Analysis of the Differences between Chinese Tea Culture and Western Coffee Culture 浅析中国茶文化与西方咖啡文化.doc

analysis of the differences between chinese tea culture and western coffee culture 浅析中国茶文化与西方咖啡文化 分 院 专专 业业 名名 称称 班班 级级 姓姓 名名 指指 导导 教教 师师 2010 年年 10 月月 2 日日 analysis of the differences between chinese tea culture and western coffee culture by supervised by huayu college of henan agricultural university 摘摘 要要 茶和咖啡是世界两大天然非酒精饮料，它们在历史发展中，形成了各自的 文化特征。中国的茶叶艺术博大精深，并且源远流长。西方咖啡文化的特点总 的说来是热情洋溢、奔放自由、简洁随意、快捷方便。茶居首位，咖啡其次， 两者都以各自的特色吸引了大量的爱好者。在市场经济竞争下，还受到商业炒 作的影响而互有消长，两者背后潜藏着的历史文化差异及对其发展趋势的影响， 通常易被忽视。本文对两者起源，种类，制作方法，品尝环境和对人体健康的 优化作用等方面，试作一个多视角的比较。 关键字关键字: 茶；咖啡； 历史；文化；健康 abstract tea and coffee ranked as the first two natural beverages in the world have already cultivated their own culture in the history. the chinese tea is broad and profound and it has a long history. western coffee cultural characteristics of the overall is enthusiastic, bold and unrestrained liberty concise optional quick and convenient .although tea stand first on the list and coffee the second, they both attract their livers uniquely and respectively. owing to the market economy and human competition, they ebb and flow under the influence of diverse historical culture and the trend of development which are easily neglected. the paper tends to comparison between tea and coffee from different origin, classification, making method, tasting environment and the use for peoples health. key words：tea；coffee; history；culture；heath table of contents 摘摘 要要 .3 abstract3 introduction .5 1：the legend of tea and coffee produces .5 1.1 the legend of tea produces5 1.2 the legend of coffee produces.6 2： tea and coffee history.6 2.1 tea origin6 2.1.1 coffee origin.7 2.2 tea history.7 2.2.1 drinking history.8 2.3 coffee history8 2.3.1 drinking history.9 3: the art of drinking.9 3.1 about drinking tea.9 3.1.1 savoring.10 3.1.2 making of tea11 3.2 about drinking coffee.11 3.2.1 aroma12 3.2.2 making of coffee12 4：the classification12 4.1 tea classification.12 black tea13 oolong tea.13 other kinds of tea13 4.2 coffee classifications14 5：functions of tea and coffee.14 5.1 functions of tea.14 5.2 functions of coffee.15 conclusion 15 acknowledgement.15 references.16 introduction tea and coffee are all the most popular drink in the world. many people have the habit of drinking tea or coffee. the chinese tea is broad and profound and it has a long history. long time ago, people found tea can make people spirited and think clearly, so it became one of seven daily necessities. each part of china has its own special type of tea. china is truly the hometown of tea. all tea used in the world now are from china originally. chinese tea culture has the same long history as chinese culture. coffee is as important as tea for chinese. they have similarities and differences. 1：the legend of tea and coffee produces 1.1 the legend of tea produces tea is one of the greatest cultural treasures of chinese civilization. although tea wasnt brought to the western world until 1610, this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that. according to an ancient chinese legend, the emperor shen nung discovered tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire. some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there. the emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. later he decided to taste the hot mixture. it was quite delicious. and in this way, one of the worlds favorite drinks was invented. tea remained in china for centuries, before foreign explorers brought this to an enthusiastic public in europe and other places. tea drinking then became a standard feature of the chinese culture. regions famous for chinese tea in the south have produced much of the worlds tea. china for centuries has been acting as the first nation of tea because of its outstanding products. today, chinese tea must compete against foreign teas from many other places in the world. china has an advantage in this, because of the long history and the quality of her teas. rituals have even appeared in the preparing and drinking of tea. this tea culture places emphasis on the taste and color of the tea as well as on the presentation of the tea set. tea has become more than a mere drink. rather, it is a symbol of the chinese people and culture. 1.2 the legend of coffee produces according to one story, a sheepherder named kaldi noticed the effect of coffee beans as he tended his sheep. he noticed that the sheep became hyperactive after eating the red “cherries“ from a certain plant when they changed pastures. he tried a few of them, and was soon as overactive as his herd. the story relates that a monk happened by and scolded him for “partaking of the devils fruit.“ however the monks soon discovered that this fruit from the shiny green plant could help them stay awake for their prayers. another legend gives us the name for coffee or “mocha.“ an arabian was banished to the desert with his followers to die of starvation. in desperation, omar had his friends boil and eat the fruit from an unknown plant. not only did the broth save the exiles, but the residents of the nearest town. mocha took their survival as a religious sign. the plant and its beverage were named mocha to honor this event. 2： tea and coffee history 2.1 tea origin in a country with the history of five thousand years, the chinese tea drinking habit dated back to the tang dynasty (618-907ad). it became a national tradition and led to development of a delicate tea drinking ritual. over the centuries, poets and artists in china wrote many marvelous masterpieces, in appreciation of tea and chinese peoples constant love of tea drinking .one of the best-known writers is lu yu, who was regarded as the “tea sage ” for he composed the first book on tea. in his classic book, he detailed his studies of tea, such as the origin of tea, tea tools, tea picking, tea cooking, tea ceremony and well-known areas where tea was grown. and the valuable knowledge he recorded has laid foundation for modern tea culture development. 2.1.1 coffee origin the history and development of the beverage that we know as coffee is varied and interesting, involving chance occurrences, political intrigue, and the pursuit of wealth and power. coffee was introduced much later to countries beyond arabia whose inhabitants believed it to be a delicacy and guarded its secret as if they were top secret military plans. the government forbade transportation of the plant out of the moslem nations. the actual spread of coffee was started illegally. one arab named baba budan smuggled beans to some mountains near mysore, india, and started a farm there. early in this century, the descendants of those original plants were found still growing fruitfully in the region. 2.2 tea history “when a guest comes to my home from far away on a cold night, i light bamboo to boil tea to offer him.“ it is a poem from duxiaoshan who is a poet in song dynasty. before the tang dynasty, chinese tea was exported by land and sea, first to japan and korea, then to india and central asia and, in the ming and qing dynasties, to the arabian peninsula. just as coffee became a part of daily life in the west .chinese tea is part of chinese culture. many people likes drinking tea and a lot of kinds of tea have become famous. one can see tea houses scattered on the streets of china. the chinese have such a close relationship with tea that a cultural phenomenon relating to tea is rising up. that the fashion drinking tea had extended all over the country and tea had won the status as national beverage. tea culture is of much elegance. in the contemporary society, tea culture plays a role of enriching cultural and leisure life, promoting the development of tea-related economy and trade, and propelling culture exchange between nations. 2.2.1 drinking history the chinese give great attention to their tea and the way they drink it. people have high requirements for the quality of the prepared tea leaf, the water they use to brew tea and the wares they use to prepare and serve tea. normally, the finest tea is grown at altitudes of 3,000 to 7,000 feet (900 to 2,100 meters). people select their water carefully. the chinese emphasize water quality and water taste. fine water must be pure, sweet, cool, clean, and flowing. water from good springs is always considered best, as is rainwater from autumn and the rainy seasons. chinese prefer pottery wares to wares made of metal or other materials. the best choice is the purple clay wares made in yixing and jingdezhen, jiangsu province. the purple clay of this region gives the wares their internationally-known purple color. 2.3 coffee history the history of coffee is as rich as the brew itself, dating back more than a thousand years. the first coffee plants are said to have come from the horn of africa on the shores of the red sea. originally, coffee beans were taken as a food and not as a beverage. east african tribes would grind the coffee cherries together, mixing the results into a paste with animal fat. rolled into little balls, the mixture was said to give warriors much-needed energy for battle. later, around the year 1000 ad, ethiopians concocted a type of wine from coffee berries, fermenting the dried beans in water. coffee also grew naturally on the arabian peninsula, and it was there, during the 11th century that coffee was first developed into a hot drink. 2.3.1 drinking history coffee was believed by some christians to be the devils drink. pope vincent iii heard this and decided to taste it before he banished it. he enjoyed it so much and baptized it, saying, “coffee is so delicious it would be a pity to let the infidels have exclusive use of it.“ 3: the art of drinking 3.1 about drinking tea just as coffee became a part of daily life in the west, tea became a part of daily life in china. one can see tea houses scattered on the streets of china. the chinese have such a close relationship with tea that a cultural phenomenon relating to tea is rising up. the chinese tea culture includes articles, poems, pictures about tea, the art of making and drinking tea, and some customs about tea. we normally think of tea drinking as an invitation to stay and socialize. in earlier times, however, the drinking of tea could signal the close to the social encounter. this was particularly true when one visited ones superior. when the guest reached the hosts home, the host would offer his guest a cup of tea. they would then talk. when the host wanted his guest to leave, he would signal this by holding his own cup of tea and drinking it. the guest would then know that the host wanted him to leave and would ask to leave. when it comes to drinking a cup of tea, we usually invite a few friends, go to a serene place, and drink tea imbibe slowly in small sips. the popularity of tea lies not only in its good taste but also in its benefits to our health .tea helps our body digestion .so, it is a part of lifestyle to drink a cup of tea after the meal. caffeine is one of the main materials found in tea. thus, the amazing job of tea is to refresh our mind. 3.1.1 savoring the chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of “savoring.“ “savoring tea“ is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. you may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. a tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves. china is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. in the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay ones hunger. 3.1.2 making of tea the chinese give great attention to their tea and the way they drink it. people have high requirements for the quality of the prepared tea leaf, the water they use to brew tea and the wares they use to prepare and serve tea. normally, the finest tea is grown at altitudes of 3,000 to 7,000 feet (900 to 2,100 meters). people select their water carefully. the chinese emphasize water quality and water taste. fine water must be pure, sweet, cool, clean, and flowing. water from good springs is always considered best, as is rainwater from autumn and the rainy seasons. water quality can affect the teas taste. ancient chinese used spring water from mountains to make their teas. rain, snow and water from rivers, lakes or streams are suitable for making tea. tap water, which has too much chlorine, should not be used. nowadays, purified water and mineral water are used to make tea. water temperature is important. for common green, brown and scented teas, the water should be between 80 c and 90 c. water used to make famous teas, such as biluochun and longjing, should be between 75 c and 80 c. the tea will lose its nutritional value if the water is too hot. for oolong tea, the temperature should exceed 95 c. 3.2 about drinking coffee espresso - is a strong, flavorful coffee brewed by forcing hot water through finely ground coffee beans. espresso differs greatly from the common drip brewed coffee drink in its thick concentrated consistency, and robust flavor. double espresso - two shots of espresso! triple espresso - three shots of espresso! caf americano - literally, it may simply be brewed coffee in a coffee cup, or espresso diluted with an equal amount of hot water, and then served in a coffee cup. coffee latte - one or more shots of espresso topped with steamed milk, then a 1/4-inch of foam (less than a cappuccino). a latte typically contains more milk than a cappuccino. coffee con pane - espresso topped with a dollop of whipped cream. 3.2.1 aroma aroma is the first hint of how your coffee will taste. in fact, most of your sense of taste actually comes from your sense of smell - which is why coffee can taste so satisfying and sublime. tasting only one coffee at a time does not create any context. but if you taste two or three coffees, you can compare them in terms of your personal preference, but also in terms of aroma, acidity, body, and flavor. (a tip: when tasting more than one coffee, always taste lighter bodied coffees first and work up to fuller bodied coffees.) 3.2.2 making of coffee coffee is 98% water, and bad water can make a difference to the taste. theres little point in learning how to make coffee, and investing in good beans and a coffee maker, if the final taste is spoiled by poor water. with drip brewers you dont have control over the brewing time. but you do with a french press. different experts suggest different times. but somewhere between 3 and 5 minutes should do the trick. 4：the classification 4.1 tea classification although there are hundreds of varieties of chinese tea, they can mainly be classified into five categories. the classifications are determined by the method of processing the tea. the five types are green tea, black tea, brick tea, scented tea, and oolong tea. with its natural fragrance, the oldest tea is green tea, which is very popular among many people. it is baked immediately after picking. green tea can be divided into many kinds, depending on the way that it is processed. the most famous among the various green teas are longjing (dragon well) tea around the west lake in hangzhou, huangshan maofeng tea from mt. huangshan, yinzhen (silver needle) tea from mt. junshan and yunwu (cloud and mist) tea from mt. lushan. black tea black tea is favored mainly among foreigners. different from green tea, black tea is a kind of fermented tea. after the fermentation, its color changes from green to black. the most famous black teas in china are “qi hong“ (which originated in anhui), “dian hong“ (originated in yunnan), and “ying hong“ (originated in guangdong). oolong tea oolong tea, which combines the freshness of green tea and the fragrance of black tea, has been becoming popular with more and more people. it is also popular for its medical benefits, including assisting the body building process and in dieting. fujian, guangdong and taiwan are the major producers of this kind of tea. oolong tea grows on cliffs. harvesting this type of tea is very difficult, which makes it the most precious. other kinds of tea there are also other kinds of tea. among them, white tea is special and is not very familiar to most people. just as its name suggests, this kind of tea is as white as silver. it is mainly produced in zhenhe and fuding in fujian province, but popular in southeast asia. famous varieties include “silver needle“ and “white peony“. 4.2 coffee