年产6000吨PVC-U大口径管材项目可行性研究报告.doc

his company into two parts. they say that he is unfair to other people who want to sell similar software. because hefits his new software free in every new computer, the government says he is stopping other companies from selling their programs. this is not fair. everyone should be able to do what they can to make their company bigger. bill gates has not only done what he can to stop other competitors. he is very rich, but he is generous. he has given millions of dollars to help the education and the health of many children around the world. you could not meet a better man than bill gates.a competitors of bill gatesbill gates has been very successful and become very rich. he is very generous but how has he got his money? he has down this by making sure that no one else will be able to compete with his software. his software is not the best but it is used most widely in the world. when he sees what is needed, he makes a program and produces it quicker than anybody else. that way he gets a large part of the software market. then he works on improving the software later. he tries hard to stop others making better software. in 1995 the government tried to make things fairer for people like me. the government wanted to make microsoft into two companies so that neither of them was so strong nor so rich. this meant that they could not stop somebody else making new software. i always wonder how he could get so rich so quickly. has he done it by fair means? or has he done it by being a computer bully?必修二unit 1in search of the amber roomfrederick william i, the king of prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the russian people would have such an amazing history. this gift was the amber room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. the amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. the design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. it was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best artists about ten years to make.in fact, the room was not made to be a gift. it was designed for the palace of fredrick i. however, the next king of prussia, fredrick william i, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. in 1716 he gave it to peter the great. in return, the czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. so the amber room became part of the czars winter palace in st petersburg. about four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important vistors. later, catherine had the amber room moved to a palace outside st petersburg where she spent her summers. she told her artists to add more details to it. in 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. sadly, although the amber room was cnsidered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing.in september 1941, the nazi army was near st petersburg. this was atime when the two countries were at war. before the nazis could get to the summer palace, the russians were able to remove some furnitures and small art objects from the amber room. however, some of the nazis secretly stole the room itself. in less than two days 100000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. there is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for konigsberg, which was at a time a german city on the baltic sea. after that, what happened to the amber room remains a mystery.recently, the russians and germans have built a new amber room at the summer palace. by studying old photos of the former amber room, they have made the new one looke like the old one. in 2003 it was ready for the people of st petersburg when they celebrated the 300th bithday of their city.a fact of an opinionwhat is a fact? is it something that people believe? no. a fact is anything that can be proved. for example, it can be proved that china has more people than any other country in the world. this is a fact.then what is an opinion? an opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. so an opinoion is not good evidence in a trail. for example, it is an opinion if you say “cats are better pets than dogs”. it may be true, but it is difficult to prove. some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right.in a trail, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. the judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. he/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. this kind of information is called evidence.big feng to the rescuehis friends and family call him “big feng” because he is bery tall and played basketball as a young man. but he is also big in a different way he fights hard to protect chinas past. his real name is feng jicai and he has written many novels about life in china. several years ago, however, he put down his pen for a while and began to protect the cltural relics in tianjin, where he lives. once someon asked him why he no longer wrote. he replied that at the moment he felt protecting cultural relics was more important. feng loves his hometown. he believes that old things must be given a plave next to new thins, or people will soon forget ther great past. he does not make speeches to get others to help him in his projects. instead he goes out and does what he can himeself. if others follow him, so much the better. one of his biggest projects was to protect the oldest street in tianjin. along that street some shops had done business for seven hundred years. althought the city government rebuilt this street, they did save its oldest building. another project was more successful: he persuaded the city government to buy some land in the centre of the city so it could not be sold for businesses. this area is very improtant for the history of tianjin. it was here that the city was first built during the song dynasty. later many treasures were found here.to feng, digging down in to the earth is like reading page after page of a book. each dynasty found in the earth is like an interesting story. not long ago he and other writers and artists took photos of the old parts of tianjin. the photos were put into a book which was very popular. the money from the book helps his prjects. once, and old man asked feng to sign a book for him, saying he would give it to his grandson who was not yet born. feng was glad to do it - he knows that he past is not only for us to enjoy but also for the children of the future.unit 2an interviewpausanias, who was a greek writer about 2000 year ago, has come on a magical journey on march 18th ,2007 to find out about the present-day olympic games. he is now interviewing li yan, a volunteer for the 2008 olympics games.p: my name is pausanias. i lived in what you call “ ancient greece” and i used to write about the olympic games a long time ago. ive come to your time to find out about the present-day olympic games because i know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland. may i ask you some questions about themodern olympics?l: good heavens! have reallycome from so long ago? but of course you can ask any questions you like. what would you like to know?p: how often do you hold your games?l: every four years. there are two main sets of gamesthe winter and the summer olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis. the winter olympics are usually held two years before the summer games. only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. they may come from anywhere in the world.p: winter games? how can the runners enjoy competing in winter? and what about the horses?l: oh no! there are no running races or horse riding events. instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice. thats why theyre called the winter olympics. its in the summer olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.p: i see. earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world. do you mean the greek world? our greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning. no other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!l: nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough. there are over 250 sports and each one has its own standard. women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and p: please wait a minute! all those events, 年产6000吨pvc-u大口径管材项目可行性研究报告市塑料有限公司二一年一月目 录1. 总论-61.1 项目背景-61.2 项目建设地区概况-81.3 初步可行性研究的依据-131.4 建设规模及产品方案-131.5 主要建设条件-141.6 设计原则-151.7 主要设计内容-152. 市场分析及建设规模与产品方案-162.1 市场分析-162.2 建设规模和产品方案-193. 主要技术经济指标-204. 生产工艺-234.1 概述-234.2 设计规模及产品方案-234.3 工艺生产车间组成-244.4 产品质量标准-244.5 原料质量标准-244.6 生产工艺及生产方法-245. 总图运输-315.1 区域概况-315.2 总平面布置-335.3 工厂运输-335.4 工厂消防及绿化-336. 电力-346.1 电力负荷及性质-347. 热力工程-357.1 锅炉房-357.2 厂区热力管网-358. 给排水-368.1 设计范围-368.2 用水量-368.3 水源-368.4 消防给水-368.5 厂区排水-369. 采暖通风-379.1 设计依据及设计原则-379.2 气象资料-369.3 除尘设计原则-389.4 收尘措施-389.5 通风措施-3910. 自动化控制-4010.1 控制方式-4010.2 控制水平-4010.3 仪表选型-4010.4 仪表维修-4111. 土建工程-4211.1 设计原则-4211.2 建筑结构设计-4211.3 建筑防火-4312. 机械维修-4413. 职业保护及职业安全卫生-4513.1 厂区周围社会情况-4513.2 主要污染源-4513.3 污染物的治理方案-4513.4 环境管理和监测机构-4613.5 职业安全卫生-4614. 节能措施-4715. 防火措施-4815.1 总平面布置-4815.2 建筑与结构-4815.3 电气防火-4815.4 消防给水-4816. 项目总投资估算-5016.1 工程概况-5016.2 编制依据及原则-5016.3 项目总投资估算-5017. 技术经济分析-5217.1 组织机构及劳动定员-5217.2 职工培训-5317.3 总投资及资金筹措-5417.4 建设进度及资金使用计划-5617.5 成本费用估算-5717.6 损益估算-6017.7 财务评价-6317.8 不确定性分析-6517.9 综合评价-671. 总论1.1 项目背景1.1.1 项目概况项目名称：年产6000吨pvc-u管材项目建设性质: 扩建建设地址：市河滨工业园区项目业主：市塑料厂法人代表：刘军1.1.2 建设单位及项目简介1.1.2.1 项目建设单位简介市塑料厂建于1974年，现已改制为股份制企业。企业位于市康乐路，占地面积4067m2，建筑面积2007m2，截至2004年底，企业资产总额1500万元，资产负债率60%，2004年企业实现销售收入1600万元，税后利润60万元，上缴税金40万元。企业现有职工100人，其中：管理及技术人员20人。管理及技术人员中具有高级职称3人，中级职称12人，初级职称5人。企业现有各类设备35台（套），其中：单螺杆pvc-u管材生产线3条；聚乙烯管材生产线3条，聚乙烯薄膜生产设备3台。供电、供水、供暖设施齐全。企业现具有生产各类塑料制品能力2500吨/年，其中：pvc-u管材1500吨；聚乙烯管材600吨；聚乙烯薄膜400吨。多年来，尤其是企业改制以后，企业领导班子，以加快企业发展为第一要务，以提高经济效益为中心，以挖潜改造和节能降耗为提高企业市场竞争力的有效手段，潜心研究塑料加工产品的发展趋势，以市场为导向，紧紧围绕技术创新的主线，带领企业职工加快企业发展，使企业由小到大，由弱到强，从一个年产几百吨的小厂，发展成为产品较为齐全的塑料加工企业，现已成为较大的塑料制品生产企业。1.1.2.2 项目技术依托单位简介本项目锥形双螺杆塑料挤出机及辅机计划选购上海申威达机械有限公司生产的设备，本项目的设备安装及生产指导均由该公司负责。上海申威达机械有限公司是以生产“飞达”牌切纸机械、包装机械、塑料机械三大类系列产品为主的生产型中外合资企业。注册资本584万美元，资产总额2.38亿元。该公司先后获得了iso9001质量保证体系的认证证书和欧洲标准化组织（cen）颁发的“ce”安全标准证书。公司以品种多、规格齐、配套全、质量优特点，赢得了国内用户好评。其中切纸机械在机械结构、裁切门幅、控制方式、配套服务等方面，享有“切纸机王国”的美称；sjz、gf、yf系列锥形双螺杆塑料挤出机及辅机被认定为国家级新产品，其质量与性能已接近国际先进水平；塑料型材生产线均采用欧美先进技术研制，能适应高速型材生产的需求。多年来，产品销往日本、英国、法国、荷兰、比利时、德国等五十多个国家和地区，尤其在美国切纸机械进口业务中，公司的销量已名列第二。2003年产品销售收入达2.52亿元。公司及其主导产品先后获得”上海名牌产品四连冠”、”国家机械工业部名牌产品”、”上海高新技术企业”、上海市和全国的”用户满意企业”及”上海市文明单位”等称号。1.1.2.3 项目简介本项目依托市西部氯碱公司年产15万吨pvc产品的原料优势，发挥本公司多年从事塑料管材的技术和经营管理优势，扩大已占领的市场份额，发展市场前景十分看好的大口径pvc-u管材，实施企业规模化发展，产业化经营的发展战略，企业特提出建设本项目。本项目拟选厂址位于市河滨工业园区，项目占地20亩，距原料生产厂家仅6km。本项目的建设为实施公司规模化发展战略和延长氯碱工业的产业链奠定了坚实的基础。本项目符合国家产业政策，属于国家鼓励发展的建设项目。1.1.3 项目建设的必要性河流水和地表水通过蓄水工程和输水工程蓄存和远距离输送，能调节天然降水在时间和空间上的分配不均，是农业灌溉的主要水源。但从水源到农田输水过程中水的损失量很大，全国平均为50%，其中水量损失包括渗漏、蒸发和跑水。为了减少渠道的损失，可以将渠道硬化使其防漏。用砖和水泥衬砌渠道，可将渠系水的利用率提高20%；该渠道输水为管道输水可提高水的利用率30%-40%。我国人均水资源量只有2200m3，不足世界平均的1/4，人均水资源可利用量只有700 m3，是世界上人均水资源短缺的国家之一。目前全国每年缺水量近400亿m3，其中农业缺水约300 m3。我国用水大户仍然是农业用水，约占70，而农业用水的90是灌溉用水，因此节水首先要在农业节水上做文章。而我国农业用水浪费仍然十分严重，灌溉水利用系数低，全国灌溉水利用系数仅为43左右，远低于欧洲等发达国家70至80的水平，全国渠道输水损失占灌区用水损失的80以上。采用管道输水节约水资源的效果十分明显，随着水资源越来越匮乏，为了人类的生存需要和经济的可持续发展，管道输水将会成为输水的主要方式。塑料管道是化学建材重要的门类之一，种类多，增长幅度大，市场前景看好，发展空间广阔。在众多的pvc制品中，pvc管道是各种塑料管道中消费量最大的品种。目前，国内各种塑料管道生产企业近1000家，生产线已达3000多条，生产能力初步估计达350万吨，占全国各类管道应用量的50%以上，在城镇建筑业、水利建设和农牧业生产等领域大量应用，成为国民经济可持续发展不可缺少的新型管道，越来越显示出无可比拟的优越性。近几年，我国塑料管道产业发展很快，品种规格在不断增加，产品质量在不断提高，企业规模在扩大。其中万吨级产能的生产企业超过70家，10万吨级的企业也有10家左右，其中pvc-u管材生产企业年生产规模超过1万吨的企业60多家。随着国家对环境保护的日益重视，未来5年内国家将在排水管网建设方面投入巨资，这意味着塑料埋地排水管的发展市场空间加大。2003年塑料管道增长幅度超过23%，高于塑料制品增幅8个百分点，也高于塑料制造业中主要品种的增幅。未来5年内国家将在城市排水管网和农村人畜饮水建设方面投入巨资，这意味着塑料埋地排水管和塑料饮用水管的发展市场空间加大，为发展塑料管材提供了良好的契机。我厂始建于1974年，是由集体小企业逐步发展起来的。企业依托资源优势和区位优势，近几年得到了较快发展，经济效益逐年攀升。现已发展成为年产2100吨塑料管材；年产400吨塑料薄膜的股份制企业。但是企业的规模仍然较小，不能满足塑料管材市场快速增长的需求。为了充分发挥当地资源优势，走规模化发展的道路，特提出建设本项目。市具有发展塑料管材的十分优越的资源优势。正在建设的年产15万吨pvc西部氯碱工程，预计2005年底即可竣工投产，为本项目的实施提供了可靠的原料保证。及周边地区近几年随着国家西部大开发力度的加大，城市基础设施建设、农村人畜饮水工程和小城镇建设等基础设施建设的投资逐年加大。塑料管材尤其是大口径塑料管材的需求也随着增长。但是，及周边地区目前没有大口径塑料管材生产厂家，小口径的塑料管材生产规模也仅仅在6000吨左右，本地生产的塑料管材无法满足市场需求，尤其是大口径塑料管材全部从区外购进，大大增加了建设项目的投资。为此，我公司提出本项目的建设是十分必要的。1.2 项目建设地区概况1.2.1 地理位置及气候条件1.2.1.1 地理位置市是回族自治区重要的工业城市，位于自治区北部，东临黄河，西依贺兰山，北部与内蒙古自治区相邻，南与自治区首府银川市相距80km。市位于银川平原北部。地理座标：东经1055810659，北纬38183923。总面积4454平方km2。市总体走向西高东低，海拔12753476m，地貌大体分为：西部为山地（贺兰山），中部为平原（银川平原），东部为台地（鄂尔多斯高原西缘）。1.2.1.2 气候条件市地处内陆，属中温带干旱气候，四季分明，日照充足，昼夜温差大。平均气温在5.79.5之间。年均降水量180190mm，年均蒸发量900.91208mm，无霜期153170天之间，年均日照时数3100小时。1.2.1.3 行政区划市成立于1960年，现辖大武口、二个城市区和平罗县。2003年全市总人口70万人，有汉、回、蒙、满等24个民族，回族14万人，占全市总人口的20%，区域总面积4454km2。 1.2.2 经济概况市经过近四十年的建设，基本形成了以能源开发利用为特征，以煤炭、冶金、机械、电力、化工、建材及非金属制品为主的门类较齐全的重型工业经济体系。2004年，全市实现工业增加值 35.63亿元，占全市国内生产总值的49.30,工业从业人员达到11.5万人， 占全市非农产业从业人员的65.68。工业企业缴纳的税金占全市税收总额的75以上。工业不仅是市国民经济的重要支柱，而且是安置就业的主渠道和地方财政收入的主要来源。涌现出了诸如东方钽业集团、恒力集团、奔牛集团、太西集团、亘元集团、民化集团、大荣化工等一批在区内外甚至在国外享有盛名的骨干企业，以及沙湖纸业、惠冶镁业、兴平公司、丰本公司等一批成长型中小企业。创出了宝山牌钽粉、钽丝、恒力牌密封钢丝绳、宁河牌石灰氮、双氰胺、石鑫牌硅铁、沙湖牌面巾纸等一批荣获国家级和自治区名牌产品。稀有金属新材料工业、煤炭工业、高耗能原材料工业、电石化工工业、冶金及金属制品工业、电力工业等产业均在全区占有较大比重，成为支撑市经济发展的重要基础。其中：煤炭工业市已探明煤炭的储量为25亿吨，其中“太西煤”6.55亿吨，煤炭煤种齐全，煤质好。全市煤炭生产能力1200万吨/年，洗煤生产能力540万吨年；冶金焦炭生产能力50万吨年；炭素制品生产能力32万吨，基本形成了以国有及外资企业为主的煤炭及深加工产业。2004年，煤炭工业实现产值亿16.40元，占全市工业产值的19.00%。已建成、石炭井、汝箕沟3个矿区，以太西集团公司、亘元集团公司为主的12个大中型煤矿和一批小型煤矿，以及挪威埃肯炭素、大武口洗煤厂、太西洗煤厂、博宇焦化炼铁公司、市力源煤化工公司等煤炭加工企业。成为我国优质无烟煤生产基地和西北地区动力煤、炼焦煤基地，形成了较完整的煤炭工业体系。电力工业 已建成大武口、两个火力发厂和亘元集团、太西集团煤矸石发电厂，总装机容量680mw，年发电量为50亿kwh。已于2004年建成并网发电的4330mw第二电厂，为能源转化和煤炭深加工，以及氯碱化工工业的发展提供了有利条件。2004年，电力工业实现产值12.15亿元,占全市工业产值的12.52%。氯碱工业 主要企业是市西部氯碱有限公司，其前身是电化厂，成立于1970年，主要由电石路线生产pvc树脂，因种种原因产量一直在3万吨左右徘徊。由于市具有丰富的石灰石资源和电力资源，具备发展电石路线生产pvc树脂的基础条件，2003年上海氯碱化工集团公司投资10亿元建设年产15万吨的pvc树脂项目，预计项目在今年年底前竣工。1.3 可研编制依据及研究范围1.3.1 编制依据1、国家化学工业十五规划；2、市国民经济和社会发展十五规划； 3、项目建设单位关于本项目的建设构想；4、国家关于工程建设的相关规范、标准及政策性文件。1.3.2 研究范围本报告通过对项目建设的必要性、建设区域的资源条件、大口径pvc-u管材市场需求等前提条件进行研究，提出了项目建设方案，并对投资进行估算，对经济效益和社会效益进行分析和评价，同时作出结论性意见，供业主和决策部门参考。1.4 建设规模及产品方案根据资金筹措能力和市场需求，确定设计规模为年产吨。产品方案根据市场预测和所选择的设备情况，确定生产直径在200mm-400mm之间。1.5 主要建设条件1.5.1 厂址本项目建设厂址为市河滨工业园区，位于现企业12km，本项目建设场址为规划的工业园区。1.5.2 供电该项目建设新增供电容量630kva，外部供电为一回路10kv供电，由