从异化与归化谈影视翻译.txt

10384_200304047 udc_foreignization and domestication ine-c audio-visual translation黯20064200 涨棬档涨1顣2 abstractiabstractchina has a long translation history and has formed its own system of translationtheories.however,compared with literary works translation,audio-visual translation isa very new field,and little attention has been paid to it.with a great deal of foreignaudio-visual products pouring into china,it has become an urgent task to improve thequality of audio-visual translation.while audio-visual translation plays an importantrole in entertaining the general public,it also shoulders the significant task inpromoting cultural exchange and enhancing cultural understanding.the author of this paper conducts a tentative study in audio-visual translation fromthe angle of domestication and foreignization.chapter one points out the importance of improving the quality of audio-visualtranslation and analyzes the history and present situation of audio-visual translation inchina.chapter two is an analysis of the two types of audio-visual translation and theirrespective constraints.chapter three is an elaboration on the characteristics ofaudio-visual translation.chapter four is about the relationship between audio-visualtranslation and culture,and it introduces the most debatable pair of translating methods,namely domestication and foreignization.chapter five is a specific analysis of the twostrategies and their most famous representatives:eugene a.nida and lawrence venuti.in chapter six,the author advocates that the translation of language form,humorouselements,and way of expression should be domesticated in e-c audio-visualtranslation to ensure easy understanding by target language audiences,whiletranslation of religious elements should be foreignized to ensure the foreign flavor andto promote cultural exchange.in the translation of fixed proverbs and phrases,thisthesis holds that it all depends on the transcriptscontext.as long as no strongtraditional chinese image is created,domestication method can be a good choice.withregard to movie and tv series title translation,this thesis holds that the two strategies foreignization and domestication in e-c audio-visual translationiishould complement each other according to the characteristics of the original titles.in conclusion,a good audio-visual translation should be one that can let the targetlanguage audience get the same enjoyment and entertainment as the audience of thesource language,and enable them to experience new and different cultures.foreignization and domestication can co-exist and complement each other.onetranslating method is not enough to cover such an extensive field as audio-visualtranslation.key words:audio-visual translation;foreignization;domestication;targetlanguage audience;source language audience iii,浣黯黯塢黯黯棬黯黯黯;黯; foreignization and domestication in e-c audio-visual translationivcontentsabstracti.iiichapter one introduction11.1 the importance of foreign movies and tv series in chinese peoples life11.2 the history and present situation of e-c audio-visual translation in china.2chapter two types of e-c audio-visual translation.92.1 voice dubbing.92.2 the constraints of voice dubbing102.3 subtitling.122.4 the constraints of subtitling13chapter three the characteristics of e-c audio-visual.14translation.143.1 the characteristics of listening.143.2 the characteristics of comprehensiveness143.3 the characteristics of instantaneousness163.4 the characteristics of popularity163.5 the characteristics of no footnotes17chapter four culture and audio-visual translation194.1 cultural turn.194.2 e-c audio-visual translation as a cross cultural activity204.3 translatability of culture204.4 untranslatability of culture214.5 cultural differences and translation methods.23chapter five brief introduction to foreignization anddomestication.265.1 domestication and its representative nida265.2 foreignization and its representative venuti325.3 the necessity of combining domestication and foreignization in e-caudio-visual translation.35chapter six domestication and foreignization in e-c audio-visualtranslation.38 contentsv6.1 domestication of language form,way of expression and humorous elementsin e-c audio-visual translation.386.2 foreignization and domestication of movie and tv series title in e-caudio-visual translation456.3 foreignization of religious expressions in e-c audio-visual translation516.4 domestication and foreignization of proverbs and fixed expressions in e-caudio-visual translation57chapter seven conclusion63bibliography65acknowledgements.68 foreignization and domestication in e-c audio-visual translationvi11.1.11.2.2.102.1.102.2.112.3.132.414153.1153.2.153.3.173.4173.5.18204.1204.2.214.3214.422 vii4.5.24黯265.1黯.275.2.335.3黯.37黯.416.1黯.416.2黯.466.3.536.4黯.5964.6669 chapter one introduction1chapter one introduction1.1 the importance of foreign movies and tv series in chinesepeoples lifewith the opening-up policy being carried out in china,a large number of foreignmovies and tv series have been introduced into china.during the last few decades,thanks to the high technology of different electrical appliances,such as dvd,vcdand computer downloading technology,people can get whatever movies or tv seriesthey want very easily and in quick speed.some of the movies or tv series even havethe same impact in china as in their own countries,such astitanic,waterloobridgeandthe lion king.some of the lines have become classic lines that manychinese know.these foreign movies or tv series bring us not only laughter or tearsbut also culture and life of a completely different country.we can gradually understandtheir sense of humor and their way of dealing things,which we may not haveunderstood before watching them.these things are helpful not only in culturalexchange but in doing business,because only through understanding each othersculture,can people eliminate the differences and misunderstandings between eachother.our government has also put a great deal of attention to this field.the foreigntv series program of cctv 8 is very popular today,and many people stay up verylate to watch these tv series,and on campus,everybody knowsfriends,and thesense of humor in this movie amuses a whole generation.students often imitate thegestures and facial expressions of the actors and actresses.they also quote the linesthat constantly appear in the tv series.therefore it is very important to ensure that theimported foreign movies or tv series are healthy and in high quality.only in that waycan we guarantee that these movies and tv series not only entertain the young peoplebut also influence them in a good way.the content of the movies and tv series,the foreignization and domestication in e-c audio-visual translation2acting skills of the actors and the actresses and some other factors are very importantfor attracting audiences at home and abroad.however,for a foreign movie or tvseries,there is one important factor that affects the quality of foreign movies or tvseries.it is the translation of the movie and tv series.sometimes,translation canmake a good movie or tv series far less interesting.for example,the tv seriesdesperate housewives,which is now being played on cctv 8 international tvseries program.in the authors opinion,the translation of the tv series makes thehumor in it far less interesting and the fake voices of the dubbing actors in it make thewhole series seem weird.however,the translated lines offriendsare as excellentand impressive as the original lines,although there is more or less transformation orcultural loss in the process of translating due to cultural and language differences.the author takes advantage of the existing theories and conducts a tentative studyin the field of audio-visual translation.the next part of this thesis is an elaboration on the history and present situation ofe-c audio-visual translation.1.2 the history and present situation of e-c audio-visual translation inchinamost chinese born before 1980s have deep impressions of dubbed movies or tvseries classics such asjane eyre,waterloo bridge,zorroand many others.they remember them as natural that the foreign heroes or heroines in the movies speakchinese and they are also accustomed to the voices that belong to the dubbing actors.however,few people know that chinas dubbing industry has gone through a longhistory filled with difficulties and hardships.the major focus of the early silent movies was the characters action,and theactors lines were put in the written form of inter-titles in the target language,so nomatter which country produced the silent movie,the movie could be shared by viewersof different countries.however,with the appearance of sound motion pictures,the chapter one introduction3expression of emotion,the exposure of conflicts and the development of plots,to acertain degree,can all be reflected by charactersaudible monologue or dialogue.ofcourse,it is impossible for such movies to be understood in a foreign country where adifferent language is spoken and used.it is just at this time that dubbing emerged.foreign sound movies that are dubbed in the native language of the target audience arecalled dubbed movies(they were called translated movies in china during the 1950s).in order to make their movies understood and accepted by foreign audiences so as toexpand their overseas market and make more profits,many western movie productioncompanies set up movie dubbing bases in some foreign countries.metro-goldwyn-mayer(mgm)once established its moviecdubbing base in franceand italy where local translators were employed to finish the dubbing process.today,countries like italy,germany,russia,china and many other countries have built uptheir own movie dubbing institutions.movie translation was introduced into china atthe end of 1940s,much later than the western countries that pioneered in this field inthe early 1920s.movie and tv series translation opens a window for the chinesepeople to learn from the outside world,to get to know people from different culturesand races,and to communicate with them.at the beginning of the 20thcentury,even before china developed the movie andtv series industry of its own,a large number of movies from europe and america hadoverwhelmed its market.at that time,as the movies in the cinema were all silentmovies,the dubbing process was not needed,but translation was still necessary toenable the audience to understand the development of the movie plot.in the first tenyears of the 20thcentury,with the introduction of sound pictures,when a foreign moviewas shown,the chinese audience could read its synopsis printed out by the cinema toknow the story.in 1922,shanghai peacock movie company pioneered to makeforeign movies shown with chinese subtitles.the audience could read the subtitlespresented in slides to learn about the content of the foreign movie.the first translatoremployed to provide chinese subtitles for the foreign movie was a chinese namedcheng shuren who once studied the subjects related to movie production in america. foreignization and domestication in e-c audio-visual translation4after the example set by peacock movie company,many other movie companies alsofollowed to employ those chinese people who had a good command of english tomake chinese subtitles for foreign movies.at that time,those people were known asmovie translators.after subtitles presented in slides,there appeared the third waveof foreign movie translation in china.it was the importation ofearphonesfromamerica by the grand theatre of shanghai(da guang min theatre).when a foreignmovie was shown,the viewers,without knowledge of the source language,could justput on the earphones to listen to the chinese explanation of the foreign movie storyand the chinese version of the dialogues between characters.as what the audienceheard from the earphones was usually a very gentle female voice,they called itmissearphones().however,at that time,the majority of chinese people stillcould not enjoy the novelty of watching a foreign movie with the help of earphones.one reason is the financial factor.cinemas needed a large amount of money on theimported earphone equipment,so only few cinemas could afford it.another reason isthe high ticket price paid to see a foreign movie at an earphone-equipped cinema.onjanuary 8th1948,the italian moviean unforgettable dancewas translated anddubbed by a group of overseas chinese led by a person named wang wentao.duringthe translating and dubbing process,they wrote down the length of every line of thedialogues,translated them into chinese,matched the mouth movement of the twoversions and arranged different dubbers to rehearse the chinese dubbing for the movie.the movie was first shown at shanghai theatre.from then on,a new type of movie inwhich foreign actors and actresses spoke chinese came into being.but the movie stillcould not be regarded as the first dubbed movie in china in the real sense,because allthe people in the production team were overseas chinese.china needed dubbedmovies independently produced by chinese themselves.during chinas war of liberation,a great number of progressive movies made bythe former soviet union were shown in the liberated areas.the audience had to readthe subtitles presented by slide show or listen to the projectionist briefly explaining themovie plot from a loudspeaker.therefore,it can be said that before liberation,china chapter one introduction5had no dubbed movies of her own.changchun movie studio is known asthe cradleof new chinas movies.the studio was founded on the basis ofmanchou movieassociation co.ltd.on 1 october 1946 when the war of liberation was underwayafter the victory of the anti-japanese war.as the first base for movie productionestablished by the communist party of china,it was initially named northeast moviestudio and renamed changchun movie studio in february 1955.after eight monthstoilsome work under extremely difficult conditions,changchun movie studiotranslated and dubbed a movie from the former soviet union,an ordinary soldierwhich was released in may,1949,and the first dubbed movie in china in the real sense.from 1951 to 1965,433 movies from 25 countries were dubbed by that studio.amongthem were indiastramp,egypts loyalty,britainsmillion pound note,czechsgood soldier shreker,romanias waves of the danube river,the ussrschapayev and resurrection,etc.even today,these movies are still remembered fortheir high dubbing quality.in november 1949,a specialized department for moviedubbing was established in shanghai movies studio.borrowing the dubbingexperience gained by the northeast movie studio,the movie-dubbing departmen