语法：that与what引导名词性从句的区别.doc

that与what引导名词性从句的区别that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词+that”。如：1. 用that的例子l That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少经验，这是显然的。（主语从句）l The police learned that he wasnt there at that time. 警察获知他那时不在场。（宾语从句）l He realized that she too was exhausted. 他意识到她也精疲力尽。（宾语从句）l My idea is that you shouldnt have left the country. 我的意见是你不应该离开那个国家。（表语从句）l Bob has the mistaken idea that tomorrow is a holiday. 鲍勃错误地认为明天是一个假日。（同位语从句）l It was quite plain that he didnt want to come. 很明显他不想来。l It is natural that they should have different views. 他们看法不同是很自然的。2. 用what的例子l What (=The thing that) he said was true. 他所讲的是事实。l What he had hoped at last came true. 他希望的事终于成为现实。l What he said is beneath contempt. 他说的话不值一理。l What he says is true, possibly. 或许他说的是对的。l What she saw gave her a fright. 她看到的情况吓了她一跳。l What I want to say is this. 我想说的是这一点。 （主语从句）l Im sorry for what I said. 我为我说的话表示歉意。（宾语从句）l Thats what I want to know. 这是我想知道的。（表语从句）l You had better hear what I have to say. 你最好听听我的意见。（宾语从句）l I managed to get what I wanted. 我设法得到了我要的东西。（宾语从句）l It was what he meant rather than what he said. 这是他的原意而不是他的原话。（表语从句）l Theres something in what he says. 他的话有些道理。（宾语从句）l Her interest was roused by what he said. 他的话引起了她的兴趣。（宾语从句）l He was always conscious of the fact that she did not approve of what he was doing. 他一向清楚她不太赞成他的做法。（what从句是宾语从句）注：that 可引导同位语从句，what不能。但：Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗? 解释：英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。）如:I have no idea when he will be back我不知道他什么时候回来。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。另外,where, when, why, how, who, what等在引导同位语从句时，一般只用于I have no idea .结构中,但有人认为,其实这种类型的同位语从句应该列入宾语从句的范畴，因为I have no idea意思就是I dont