurrounded by mountains on three sides, the mountains on three sides, the small village small village facesfaces a clear river on the east. a clear river on the east. vancouver vancouver is surrounded byis surrounded by mountains on the mountains on the north and east and the pacific on the west.north and east and the pacific on the west. populationpopulation has a small/ large population ofhas a small/ large population of acountry acountry with a population ofwith a population of percent of the population here arepercent of the population here are areaarea tianan men square, the largest square in the tianan men square, the largest square in the world, world, covers/ has/ occupies an area ofcovers/ has/ occupies an area of tianan men square, tianan men square, covering an area ofcovering an area of is is the largest square in the world.the largest square in the world. the square is 2,000 metres the square is 2,000 metres longlong and 1,500 and 1,500 metres metres widewide. . our school, which our school, which takes uptakes up 63 square 63 square kilometres, is very large kilometres, is very large in sizein size. . history history has a history of over has a history of over awith a long awith a long history.history. is years old. / dates back to/ dates fromis years old. / dates back to/ dates from places of interestplaces of interest in there are many places of interest, such as / in there are many places of interest, such as / likelike is one of the most well-known places of interest is one of the most well-known places of interest in the world.in the world. is known as a paradise foris known as a paradise for is like a beautiful landscape painting is like a beautiful landscape painting is a feast for the eyes.is a feast for the eyes. was built in memory of/ in the style / shape ofwas built in memory of/ in the style / shape of it is a wise choice/ alternative to,it is a wise choice/ alternative to, get the itch to travel, feel the urge to get the itch to travel, feel the urge to benefitsbenefits a trip to will give you a glimpse of a trip to will give you a glimpse of a tour ofwill broaden your horizons.a tour ofwill broaden your horizons. a walk through the downtown is a history a walk through the downtown is a history lesson and an adventure.lesson and an adventure. the perfect place for a walk/ swim/ surf the perfect place for a walk/ swim/ surf enjoy / have/ get a beautiful/ superb view ofenjoy / have/ get a beautiful/ superb view of overlooking the broad st. lawrence riveroverlooking the broad st. lawrence river be fascinated by the oddly-shaped hills and be fascinated by the oddly-shaped hills and peaks along the river and also reflects in the peaks along the river and also reflects in the clear water.clear water. a lively mix of an old village culture and the a lively mix of an old village culture and the excitement of an international area.excitement of an international area. offer a variety of entertainment, a wide range ofoffer a variety of entertainment, a wide range of 三、词汇教学渗透过程，强化学生运用能力三、词汇教学渗透过程，强化学生运用能力 用中学词汇用中学词汇词汇教学，过程体现，听说词汇教学，过程体现，听说 读写，反复运用读写，反复运用 1 1 、突出重点，梯度体现。、突出重点，梯度体现。 单元词汇教学过程要注意梯度性。单元词汇教学过程要注意梯度性。单元词汇单元词汇 教学应分轻重缓急，保证突出重点，分散难教学应分轻重缓急，保证突出重点，分散难 点，在不同的活动中处理词汇。如在听力中点，在不同的活动中处理词汇。如在听力中 的词汇应在听力练习过程中教学，阅读中的的词汇应在听力练习过程中教学，阅读中的 词汇要在阅读过程中体现。词汇要在阅读过程中体现。 2 2 、有效导入，反复呈现。、有效导入，反复呈现。 模块小结中单词均与主题相关。模块小结中单词均与主题相关。 在听、说、在听、说、 读、写各项技能训练之前，通过有效导入，读、写各项技能训练之前，通过有效导入， 明确地将要学习或复现的生词呈现出来，便明确地将要学习或复现的生词呈现出来，便 于学生在具体的语言练习操作中学习掌握。于学生在具体的语言练习操作中学习掌握。 3 3、听说读写，紧密结合。、听说读写，紧密结合。 词汇练习与各项技能训练紧密结合，不孤立词汇练习与各项技能训练紧密结合，不孤立 训练单词。训练单词。 vocabulary and listening vocabulary and listening vocabulary and speakingvocabulary and speaking vocabulary and readingvocabulary and reading vocabulary and grammarvocabulary and grammar vocabulary and writingvocabulary and writing 阅读依托阅读依托 1 1）猜测词义）猜测词义 2 2）课文复述）课文复述 3 3）突出重点）突出重点 4 4）纵横联系）纵横联系 课后综合课后综合 每上完一个单元，都要求学生利用本每上完一个单元，都要求学生利用本 单元词汇进行小组讨论编成片段，批改单元词汇进行小组讨论编成片段，批改 后加以点评，表扬优秀小组、创新小组后加以点评，表扬优秀小组、创新小组 ，并及时展览。，并及时展览。 go hiking go hiking 高二（高二（1616）班）班 沈佳佳、金飞婷、董桂丽、沈梦骅、沈佳佳、金飞婷、董桂丽、沈梦骅、 王飞、徐天骅王飞、徐天骅 this spring ithis spring i went on a hikewent on a hike with my family. we with my family. we had a great daya day of had a great daya day of pure magicpure magic. i. i thought thought it was the most it was the most fantasticfantastic thing i had ever done. thing i had ever done. we we set outset out in the early morning for our in the early morning for our destination a mountain. we really destination a mountain. we really had a good had a good viewview on the way to the top of the mountain. on the way to the top of the mountain. at at the foot of the mountainthe foot of the mountain, we found green , we found green grasses grasses sticking outsticking out their heads out of the hard their heads out of the hard black soil and black soil and a variety ofa variety of colourful flowers colourful flowers showing their pretty shapes.showing their pretty shapes. i especially loved little red flowers. little buds i especially loved little red flowers. little buds and new leaves and new leaves came out ofcame out of the trees. the trees . with with warm wind blowing gentlywarm wind blowing gently, , all the grasses, all the grasses, flowers and leaves flowers and leaves bowed tobowed to us as if they us as if they were welcoming us.were welcoming us. as we went h