常用临床医学术语.doc

常用临床医学术语diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases 传染病 complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病 contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases 地方病 epidemic diseases 流行病functional diseases 机能病、官能病 infectious diseases 传染病inherited diseases 遗传病 malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases 营养病 occupation diseases 职业病organic diseases 器质性病 paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病periodical diseases 周期病 primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病secondary diseases 继发病 sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病terminal diseases 绝症 wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉 clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史 etiology病因学family history 家族史 history, medical history 病史precipitating(induced)诱因 marital status婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史 menarche 初潮menopause闭经 past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制 personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状 classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状 constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状 induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom 局部症状 mental symptom精神症状symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症候群signs体征antecedent 前驱征 assident (accessory) 副征commemorative 后遗症 sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征 sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征 vital sign 生命体征body length (height of the body) 身高body weight 体重 barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质 compulsive position 被动体位critical facies 病危面容 emaciation 消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷 entropion 睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出 flushed face 面色潮红gain (loss) in weight 增加（减轻）体重 lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸 nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震 obesity 肥胖pallor 苍白 scolisis 脊柱侧凸agitation 焦急不安 debility, weakness 虚弱diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗 dizziness, vertigo 眩晕lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠 malaise 不适night sweat 盗汗 numbness 麻木rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷 perspiration, sweating 出汗pruritus, itching 痒， somasthenia 躯体无力tingling 麻刺感 abscess 脓肿acidosis 酸中毒 adhesion 粘连alkalosis 碱中毒 allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良 congestion 充血dehydration 脱水 distention 膨胀edema 水肿 embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱gangrene 坏疽 hematoma 血肿hemorrhage, bleeding 出血 infarction 梗塞，梗死infection 传染 inflammation 炎症ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒 metastasis 转移perforation 穿孔 necrosis 坏死shock 休克 response 反应，应答reaction 反应，感应 thrombosis 血栓形成ulceration 溃疡 fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热continuous fever 稽留热 intermittent fever 间歇热low-grade fever 低热 remittent fever 驰张热relapsing fever 回归热 pain 痛burning pain 灼痛 chest(flank,) pain 胸（胁腹）痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛 dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛radiating pain (pain radiating to) 放射性痛（放射到疼痛）angina 绞痛 cardiac angina 心绞痛backache 背痛 colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛 headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛 migraine 偏头痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛 somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛 stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛 bloody sputum 带血的痰cough 咳嗽 dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰 expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血 anoxia 缺氧 apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息asthma 气喘，哮喘 Cheyne Stokes respiration 切斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难 hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全， 呼吸浅表 hypoxia 低氧，缺氧orthopnea 端坐呼吸 respiratory arrest 呼吸停止suffocation 窒息 tachypnea 呼吸急促fetid breath 口臭 fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐 atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest 心搏骤停 cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大cyanosis 发绀，青紫 distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张extrasystole 期外收缩 gallop rhythm 奔马律hemopleura 血胸 hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少 palpitation 心悸tachycardia 心动过速 pneumothorax 气胸thrill 震颤 absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音 hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音 rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音 anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难 eructation 嗳气belching 嗳气 flatulence 气胀flatus 肠胃气，屁 gaseous distention 胃胀气hematemesis 呕血 hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心 pyrosis 胃灼热regurgitation 反胃，回流 thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐 anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂ascites 腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管 hemorrhoid 痔hernia 疝 hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception 肠套叠 jaundice 黄疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动 loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕动 prolapse 脱垂prolapse of anus 脱肛 rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus 肠扭转 calculus 结石， 石biliary calculus 胆结石 vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘 defecation 排便diarrhea 腹泻 incontinence of feces 大便失禁hematochezia 便血 fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血 painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便 dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry (black) stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿frequency of urination 尿频micturation 排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿polyuria 多尿tenesmus 里急后重vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经，月经过多menstruation 月经uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点bruise 挫伤，青肿acne 痤疮，粉刺desquamation 脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis 瘀斑loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈nevus 痣papule 丘疹petechia 瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹vesicle 小水疱vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光，羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮Kopliks spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形，变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed (simple)fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识convulsion 抽搐，惊厥delirium 谵妄delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高insanity 精神错乱loss of orientation 定向丧失mania 躁狂memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, .) crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒）危象failure 衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure 中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸）衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation 听诊inspection 视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal (vaginal) touch 直肠（阴道）指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation (latent) period 潜伏期prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期quiescent stage 静止期alleviation 减轻，缓和remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence (recovery) stage 恢复期rehabilitation 康复relapse 复发sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症，指征complication 并发症contraindic