[英语学习]考研英语单词500文档.doc

英语500核心短语 1.gain/have an advantage over 胜过,优于 2. take advantage of 利用 3.in the air 在流行中,在传播中 4. after all 终于,毕竟;虽然这样 5.all but 几乎,差一点;除之外其余都 6.at all 完全,根本 7.not at all 一点也不 8. allow for 考虑到 9.make allowances for 考虑到,顾及;体谅,原谅 10.in alliance with 与联盟 11.leave/letalone 听其自然,不要去管 12.let alone 更不用说 13.along with 与一起 by analogy 用类推的方法 anything but 除以外任何事(物),根本不 apart from 除去 arrive at 达成,得出 as for 至于,就方面说 as to 至于,关于 as well 也,又 aside from 除以外 ask after 询问,问候 avail (oneself) of 利用 of/to no avail 不起作用,没有用 on (the/an) average 平均,一般说来 back and forth 来回,往返,来来往往的 back down/off 放弃,让步,退却 back of 在后部,在背部 back up 支持,援助;倒退,后退 break away (from) 脱离,逃跑 break down 损坏,分解,瓦解 break off 断绝,结束 break out 突然发生,爆发;(of)逃出 break through 突破 in brief 简单的说,简言之 bring about 带来,造成 bring down 打倒,挫伤;降低 bring forth 产生,提出 bring forward 提出 bring out 使出现,使显明;公布,出版 bring to 使恢复知觉 take care of 照顾,照料;承担,处理,负责 carry off 夺去 carry on 继续下去,坚持下去;从事,经营 carry out 贯彻,执行,实现 in any case 无论如何,总之 in case 假如,以防(万一),免得 in case of 假如,万一 in no case 决不 catch on 理解,明白 catch up with 追上,赶上 in charge (of) 负责,主管 take charge of 担任,负责 check in 办理登记手续 check out 结账后离开;检查,核算 check up/(up) on 校对,检查,检验 cheer up 使高兴,使振奋;高兴起来,振作起来 in chorus 一齐,一致,共同 clear away 扫除,收拾 clear up 整理,收拾;清除,解除;解释,澄清;(天气)变晴 around/round the clock 昼夜不停的 come off 实现,成功,奏效 come on 请,来吧,跟着来,快点;开始,来临;进展,发展;出场,上演 come out 出版,刊出;出现,显露,长出;结果是,结局是;被解出 come round/around 来访,前来;苏醒,复原 come through 经历,脱险 come to 总计,达到;苏醒,复原 come true 实现,达到 come up 走近,上来;发生,被提出 come up with 提出,提供 in common 共同,共有,共用 by comparison 比较起来 as/so far asbe concerned 就来说 be concerned with 关心,挂念,从事于 in consequence 因此,结果 in consequence of 由于的缘故 on cue 恰好在这个时候 take ones cue from 学的样,听的劝告 cut across 走捷径,抄近路 up to date 时新的 a great/good of 大量(的),许多(的) in debt 欠债,欠情 take delight in 以为乐 derive from 导出;由来 in detail 详细的 die down 渐渐消失,平息 die off 相继死去 die out 消失,灭绝 be on a diet 节食 make a/the difference 有影响,很重要 in the distance 在远处 do away with 废除,去掉 do without 没有也行 have nothing to do with 和毫无关系 have (something) to do with 和有(点)关系 hot dog 红肠面包,热狗 next door 隔壁 out of doors 在户外 double up 弯腰,把折起来 no doubt 无疑,必定 doze off 打瞌睡 drop out 退出,离队 due to 由于,因为 off duty 下班 on duty 值班,上班 dwell on 凝思;详述 put into effect 实行,生效 come/go into effect 生效,实施 in effect 有效;实际上 take effect 生效,起作用 or else 否则,要不然 embark on/upon 从事,着手 in the end 最后,终于 in essence 大体上,本质上 at all events 无论如何 in any event 无论如何 in the event of 万一,如果发生 for ever 永远 for example 例如 with the exception of 除之外 in excess of 超过 catch ones eye 引人注目 keep an eye on 留意,照看 face up to 大胆面对 in fact 其实,实际上 matter of fact 实际情况,真相 fail to 未能 fall behind 落后 fall back on 求助于,转而依靠 fall in with 符合,与一致;碰见 fall out 争吵,结果是 far from 远非,远离 so far 迄今为止 find fault 埋怨,挑剔 in favor of 有利于,便于,赞成,支持 feed in 输入 be fed up (with) 感到厌烦 feel like 欲,想要 a few 有些,几个 quite a few 还不少,有相当数目的 at first 最初,首先 first of all 首先,第一 flare up 突然烧起来,突然发怒 as follows 如下 make a fool of 玩弄,愚弄 on foot 步行 in force 有效,实施中 come/go into force 生效,实施 09导航英语最后三套题第43页作文补充 2009-01-07 00:00:00第43页小作文Section III writing Part A 51 Directions: You are supposed to invite Dr. King to make a speech about the future development of computer science at the annual conference of your department. Write a letter to Mr. King to 1) invite him 2) tell him the time and place of the conference 3) promise to give him further details later. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) Dear Dr. King,On behalf of our scientific and computer department, I am honored to write this letter and extend our formal invitation to you. You are warmly expected to make a speech on the development of computer science.This is specially held for the annual conference of our department, and it will be carried on January 15, 2009. The Great Central Hall our will be the place for this wonderful meeting with the distinguished experts and scholars just like you.We sincerely hope you could kindly accept our invitation and attend the meeting. If you need any information concerned, please feel free to call us. I have enclosed the telephone number and e-mail address with this letter.Many thanks.Yours, Li Ming第43页大作文Part B52 Directions: Study the following photo carefully and write an essay in which you should: 1) describe the photo briefly 2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by it, and 3) give you point of view You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points) Anyone who takes a closer look at the picture can easily find that a huge number of city dwellers are taking sun-bathing among the tall buildings. It seems sunshine is quite precious for them. As is symbolically revealed in the picture, we can conclude clearly that the high buildings are doing considerable harm for the citizens as well as the cities themselves.Judging from the above chart, we can easily infer the drawers intention is to arouse due attention to the house-building in the cities. For one thing, sunshine is the common resource should be shared by any of us. However, as the expansion of population in the big cities, the sunshine is blocked by the huge walls. For another, the loss of sunshine does not get compensation by any department concerned or the relevant real estate companies.From my perspective, I firmly believe that it is imperative for us to take some positive measures to say “good-bye” to the unfavorable social problem. Most importantly, the government should lay off strict laws and rules to punish with no exception the violators who develop the giant buildings. Secondly, the real estates concerned need to take the city-dwellers interest into consideration. Only through the proper designing and mutual understanding between the relevant groups, can the sunshine and the benefits likewise not be blocked.一、 that引导的状语从句引导状语从句的词语叫从属连词。不同作用的状语从句通常由不同的从属连词来引导。引导结果(结果)状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, sothat, suchthat等.1，the newly described languages were often so strikingly different form the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.(2004年翻译)解析：此句中的that引导一个状语从句，表示结果，意思是“以至于”属于“sothat”结构。参考译文：这些新进被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往存在很大的差别，以至于有些学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨丕尔编造了材料。2，The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.(2006年翻译)分析：despite the fact that引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”。参考译文：这个定义还排斥了大部分教师，尽管从传统意义上而言，许多知识分子都是以教学为谋生手段。3，And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorderkitchen rage.分析：此句中的that引导一个目的状语从句，表示结果，意思是“以至于”属于“sothat”结构。参考答案：家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作他们会促使一种新的心理疾病，即厨房狂躁症。二、that引导定语从句关系代词that可以引导限定性定语从句， 修饰代表人或事物的先行词， 但不能用于引导非限定性定语从句。that可以充当从句的主语、 宾语、 表语。1，this alone demonstrates that the television business is not as easy world to survive in ,a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.(2005年翻译)解析：此句是一个多重复合句，其主体是：this alone demonstrates that，是一个由that引导的宾语从句，后半句则是由a fact引导的同位语从句，修饰前面的半个句子，由underlined引导的过去分词短语修饰a fact，由that引导的定语从句修饰statistics。参考译文：仅仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存不那么的容易，这个事实通过统计数字也是一目了然：在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不小于50%。2,“I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,”says the author of a jobsearching guide.(2004 Text1)分析：在形容词最高级或all, any,little,much, no, only, something, nothing, everything等词后通常多用that来引导定语从句。参考译文：“我不会指望代理帮我找到资料库中所有吸引我的东西”，一个求职指导书的作者说道。三、that引导的名词性从句名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1，同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word、evidence等。例如：Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.(2010翻译)分析：本题中含有两个并列的同位语从句，that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.两个that的内容是对前面的evidence进行补充说明或解释。参考翻译：有证据显示：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价值”的物种。曾经有一段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了这一证据。1，名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及的宾语。由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.(2008年翻译)分析：本题中that引导的是一个宾语从句，做主句谓语动词believe的宾语成分。参考译文：他认为也许正是他的这种困难，他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过长时间的认真思索，从而能够发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。3，在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：one difficulty is that almost all of what i