[英语学习]作文讲义.doc

Advantages and disadvantages 1. 引题，改题，自己观点2. 支持方理由3. 反对方理由，并反驳4. 总结，预测建议开头写法 At current, .has become increasingly noticeable. At the same time, people hold divergent views as to this trend/ phenomenon. My view is that its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages. l At current/ at present/ presently/ recently/ in recent years/ nowadays/ today/ in many countries today l Noticeable/ common/ widespread / prevalent / attracted peoples attentionl Meanwhile l Divergent/ different/ differing l Advantages / pros / benefits / positive aspects/merits l Cons/ drawbacks/ flaws /negative aspects/ shortcomings 第二段It is obvious that doing sth has a variety of benefits. To begin with, it is beneficial for sb to do sth. If ., X will, which will.In addition, doing sth also makes it possible for sb to do sth. This is due to the fact that It is obvious that international tourism has a variety of benefits. To begin with, it is beneficial for the tourists to expand their horizons. If they travel to Australia, they can enjoy the breathtaking scenery and special species such koala and kangaroos, which can help them get refreshing experience. In addition, developing international tourism also makes it possible for the government to boost the local economy. This is due to the fact that the travelers need to pay for accommodation, transport and purchase some souvenirs and local delicacies. As a result, they can contribute to the local revenue. l It is obvious that / it is evident that / obviously / it is clear / clearlyl A variety of / a number of / a great deal of/ a great amount of l In addition / additionally / furthermore / further / on the other hand (On one hand)l To begin with/ firstly/ initially / on the one hand l Possible / likely / probable l Thi s is due to the fact that / the reason is that/ this involves the recognition that 表达方法对。有利l Be beneficial for l Have positive influence onl Exert favourable impact on l Bring desirable effect onl Will / be likely to / be possible to / tend to / be prone to （坏处）/can , may , could, might l Boost economy l Facilitate work productivity / improve work efficiency l Enhance the understanding of.l Promote friendship 第三段However, some people claim that This involves the recognition that But overall I think this is unreasonable / one-sided / this can be remedied. The reason is thatClaim/ hold that/ argue that / state that / be of the opinion that / support However, some people claim that international travel is harmful to the local environment. This involves the recognition that the tourists are prone to bring more rubbish such as empty bottle, plastic bags, as well as used batteries, which is likely to pose a great burden on the eco-system in the tourist attractions. But overall I think this can be remedied. The reason is that we need to raise peoples awareness of this issue and let them know the fact of the situation as well as what they can do so avoid the damage. In this aspect, the media should play a significant role and more relevant TV programmes should be produced. 第四段优点多should be encouraged to.The overall impact of .is more positive than negative. 缺点多.should be discouraged to .The overall impact ofis more negative than positive. 预测建议With the development of society/ economy /technology, it is likely to become more significant in the future. It, therefore, needs our further consideration. In conclusion, people should be encouraged to travel abroad. With the development of society and economy, it is likely to become more popular in the future. It, therefore, needs our further consideration. 报告文l Reasons and solutions l Risks / dangers l Ways to solve the problems l Means to address the problems l How to solve the problems l Solve / deal with / address / cope with/ grapple with 结构1. 引题，改题，写作任务2. 任务一3. 任务二 4. 总结，预测，建议Topic : the problem of rubbish 第一段At this day and age, the problem of rubbish has become increasingly severe. When we walk into the streets, we can see plastic bags, cigarette butts and dustbins which are filled with trash. This essay will discuss its reasons and suggest some solutions from the government. In recent years, the problem of student behavious has become increasingly severe. When we walk into the schools we can see students skipping classes, gang fighting, and disrespecting teachers, which are very disturbing. This essay will discuss the reasons and suggest some solutions. 第二段结构同优点段It is obvious that doing sth has a variety of reasons. To begin with If, x will, which will in addition. doing sth also makes it possible for sb to do sth. This is due to the fact that .It is obvious that the rubbish problem has a variety of reasons. To begin with, the increase of consumption will cause the rubbish increase. If the population continues rising, the demands of goods will increase, which will add to the rubbish amount. In addition, the lack of the facilities to recycle also makes it possible for the growing amount of rubbish. This is due to the fact that if rubbish is only produced without being recycled or reused, it will obviously be a problem. 第三段There are various solutions to the problems. The first one is that .Another solution is that.思路1. 提高意识2. 立法解决The government should introduce relevant laws and regulations. In general, laws can ensure the successful operation of society in that they can provide rules of behaviours and ethical principles.3. 集体解决We need to adopt an integrated vision. The government, organisations and individuals should be treated as a whole to solve the problems. This is the prerequisite for sustainable development. 第四段All in all, although there are a number of reasons for this issue, they are by no means insurmountable. With the development of society/ economy/ technology, it is likely to become more significant in the future. It, therefore, needs our further consideration. 讨论类1. 引题，改题，自己观点（整合）2. A方理由3. B方理由4. 自己观点：并不相互排斥，没有A; 没有B5. 总结，预测，建议：A 重要，但要更好，需要B. TOPIC：Crimes Arguments: which one is better: fixed punishment or considering circumstances and motivation 第一段At current, crimes have become increasingly severe. Meanwhile, people hold divergent views as to with punishment is better: fixed punishment or considering circumstances and motivation. My view is that an integrated vision should be adopted. Which one is more important in the development/education of children Talent or Training Nature and nurture 重要：important/ significant/ crucial/ essential/ indispensable / play an important role Factors/ elements 第二段It is obvious that doing sth has a variety of benefits. To begin with, it is beneficial for sb to do sth. IfX willwhich will. In addition, doing sth also makes it possible for sb to do sth. This is due to the fact that 第二段Fixed punishment Working staffs in the court to improve efficiency / fixed rules about theft, robbery, murder/ judges, lawyers have the standards to refer to/ help them to make verdicts more quickly If have fixed rules about., judges and lawyers have the standards, which help them to 防范犯罪如果知道惩罚很严重,就会重新考虑是否犯罪。Prevent/ stop In addition, fixed punishment also makes it possible to prevent crimes. This is due to the fact that if the potential criminals know they will be punished severely, they will think twice before committing crimes. 第三段Some people claim that circumstance and motivation need to be considered. This involves the recognition that killing people in self-defense is utterly different from murdering someone. Furthermore, fire set by an insane person is not the same as treason which cause great damage. Killing people in self-defense vs murder someone Fire set by an insane person vs treason which causes great damage A is different from B. A is not the same as B. 第四段As far as I am concerned, the above-mentioned factors are not mutually exclusive. Without A, x will; without B, x will. A : fixed punishment B: considering circumstances and motivation Society will become in disorder/ in a mess / be in troubles The legal system will be unfair 第五段In conclusion, A is very important, but to ensure., B should be taken into account. This issue is complicated. With the development of society, it is likely to become more significant in the future. It, therefore, needs our further consideration.同意与否To what extent do you agree or disagree 结构1. 引题，改题，自己观点2. 同意方理由3. 不同意的理由（我也承认）4. 总结，预测建议（A 重要，但要更好，需要B）第一段In many countries today, the government spending has become increasingly noticeable. Meanwhile, people have differing views as to which should be constructed: basic infrastructure or entertaining facilities. My view is that an integrated vision should be adopted. 常用思路1. Doing sth is a great way to relieve pressure. When people are engaged in ., they can mentally get away from troubles / worries. After that, they can regain the vigour and incentive to solve problems. 2. Doing sth is a way of communication. People can interact with others and get to know their views and interests, which is beneficial for their mutual understanding and interpersonal relationship. 3. Doing sth can enhance peoples competitive strength. It is true that competition tends to disperse society as a whole. It is especially evident in the job market not only when people are hunting for jobs, but also after they have established themselves in a career. 第二段It is obvious that there are a variety of reasons. To begin with, . If, X will, which will. In addition, doing sth also makes it possible for to do sth. This is due to the fact that.第三段:However, I also admit that . This involves the recognition that .第四段In conclusion, A is very important, but to ensure., B should be taken into account. This issue is complicated. With the development of society, it is likely to become more significant in the future. It, therefore, needs our further consideration.小结完全赞同1. 引题，改题，自己观点。2. A 的理由。3. B的理由，反驳。4. 总结，预测建议。整合观点第一段： 引题，改题，自己观点（my view is that an integrated vision should be adopted）第二段： A方理由。第三段：B 方理由。第四段：自己观点（并不相互排斥）第五段：总结预测建议（A 重要，但要更好，需要B）唯一性The only/ the only possible/ the best / the greatest第一段： 引题，改题，自己观点第二段： 承认合理性第三段：指出其它方法第四段：总结，预测建议。范文：注意课堂写过的整篇文章练习。补充范文（讲义第9题）At current, international tourism has become increasingly noticeable. Meanwhile, people hold divergent views as to this phenomenon. My view is that its merits far outweigh its drawbacks.It is obvious that overseas tourism has a variety of benefits. To begin with, it is beneficial for tourists to expand their horizons. For example, if some western travelers pay a visit to China, they can enjoy the historic sites such as the great wall and appreciate the scenic spots like Ermei Mount, which can enrich their experience. In addition, international travel industry also makes it possible for the host countries to boost their economy. This is due to the fact that the tourists are likely to pay for accommodation, food such as local delicacies, transportation, and purchase some souvenirs. As a result, this can increase the income of the local residents and generate more government revenue. However, some claim that these international tourists are prone to cause burden on the local environment. This involves the recognition that they are likely to bring more plastic bags, empty bottles, disposable forks and the large number of international travelers may worsen the erosion of some tourist attractions. But I think this can be remedied. The reason is that the international travelers are advised to be informed of how to protect the local environment when they go sightseeing. Furthermore, some relevant rules and regulation should be established and the violators should be punished accordingly. Therefore, the damage to the environment can be alleviated. In conclusion, the overall impact of international tourism is more positive than negative. With the development of economy and society, it is likely to become more significant in the future. It, hence, needs our further consideration. 补充范文（讲义第6题）At current, theatres and sports stadiums have become increasingly popular. Meanwhile, people hold divergent views as to which should be constructed: the entertainment facilities or some basic infrastructure such as medical care and education. It is obvious that building basic infrastructures have a variety of benefits. To begin with, improving medical care is beneficial for the public to enjoy more advanced medical service. For example, if more hospitals and qualified doctors are equipped and trained, the patients such as the visually impaired people can get proper treatment, which can improve their physical health. In addition, developing education also makes it possible for the country to progress more quickly. This is due to the fact that fine education can generate more efficient work force. As a result, this can enhance the productivity of society. However, I disagree that the entertainment facilities should not be built. This involves the recognition that theatres can help the residents to relieve pressure. When they engage themselves in the shows in theaters, they can mentally get away from their stress. After that, they can regain their vigor and incentive to solve their problems and improve their work productivity. Furthermore, the sports stadiums offer the opportunities for citizens to participate in sports activities which can improve their blood circulation and immune system. Therefore, all of the construction can lead to a better living standard of the public and higher work efficiency. In conclusion, my view is that basic infrastructure is very necessary, but to ensure the improvement of the public living standard, entertainment facilities sh