《地暖外文翻译》word版.doc

无锡职业技术学院毕业设计说明书（论文）Floor Heating Is the radiant floor heating to warm the short, in English, Radiant Floor Heating, based on the entire surface of heat sink, through the radiant floor layer of the thermal coal, uniform heating throughout the ground, using ground-based heat storage and heat up their own law of radiation by the next First to conduction, to achieve the purpose of heating. 地暖地暖是地板辐射采暖的简称，英文为Radiant Floor Heating，是以整个地面为散热器，通过地板辐射层中的热媒，均匀加热整个地面，利用地面自身的蓄热和热量向上辐射的规律由下至上进行传导，来达到取暖的目的。 First, what is to warm 资料来源 360毕业设计网 ince the formation of foot to head indoors, gradually decreasing the temperature gradient, which gives a head cold feet warm comfort. Floor radiant heating in line with traditional Chinese medicine warm enough and the top cold fitness theory, is the most comfortable heating method, but also a symbol of modern quality of life.一、什么是地暖由于在室内形成脚底至头部逐渐递减的温度梯度，从而给人以脚暖头凉的舒适感。地面辐射供暖符合中医“温足而顶凉”的健身理论，是目前最舒适的采暖方式，也是现代生活品质的象征。 Second, to warm the history of Floor radiant heating (hereinafter referred to warm) is an ancient and new technologies. Heating the ground in China can be traced back to the Ming dynasty, in order to have a royal palace of heating methods, such as the existing Chinas Forbidden City, Qi Hao underground brick flue in the winter, pass through the flue and the rational allocation of tobacco smoke out of windows in order to achieve the then spread to warm brick interior, so that indoor produce a warm effect. Occur in rural areas in northern China after the firewall, heated kang heating mode, South Korea, Japan appears to Kang. From ancient times, humans continue to pass civilization, exploration and innovation, development and progress. Now, with the advent of the technological age, ground heating technology from the original heated kang heating and cooling of the flue into the modern materials of the floor radiant heating heat medium. The technology as early as 30 years in the last century in developed countries began to apply, our country has had 50 years of technology used in the Great Hall of Overseas Chinese Hotel, and other projects.二、地暖的历史地面辐射供暖（简称地暖）是一项既古老又崭新的技术。在我国地面采暖可追溯到明朝末年，为皇宫王室才能拥有的取暖方式，如现存我国的故宫，在青砖地面下砌好烟道，冬天通过烟道传烟并合理配置出烟窗以达到把青砖温热而后传到室内，使室内产生温暖的效果。以后我国北方农村出现火墙、火炕的取暖方式，韩国、日本出现地炕。从古至今，人类不断传承文明，开拓创新，发展进步。现在随着科技时代的到来，地面供暖技术已从原始的烟道散热火炕式采暖发展成为以现代材料为热媒的地面辐射供暖。该技术早在上世纪30年代就在发达国家开始应用，我国在50年代就已将技术应用于人民大会堂、华侨饭店等工程中。 Third, to warm the classification of Floor radiant heating in accordance with the different heating methods can be divided into plumbing and electrical heating, but there are electric heating heating cab-le heating and electric heating film divided. Plumbing the low temperature hot water floor radiant heating is a temperature no higher than 60 hot water for hot coal, circulating in the heating pipe, heating thefloor, through the ground to radiation and convection heat transfer means of heating to the indoor heat. Heating cable floor radiant heating is a low-temperature heating cable as heat sou-rce, heating the floor, through the ground to radiation and convection heat transfe-r means heating to indoor heating. Common heating cable is divided into single-core c-ables and twin-core cables. Low-temperature radiation heating after the film is a kind of power can heat tran-slucent polyester film, made from special conductive ink, the metal carrier, as amen-ded, processing, and hot in the rooms made of polyester film insulation. Work with carbon-based ink for heat body heat in the form of radiation into space, so that the human body to be warm.三、地暖的分类地面辐射供暖按照供热方式的不同主要分为水暖和电暖，而电暖又有发热电缆采暖和电热膜采暖之分。水暖即低温热水地面辐射供暖是以温度不高于60的热水为热媒，在加热管内循环流动，加热地板，通过地面以辐射和对流的传热方式向室内供热的供暖方式。发热电缆地面辐射供暖是以低温发热电缆为热源，加热地板，通过地面以辐射和对流的传热方式向室内供热的供暖方式。常用发热电缆分为单芯电缆和双芯电缆。低温辐射电热膜是一种通电后能发热的半透明聚酯薄膜，由可导电的特制油墨、金属载流条经加工、热压在绝缘聚酯薄膜间制成。工作时以碳基油墨为发热体，将热量以辐射的形式送入空间，使人体得到温暖。 Fourth, to warm the advantages of comfort, health, health care: ground radiant heating is the most comfortable way of heating, indoor surface temperature uniformity at room temperature, gradually decreasing from the bottom up, giving people a good cold feet warm feeling of the first; easily polluted air caused by convection, Indoor clean air; improve blood circulation, promote metabolism. to save space, beautify the living room: Interior canceled the radiator and the branch pipes, the increased use of space, to facilitate renovation and decoration of our homes to reduce health corners. efficient energy-saving: radiation heating, convection heating a relatively high thermal efficiency, heat concentrated in the human body within a high degree of benefit; transmission process of heat loss is small; low-temperature floor radiant heating may apply stratified, household, sub-room control, users can Depending on the situation to control, effective energy conservation. thermal stability: the ground floor and concrete floor heating on the ground build heat, thermal stability, in the intermittent heating conditions, the indoor temperature change is slow. operating costs low: energy-efficient than other heating equipment, about 20%, which may take advantage of low-temperature hot water or the use of price policy to reduce operating costs.四、地暖的优点舒适、卫生、保健：地面辐射供暖是最舒适的供暖方式，室内地表温度均匀，室温由下而上逐渐递减，给人以脚温头凉的良好感觉；不易造成污浊空气对流，室内空气洁净；改善血液循环，促进新陈代谢。节约空间、美化居室：室内取消了暖气片及其支管，增加使用面积，便于装修和家居布置，减少卫生死角。 高效节能：辐射供暖方式较对流供暖方式热效率高，热量集中在人体受益的高度内；传送过程中热量损失小；低温地面辐射供暖可实行分层、分户、分室控制，用户可根据情况进行调控，有效节约能源。 热稳定性好：地面供暖地面层及混凝土层蓄热量大，热稳定性好，在间歇供暖的条件下，室内温度变化缓慢。 运行费用低：较其它供暖设备节能约20%,可充分利用低温热水资源或利用电价政策,降低运行费用。 fifth, to warm pavement Note Floor heating is concealed in the floor with the following plastic pipes or heating cab-les to achieve the heating, so hidden in the under-floor pipes and other heat transfer medi-um material and insulation material that affect the quality of life of the main floor. To heat-ing system design is reasonable, ground heating pipe, heating cable pavement location, the l-oop interval is reasonable, the construction quality is any impact on the effectiveness of t-he main reasons for the use of warm, both of which can not be ignored in order to sit ba-ck and relax. At present, due to start-up floor heating in the market stage, the home improvement to heating companies was mixed, design and construction capabilities mixed, poor choice cou-ld easily cause great damage to the client a few years the problem once exposed to potent-ially disastrous ways. In part, warm company is not a long-term vision of business markets, but can be fishing for a thought on the fishing a result, many users suffering immensely, and not half of it urges construction companies to warm disappeared, that is, non-thermal h-eating, poor construction is completed, a Due to warm in the company created their own p-roblems, it also reflects the many users at immediate cause cheaper. In part, in order to r-educe heating costs, the company cut corners, use the materials, choose low-quality low-cost pipes and accessories, pavement when the tube spacing to increase, or the use of low-level specification of the pipe, resulting in heating system operation does not achieve the desired results, and lay hidden dangers. Industry experts suggest that there is no worry in order to enjoy the floor heating, be sure to choose the professional-formal, there is a certain scale of construction companies qualified to warm, rather than attempt to 1:00 inexpensive, spent unnecessary fees.五、地暖铺装注意事项地板采暖是借助隐蔽于地板下面的塑料管道或发热电缆来实现供暖，因此隐蔽于地板下的管道等热媒传输材料及保温材料的质量是影响地板使用寿命的主要原因。地暖系统设计是否合理，地暖管材、发热电缆铺装位置、环路间隔是否合理，施工质量是影响地暖使用功效的主要原因，两者均不能忽视，才能高枕无忧。目前，由于地板采暖处于市场起步上升阶段，家装地暖公司鱼龙混杂，设计施工能力参差不齐，选择不当，极易给客户造成极大的损失，几年之后问题一旦暴露，后患无穷。部分地暖公司不是以长远眼光经营市场，而是能捞一把就捞一把的思想，致使很多用户深受其苦，不是施工半截地暖公司不知去向，就是施工完毕供暖不热不畅，一方面由于地暖公司自身问题造成，另一方面也反映出很多用户图一时便宜造成。部分地暖公司为降低成本而偷工减料，使用材料上，选择低质低价管材及辅料，铺装时加大管材间距，或使用低一级规格的管材，造成地暖系统运行未达到预期的效果，并埋下隐患。行业专家提示，要想享受没有后顾之忧的地板采暖，一定要选择专业正规，有一定规模资质的地暖公司施工，而不要以图一时便宜，花了不必要的“学费”。 sixth, real warm Frequently Asked Questions 1, floor heating system, long life? Ground heating system pipe service life is the life of the main speakers, because some of the ground can be replaced, therefore, to warm the EAC is the key to life. Now used to pipe heating system is generally PE-RT, PEX (a, b, c), Pb and other pipe, PE-RT The use of 65 degrees below, the working pressure of no more than 0.4Mpa, PEX, Pb pipes in the usage of public conditions (pressure, temperature) are superior to PE-RT, a long-term working temperature can be 95 degrees to 70 degrees of zero range. However, the higher cost of Pb pipe, solid market, is seldom used. PEX both at home and abroad because of its stable performance, affordable and widely used, PE-Xb is a heating system to the application of the earliest and most extensive, most mature in warm pipe, which gives the performance pe-xb is excellent, the production of line pipe to warm standards, design and use of product standards in the normal range, the actual life expectancy of more than 50 years can be considered: to warm the system very basic and the building life. 2, floor heating system costs how? Floor Heating Systems price structure from the ground cover material selection, control system and is equipped with a heat source of decision. Hidden structure of underground pipe, insulation material and a variety of DPM, materials vary widely different prices, the same selection, the price differences are generally not large, low prices can only mean that selected the counterfeit can not even achieve the basic performance requested. For different user needs, to warm the company launched several kinds of floor heating system packages. Control system is equipped with depending on the user would like to achieve comfort and cost-effective, in order to achieve different control properties, select the system prices may vary by tens of times, and now a lot of ground heating unit did not design capability, is not without control system, that is blindly select a a single high-end products, the system does not match the reach should be a control effect. To warm company can be tailored for different users to design, material selection, construction, to meet the different levels of customer needs.六、地暖常见问题1、地板采暖系统的使用寿命多长？地暖系统使用寿命主要讲是埋管的使用寿命，因为地上部分可以更换，因此，地暖选管是使用寿命的关键。 现在用于地暖系统的管材一般为PE-RT、PEX（a、b、c）、Pb管材等，PE-RT的使用在65度以下，工作压力不超过0.4Mpa，PEX、Pb管材的使用工况（耐压、耐高温)都优于PE-RT，长期工作温度可在95度至零70度范围内。但Pb管材造价较高，固市场应用较少。PEX无论在国内、国外因其性能稳定、价格适中被广泛应用，PE-Xb是地暖系统中应用最早也是最广，最为成熟的地暖管材，其中综合性能pe-xb为优，地暖管材的生产符合标准，设计和使用在正常的产品标准范围内，实际寿命都超过50年，可以认为：地暖系统基本与建筑物寿命相当。2、地板采暖系统造价如何？地暖系统价格由地下隐蔽结构选材、控制系统以及热源的配备情况决定的。地下隐蔽结构中的管材、保温材料及各种辅材，选材不同价格相差很大，相同的选材，价格差别一般不会很大，过低的价格只能意味着选取了伪劣甚至不能达到基本性能要求的材料。 针对不同用户需求，地暖公司推出数种地板采暖系统套餐。控制系统的配备取决于用户想达到的舒适度和性价比，为达到不同的控制性能，选取的系统价格可能相差数十倍，现在不少地暖队伍没有设计能力，不是没有控制系统，就是盲目选取某一单项高端产品，使系统不匹配，达不到应获得的控制效果。地暖公司 可针对不同用户进行量体裁衣式设计、选材、施工，满足不同层次客户需求。 3, radiant floor heating how the running costs like? The running costs of radiant floor heating than convection heating system can often be reduced by 20% -40%. Now many articles on the comparison of the lack of comparability of operating expenses: first, the room where the floors, the room toward, wall insulation status, size, and whether to adopt the double glazing insulating glass, etc., causing the house insulation, thermal conditions vary widely, such as single house multi-faceted wall direct contact with the outside world more heat, if the insulation does not do well, the room to achieve the same temperature, the heat may be required for the multiply. Second, each family used to working with different families need the comfort of the temperature difference between 2 5 , while others sooner or later, the family used two half-hour window for natural ventilation, which are the impact on the running costs. Floor heating method using radiation heating, heating, consistent with physiological demand curve, an indoor set temperature even lower than the convective heating and 2 5 , also enable people to have the same warm feeling, while floor heating using low-temperature heat source, temperature transmission greatly reduced heat loss, heat efficient than convection heating, greatly improved, which makes the system operating costs reduced by 20 30%. If selected, the control system used properly, can not only improve room comfort, but also make the system operating costs be reduced to 40% or even more. 4, the plot is the central heating can be installed in heating system? Heating or central air-conditioning central heating in residential hot water supply temperature of 60 - 90 , if they are directly connect to the regular (PE-RT) temperature of the floor heating system is clearly too high, not only because of high surface temperatures caused by the human body discomfort, but also reduces the ground heating system life. To warm the company imported mixed center in the central heating-home-side bypass to connect the establishment of mixed-floor heating system, floor heating system to warm the water temperature was controlled at the required 30 - 50 temperature, or using high temperature (95 ) ground heating pipe (PE-Xb, Pb), you can use the floor heating system.3、地板辐射采暖的运行费用怎么样？地板辐射采暖的运行费用通常可以比对流供暖系统降低20%-40%。现在很多文章对运行费用的对比缺乏可比性：首先房间所在楼层、房间朝向、墙体保温状况、玻璃窗大小及是否采用双层中空玻璃等造成房子保温、散热状况相差很大，譬如单体别墅多面墙体直接与外界接触散热多些，如果保温做得不好，房间要达到同样温度，所需供热量可能成倍增加。其次，每个家庭的使用习惯不同，不同家庭需要的舒适温度相差25，也有的家庭习惯早晚两次各半小时开窗自然通风，这些都对运行费用造成影响。地板采暖采用辐射方式供暖，供暖符合人体生理需求曲线，室内设定温度即使比对流式采暖低 25 , 也能使人们有相同的温暖感觉 , 同时地板采暖采用低温热源，温差传热损失大大减小，热效率较对流供暖大大提高，这可使系统运行费用降低2030%。如果选取、使用了控制系统得当，不仅可以提高房间舒适度，更可以使系统运行费用降低至40%以至更多。 4、小区是集中供热，可以安装地暖系统吗？可以。暖气或中央空调集中供热的小区热水供应温度为 60 90 ，如果直接连接普通（PE-RT）地板采暖系统显然温度过高，不仅会因地表温度过高造成人体不适，还降低了地暖系统的寿命。地暖公司采用进口混流中心，在集中供热入户端设立混流旁路连接地板采暖系统，将地板采暖系统的水温控制在地暖所需的 30 50 温度，或是采用耐高温（95）的地暖管材（PE-Xb、Pb），即可使用地板采暖系统5, you need to to do the boiler heating system is designed to buy?In the northern region in general have a special offer to warm water heating, ground heating system design can take advantage of the companys existing natural gas, electricity, solar energy, ground-source heat pumps, air source heat pump, heat and other heat sources other systems. In the warm southern regions to the north does not look like a central heating, south wall-hung boilers household use is generally able to provide heating and domestic hot water! Of course, sometimes the need for further improvement of existing heat source, for example, is now the largest residential developers are in accordance with the required heat load of heating an area of the boiler model selection, for the district within the larger Unit, used to warm water circulation line after the lengthened, boiler circulating pump head comes with pipes may be insufficient, leading to heating system temperature do not increase, then a pipe may be necessary to increase the circulating pump, such a situation we have seen in your boiler manual re-calculated after the determination. 5需要为地暖系统专门购买锅炉吗？在北方地区一般都有专门的供热公司提供地暖热水，地暖公司的系统设计可以利用现有天然气、电、太阳能、地源热泵、空气源热泵、其他系统余热等各种热源。在南方地区地暖就不像北方一样是集中供热，南方地区家庭使用一般是壁挂炉，能同时提供供暖和生活热水！当然，有些时候需要对现有的热源进行一些改造，譬如，现在开发商都是按照小区最大采暖面积所需热负荷进行锅炉型号选择，对于小区内较大的户型，采用地暖后热水循环管路加长，锅炉自带管道循环泵扬程可能不够，导致地暖系统温度上不去，这时就可能需要增加一个管道循环泵，这种情况要在我们看到您的锅炉说明书后经计算再行判定。6, how to choose floor heating products? To achieve good heating effect, to warm the product selection should be guided by the following principles: First of all, to choose an experienced professional to warm company. To warm the industry known as the six sub-products, a quarter of install feature, the heating system from the program design, product selection, construction and installation to after-sales service, professional self-evident, without the participation of professionals, on the one hand will affect the heating effect or cause the system to greatly reduce the life of the other hand, in the long-term use in the greater energy consumption, increased use of fees. Secondly, we must choose-performance products, high cost-effective system. Floor heating is a systems engineering and professional companies to warm the room according to the user structure, towards, layout designs and drawings to determine the implementation plan, targeted to select high-quality performance, cost-effective pipe, insulation materials, control systems, jerry can to avoid the guerrillas lay hidden for long-term use, but also can make systematic price matching, to achieve comfortable, energy-saving overall effectiveness.6、如何选择地板采暖产品？要想取得良好的采暖效果，地暖产品的选择应遵循以下原则：首先，要选择经验丰富的专业地暖公司。地暖行业素有“六分产品、四分安装”的特点，采暖系统从方案设计、产品选型、施工安装到售后服务，专业性不言而喻，如果没有专业人员的参与，一方面会影响采暖效果或导致系统寿命大为降低，另一方面会在长期使用中加大系统能耗、增加使用费用。其次，要选择性能优异的产品、性价比较高的系统。地板采暖是一项系统工程，专业的地暖公司可以根据用户房间的结构、朝向、布局进行图纸设计和确定施工方案，有针对性地选择高质量性能、高性价比的管材、保温材料、控制系统，既可避免游击队偷工减料为长期使用埋下隐患，又可以使系统性价匹配，达到舒适、节能的总体效果。 7, laying to warm after the number of rooms on the ground should be heightened? Purchase of affordable housing (usually storey 2.6 m clear height less than 2.5 m) used to warm the owners are most concerned about, the higher the number of the ground. Floor Heating systems can shop for different surface materials design, such as the use of solid wood flooring, insulation layer and ground heating pipes laid on the wooden floor under the keel in, or backfilling floor heating will not play after the keel laying of solid wood flooring directly to the ground basically not improve; use of brick and stone, backfill layer can make use of local brick and stone laying for the construction of a high degree of occupation of the room can be reduced to 2-4cm. For the purchase of commercial housing owners (usually layer tall at 2.8 meters), no need to consider floor heating system for high-occupancy room, simply consider the various rooms toward the functional select what floors, wood, floor heating company will give a professional design program the maximum extent, raise the users comfort.7、