现代大学英语精读5 重点paraphrase 单词总结.docx

lesson 1paraphrase1. .when i suggested that this behavior might be grounds for sending the student on a brief vacation. (para 14)one student had some radical comments on the authors class and the author got a little bit angry so that he suggested the school should suspend the students schooling. but the dean of students thought the author was just too annoyed.the story the speaker tells the audience here is hilarious, but not to be taken seriously. in the united states, university students do write about their professors on their blogsand write evaluations of their courses, critiquing their professors teaching skills. so a student could have criticized the speaker for teaching a boring class and the speaker might defend himself by saying that he had a cold. but the story is basically all fantasy. the speakers serious point may be that students expect professors to entertain them; the professors who are good entertainers receive high evaluations, but the criterion is superficial. less flashy teachers who think deeply can be the ones from whom the students learn the most.2. black limousines pulled up in front of his office and disgorged decorously suited negotiators. (para.16)these were obviously officials from that countrys embassy sent to negotiate with the professor about this case. the whole thing had become a tough diplomatic issue.3. did my pal fold? nope, hes not the type. but he did not enjoy the process. (para.16)did my friend back down? no, he is not the type of person who will easily give up his principles under pressure. but he did not like the experience he had to endure. this again is an interesting anecdote, but not a very good example, because the student involved is too special.4. the idea that a university education really should have no substantial content, should not be about what john keats was disposed to call soul-making, is one that you might think professors and university presidents would be discreet about. (para. 19)professors and presidents do not think the content of the courses really matters much, because they are soon forgotten anyway. it shouldnt be about soul-making either. the speaker is surprised that professors and presidents are actually by and large quite frank about what they think are the aims of education. they do not hide their views because they do not feel embarrassed. soul-making: moral cultivation, character-building, and intellectual developmentdiscreet: careful about keeping/preventing something from being known or noticed by many people 言语谨慎的，说话小心不让人抓辫子的5. and common sense is something to respect, though not quitepeace unto the formidable burketo revere. (para. 28)常识是应该尊重的东西，但不一定崇拜希望其令人钦佩的伯克先生别生气。6. i learned that if i wanted to affirm any consequential ideal, i had to talk my way past freud. (para. 34)since freud had a very profound understanding in psychology, anytime when the author tries to state his point of view, he will use freuds opinions to exam his own view, so that the author can get his point of view affirmed or improved. to affirm any consequential ideal: to declare my firm belief in any important idealto talk my way past freud: to deal with freuds views and successfully argue with/refute him before (i can declare my belief in that ideal)7. 1.its been said that raising a child effectively takes a village: well, as you may have noticed, our american village is not in very good shape. (para. 2) there is an old saying that it takes the collective effort of a whole village to raise a child properly, that is, the whole village is responsible for the healthy upbringing of a child.our american village is not in very good shape: note that the speaker is talking about any traditional american village? he is using the word village in a metaphorical sense, taking it to mean the country.8. brodheadseems to take as his educational touchstone the duke of wellingtons percept that the battle of waterloo was won on the playing fields of eton.(老师讲的试卷答案 不确定)brodhead has a strong belief that what matters in education is outside-class activities, and he takes it as his educational touchstone.9. youll also, if my father and i are right, be truly and righteously screwed. (para. 24) truly and righteously screwed: truly cheated and ruined，and yet you cant blame anybody.lesson 4paraphrase1. .in that profession there are fewer experiences for women than in any other, with the exception of the stage. (1)我的专业是文学，而在这个专业中，妇女的特殊经历比其他专业中妇女面临的特殊经历要少，舞台艺术是个例外。other professions, such as science, medicine, law, are newer for women, and therefore the road is harder for them, with more experiences peculiar to them. the profession of drama is an exception. like literature, drama also involves more women than other professions. 老师上课讲的意思和课本上的讲解完全相反 这里给的是课本上的讲解2. no demand was made upon the family purse. (1)there was no need for a writer to spend much of the family money in order to write.here, the word purse in which money is put stands for money, financial circumstances. 3 in those days - the last of queen victoria - every house had its angel. (3)this sentence can be interpreted on two levels. on the first level, in the last days of queen victoria, every house had a woman like that, who was sympathetic, charming, unselfish and above all pure. on a deeper level, in the last period of the reign of queen victoria, the belief that every woman should be sympathetic, charming, unselfish, and above all, pure was prevalent in english society. 4 be sympathetic; be tender; flatter; deceive; use all the arts and wiles of our sex. (3)as soon as the author began to write her review, she seemed to hear a voice telling her what to do. to be sympathetic means to understand the mind of men and not to disagree with them. to be tender means she must not be too harsh in her criticism. to flatter, she must praise the book in an insincere way in order to please the reading public. to deceive indicates that she could not write what she really thought; she would have to tell lies instead of telling the truth.the author is urged to use the tricks known to the female sex because a woman has to do so in order to be successful in a male-dominated profession. 5 her fictitious nature was of great assistance to her. (3)the phantom or the angel in the house is not a real person. the author is only personifying it. it does not have a physical form. in fact it is a mental image and has an imaginary nature. it is far more difficult to deal with a phantom than a reality. the reason is explained in the next sentence.她的虚幻本质给她帮了大忙：杀死一个幽灵远比杀死一个真人要困难得多。6 for though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, i dout that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women. (5)it was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions. but if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. and i do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do i believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women.severity: the quality or condition of being severe; strictness, harshness. words and expressions1. constitute (3)(1) to make up or form somethingtwelve months constitute one year.women take up 70% of the student body at the college.meaningful letters or characters that constitute readable matter.(2) to be the same as sth., to be equivalent to sth.the court determined that the search of their house constituted to violation of their rights.failing to complete the work constitutes a breach of the employment contract.(3) to establish or create(an organization) usually used as to be constitutedthe recently constituted government will hold elections in may.2. befall (3&5): if something unpleasant or dangerous befalls you, it happens to you.bad luck may befall to anyone at any time.we prayed that no harm should befall them.its sad to think of the unhappy fate that befell them.nobody can predict the misery that may befall humankind.3. nose about (5): to look around a place, often in order to find something, especially something private or hidden, to meddle or pry.i caught him nosing around in my office.they are always nosing about in other peoples business.he was always nosing about the kitchen, looking in all the cupboards for something to eat.ill go and nose about for more news.dont nose about in other peoples affairs. 4. impede (5)(1) be a hindrance or obstacle tohe claims that the economic growth is impeded by government regulations.they were accused of impeding the administration of justice.nothing can impede his progress.the muddy roads impede our journey.(2) impedimenthe has a speech impediment.5. on the verge of(5): to be at the point where something is about to happen.she was on the verge of telling all the secret.jess seemed on the verge of tears.its an event which left her on the verge of a nervous breakdown.the company is on the verge of bankruptcy.they were on the verge of tears at parting.edge, border, margin, rim, verge, brim, fringe这些名词均有边，边缘之意。edge:普通用词，指较窄的边沿。cutting-edge=state of the art技术发展最前沿的border:侧重刚好在界线内的一部分表面上，指较宽的边缘，也可指边缘本身。margin:指物体的空白边，一般较宽。rim:指圆形或有曲线的物体的边缘。verge:指明显地标志一个表在或一广阔空间的边界，或终端线，也指极狭窄的空间。常用作比喻。brim:指深容器的内边或河、湖等水域的最高线。brim over溢出fringe:指地毯的须边、围巾的花边、烫发的卷边或人群的边缘。6. nominal (7)(1) existing in the name only, not actual or real.he was the nominal head of the party.her title of vice president had been nominal only.she charged only a nominal fee for her work.the chairman is only the nominal ruler of the country.(2) nominal value/rate/income etc.if prices keep rising and the nominal wage remains constant, the real wage falls.(3) very small in amounthis involvement was nominal.they charged a nominal fee in the service.7. loom (7)(1) appear in a large unclear shape, especially in a threatening wayloom up/out/aheadsuddenly a mountain loomed up in front of them.(2) if a problem or difficulty looms, its likely to happen very soon. loom large.an economic crisis is looming large in his mind.fear of failure loomed large in his mind.rising tuition costs loom large in the minds of many parents.the candles alight in the room made all things without doors loom strange.food shortages loom in some parts of africa. lesson 5 paraphrase1.a nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs. (para. 5)1)ellipsis. he is a nice enough young fellow, you understand, but there is nothing upstairs.2)nothing upstairs: (american slang) empty-headed; a nitwit. a british slang equivalent might be unfurnished in the upper story.2. my brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (20)1)mixed metaphor, comparing at the same time the narrators brain to a precision instrument and also to a machine that has gears.2)paraphrase: my brain, which is as precise as a chemists scales, began to work at high speed.3)slipped into high gear: began to work at high speed or efficiency. a machine is in high gear when the arrangement or gears provide the greatest speed. (s: but little power?) 3. but i was not one to let my heart rule my head.(23)paraphrase: she was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but i would not let feelings and emotions get the upper hand over reason and good sense. to let my heart rule my head: metonymy. heart stands for feelings and emotions and head for reason and good sense.4. she was not yet of pin-up proportions, . she already had the makings. (25)paraphrase: she was not yet as attractive as the women displayed on wall posters, but i felt sure that, given time, she would become just as glamorous. (s: actually, i expect this refers only to the size of her breasts.)she already had all the physical qualities needed for developing into a very beautiful woman.pin-up: (american colloquialism) a poster showing a sex symbol, designed to be displayed on a wall proportion: lines, shape of the bodysupply the lack: supply what is wanting. the narrator implies that time will give her a perfect figure. but he deliberately avoids using explicit words describing female physical attractions. (s: yes.)makings: the material or qualities needed for the making or development of something5. she had an erectness of carriage. the best of breeding. (26)1)carriage and bearing are synonymous. bearing, in the context, denotes manner of carrying or conducting oneself and refers to characteristic physical and mental posture. carriage also applies to posture, specifically stresses the physical aspects of a persons bearing, e.g. an erect carriage.2)translation: 她亭亭玉立、体态优雅，这一切都表明她出身高贵。6. in fact she veered in the opposite direction. (27)paraphrase: in fact, she went in the opposite direction. this is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid.veer: to change direction; to shift; to turn or swing around7. if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (34)1)metaphor, comparing the competing for friendship to an athletic event.2)paraphrase: if youre no longer dating her, others would be free to court her.3)out of the picture: not considered as involved in a situation4)field: an area where games or athletic events are held5)open: free to take part or compete in (games being held in the field)8. its just been a causal kick-just a few laughs, thats all. (55)1)a final reason that eases peteys conscience. we occasionally went out for a bit of fun, thats all.2)casual kick: (american colloquialism) an occasional pleasure; a casual relationship; a passing affair; not a serious commitment9. one thing i will say for this girl: you would go far to find another so agreeable. (63)paraphrase: it is not at all easy to find a girl so agreeable.translation: 这么可爱的人可不容易找。10. still, im nothing if not persistent. (79)this is a case of a double negative making a positive. i am very persistent. translation: 我要是意志不坚定，我就不是我了。11. there is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (115)paraphrase: there is a limit to what any human being can bear.flesh and blood: synecdoche, material for the thing made.12. i determined to acquaint her with my feeling at our very next meeting. (125)13. i ground my teeth. i was not pygmalion; i was frankenstein. (138)this action shows extreme exasperation, but the narrator was still trying hard to control his rising temper.1)have sb. by the throat: attack by seizing and squeezing ones throat2)the narrator makes two well-chosen allusions - to pygmalion and to frankenstein. he planned to be pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for himself, but he becomes frankenstein for polly (his student) who (s:?) ultimately rejects him (her teacher).words and expressions1. pedantic (paragraph 3)pedant: a person who annoys other people by correcting small errors.a dull pedanta pedantic insistence on following rules exactly. 墨守成规be pedantic about: be very particular aboutsome people can be very pedantic about punctuation.it was pedantic rather than reasonable, just to the point of being grotesque.he is learned, but neither stuffy nor pedantic.2. submit (5)submit an application/claim/proposal etc.derek has agreed to submit to questioning they refused to submit to the unjust decision.he submitted unwillingly to his mother.submit that.= the way sb. looks at it.i submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in the case.3. flight (8)(1) a formation of aircraft in flightthe flight of a bullet/baseball/rocket to the moonan overnight flight/ a translantic flight(2) a stairway (set of steps) between one floor or landing and the nexther apartment is five flights up.he fell down a flight of stairs.(3) the act of escaping physicallythe sound of danger gives wings to his flight.the bandits, hearing steps, took to flight. (4) passing above and beyond ordinary boundsflight of fancy/imagination/fantasy(5) a flock of flying birdsa flight of geesea flight of refugeesa bird in flight4. in the swim (17): at the center of action and up-to-date with the latest information and trends.i dont know about it exactly. i dont think even those who are in the swim can tell you about it.although im retired, voluntary work keeps me in the swim5. covet (23): to have a very strong desire to have something that someone else has.the michelin awards are coveted by restaurants all over the world.his religion warns against coveting material goods.we do not covet anything from any nation.never covet what is not yours, for it is a sin to steal a pin.6. carriage (26)(1) a rail car where passengers ride; a vehicle with wheels drawn by one or more horses(2) characteristic way of bearing ones bodyshe has a supple, graceful carriage.7. go steady (30&147): to have a regular romantic or sexual relationship with a particular person.he asked me if he could go steady with me?he preferred play the field than go steady.8. wax (50)(1) cover with waxhe waxed the car.(2) increase in phase;interest in the story seems to wax and wane depending on other news.her feelings for john wax and wanewhy should the moon have wax and wane?wax sentimental/eloquent/lyrical/nostalgic/poetic etc. abouthe asxed nostalgic about his childhood.= he talked/wrote nostalgically about his childhood.9. bat (70): to hit the ball with a bat in cricket or baseballthe cat batted the balloon with its paws.he was trying to bat the flies away with his newspaperbat ones eyes/eyelashes(usually used to described woman flirting)not bay an eye/eyelid: not seem to be shocked, surprised or embarras