《商务英语毕业论》word版.doc

南京人口学院毕 业 论 文作 者： 张颖 学 号：06720229学 系： 外语系 专 业： 商务英语 题 目:A Tentative Analysis of Prof.Zhang PeijisTranslation from the Perspective ofTranslation Aesthetics指导者： 殷健 讲师 (姓 名) (专业技术职务)2010 年 5 月 南 京 AbstractProse is a literary style on a par with poem, novel and drama. With the introduction of the vernacular Chinese, a constellation of essayists have come to the fore together with their works. The study on the prose translation，an indispensable section of the integrated translation system, should have been stressed. However, it has been ignored over decades on a large scale in that prose translation is a complicated process for its connotations proper, readability and some other realistic reasons. Though those who devote themselves to C-E translation and also done a great contribution are originally few in number, still less those who can exactly transmit the spiritual resemblance and mood beauty in the process of the prose translation, there are still some distinguished celebrities who glisten in the field of prose translation. Prof.Zhang Peiji and his translation is a typical manifestation. In his earlier days, he served as a journalist of Shanghai Liberty Western Newspaper and later he came to USA for further education and was back to China after the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949. From 1980 on, he picked up his teaching career in Beijing Foreign Trade University. Besides natural, fluent, correct, delicate, apposite language on the sentence level, he also spares no efforts to strive for recreating the vividness and beauty of the discourse, of which his great contributions to the translation theory and practice come.The prose identifies itself from the other genres in many respects, especially the aesthetic effect it embodies. This thesis compares and analyses aesthetic equivalence of the originals and the processed texts in the prose translation. The author attempts to make a tentative study on the two volumes of Selected Modern C-E Prose Writings from a new perspective of the aesthetics(mainly translation aesthetics) proposed by Professor .Liu Miqing. With the close combination of the translation theory and her own apperception in the translation practice, the author generalizes some concrete approaches to conveying beauty, such as the accurate choice of the word, the reproduction of the beautiful rhythms, the adoption of English idioms and set phrases and the conveyance of the vivid images and mood beauty. Meanwhile, a qualified translator should take into consideration Chinese culture, language habits and public mentality in accomplishing a satisfactory prose translation.Key words: Zhang Peiji; Selected Modern C-E Prose Writings；Ttranslation Aaesthetics; Pprose TtranslationI摘 要散文是与诗歌、小说和戏剧相并列文学体裁，他们在文学史上占有着举足轻重的地位。伴随着白话文开始普及，优秀的散文家和散文作品纷纷涌现。散文翻译研究作为整个翻译研究系统中不可或缺的一部分，本应该受到高度重视，却因散文自身内涵的不易传达性、意境美感的独特性和其他一些现实原因，数十年来在相当大程度上受忽视。目前，中国从事汉英散文翻译研究的工作者本来就不多，而能够准确地传译出散文“神韵”、“内涵”的更是寥寥无几。本文将介绍散文翻译界泰斗张培基。张先生耕耘译苑五十年，早期曾担任上海自由西报、中国评论周刊的记者。1946年，张先生在闻名国际的东京审判中担任翻译人员，后留学美国深造。新中国成立后，他饱怀着对祖国的热爱之情，回国后从事教育事业曾任职对外贸易大学。张先生很早就开始翻译实践与翻译教学，并著有多本相关著作，如：英汉翻译教程、习语汉译英研究、英译中国现代散文选（三辑）等。他对词汇的准确选择、句子的灵活变通、语篇的神韵再现，对中国现代散文翻译理论，尤其是翻译实践做出了巨大的贡献。散文不同于一般的应用文，其显著的特点之一就是具有美学效果。本文旨在从散文翻译的美感等效入手，对比分析散文翻译的原文和译文的美学效果。笔者运用刘宓庆教授提出的翻译美学理论，对张培基教授翻译的英译中国现代散文选（一、二两辑）进行分析研究，并为其研究提供一个新的视角美学视角。笔者以此两本书为例，并结合自身翻译实践，总结性地提出了在散文翻译中传达美感的一些具体方法，精确选词，谱写节奏，多用英语习语、固定词组，意境再现等。一篇令人满意的翻译作品一定也是与中国文化、语言习惯、群众心理紧密联系的。关键词：张培基；英译中国现代散文选；翻译美学；散文翻译VVACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIm greatly indebted to all those who have done their bits to the production of this thesis. Without their support and encouragement, this thesis would not have been possible.My deep gratitude first goes to my supervisor who has not only fortified my determination in staging a study on such a unique subject, but also ardently provided some relevant materials to me. Its also him who aroused my interest in translation, gave me great instructions during my undergraduate years and guided me through the labyrinth in learning.My heart-felted thanks then go to the teachers who have taught me and have a great impact on me with their erudition and excellent personalities in the college. I, for my part, benefit a lot from them in scholarship as well as in self-cultivation.Finally, I am also greatly appreciative of my parents and my dearest friends Chen Xia and Xu Caiyun who have done a lot in reference-library for my own sake. Im really grateful for their prompt help and endless encouragement both in life and in study. Zhang YingCONTENTSAbstract I中文摘要.IIAcknowledgements.IIIContents.IVChapter 1 Introduction11.1 Purpose and Significance of the Thesis.11.2 Structure of the paper.1Chapter 2 Theoretical Basis.3 2.1Translation Theories.3 2.1.1 Foreign Studies on Translation Theories.3 2.1.2 Domestic Studies on Translation Theories.3 2.2 Translation Aesthetics.4 2.2.1 Aesthetics .4 2.2.2 Translation Aesthetics.4Chapter 3 A Tentative Analysis of Prof.Zhangs Works.63.1 Stylistic features of Prose and Prose Translation.63.2 Translation skills employed in Prof.Zhangs works.63.2.1 Literal Translation and Free translation.73.2.2 Transliteration.7 3.2.3 Cultural Explanation and Annotation.8Chapter4 Approaches of Transferring Beauty10 4.1 Choosing Accurate Words.104.2 Reproducing Beautiful Rhythms114.3 Adopting English Idioms or Set Phrases11 4.4 Creating vivid Images and Mood Beauty.12Chapter 5 Conclusion.13References.14Chapter One Introduction1.1 Purpose and Significance of the StudyWith the advent of the age of the cultural transmission, prose stands out from other genres due to its unique characteristics. The study on the prose translation, a lions share of the translation activities, should have been stressed. However, it has been ignored over decades on a large scale while much attention has been paid to the translation of the fiction and poetry. Though there has been a conspicuous lack of those who have devoted themselves to C-E translation and also done a great contribution, still less who can exactly transmit the spiritual resemblance and mood beauty in the process of the prose translation, some celebrities still glisten in the field of prose translation. Prof.Zhang Peiji and his translation is a typical instance. Besides natural, fluent, correct, delicate, apposite language on the sentence level, he also spares no efforts to strive for recreating the vividness and beauty of the discourse, which generates in the readers a wonderful sensation of significance. Nevertheless, up to now, no monograph on Prof.Zhangs translation is found, and very few theses around this subject, to say nothing of the research on it from the perspective of the aesthetics (mainly on the translation aesthetics).Considering all the above-mentioned factors, the author of this thesis will make a tentative analysis of Prof.Zhangs translation based on his two volumes on Selected Modern C-E Prose Writings from the perspective of the aesthetics not only for giving a full account of the some translation skills (to be faithful to the original version and to be easy to understand) and some concrete approaches to conveying beauty in Prof.Zhangs writings but also for filling up the blanks in the studies of the combination of the prose translation and the aesthetics, in the hope that the thesis will provide some references for those who are given to the prose translation and strive for the conveyance of the aesthetic equivalence in which the artistic concept is the key. Last but not least, the author, deeply taken to the characteristics of the prose translation an emphasis on the spiritual resemblance not the frame resemblance, wishes that the readers interests and appreciation of the prose translation will be roused up after finishing a perusal of the thesis.1.2 Structure of the PaperThis thesis is composed of five chapters with an introduction as chapter One and a conclusion as chapter Five. The first chapter is a general introduction to the thesis, which justifies the importance and significance of the thesis and gives a full account of the thesis as well. The second chapter is the generalization of the theoretical basis, including some studies on translation theories, aesthetics, and translation aesthetics. Chapter Three introduces the characteristic styles of the prose together with prose translation, and makes a relatively deep probe into Prof.Zhangs translation style from the perspective of the aesthetics and expounds skills utilized in Prof.Zhangs translation. Chapter Four explores some concrete approaches to transferring beauty, mainly based on the exemplary materials from Selected Modern Chinese Prose Writings rendered into English by Zhang Peiji). The last chapter is the conclusion of the whole thesis.Chapter Two Theoretical BasisDue to the great differences between Chinese and English essays, the C-E translation has never been an easy task, and there has ever existed a notion that Chinese essays are untranslatable. With the emergence and the maturity of the aesthetics embodied in translation theories, the prose translation, bearing the essence of the Chinese culture, is a matter-of-the-fact, which proves that the essays are not only translatable but also worth translating. 2.1 Translation Theories2.1.1 Foreign Studies on Translation TheoriesThe moment we talk of translation theories of a worldwide influence, we will invariably think of Eugene A. Nida who produced a theory that could foster effective communication of the Good News across all kinds of cultural and linguistics barriers. In his book Toward a Science of Translating, and The Theory and Practice of Translation, he clarified his theory on what he called dynamic equivalence translation, later to be called functional equivalence. Nida believed that all languages possessed the rhetorical devices to fulfill clear, vivid and beautiful expressions. These rhetorical devices had semiotic meanings as well as figurative meanings. Therefore, the translator had to reproduce in the receptor language the lexical meanings, ideological and also the rhetorical features of the original. Going by his theory, a perfect translation of the prose should focus on aesthetic equivalence since a typical characteristic of the prose lies in its artistic concept the author intends to depict. The other relative theory that is worth mentioning is the German Functional Translation Theory which was given full explanations by its representatives Christiane Nord, Hans J.Vermeer, and Katharina Reiss. All these theories make great contributions to the accurate translation of the essays, in particular with the aesthetic attainments.2.1.2 Domestic Studies on Translation (Aesthetics) TheoriesThe most well-known domestic translation theory is boiled down to three characters (Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance) advocated by Yan Fu and it has an extensive impact on the prose translation practice. Faithfulness(信) means being faithful to the original. Expressiveness(达) means expressing the original purpose of the text in a fluent and smooth way. Elegance(雅)means the translation version should be full of literary talent and be elegant and vivid in the choice of word and the recreation of the mood beauty. Similar to Yan Fus theory, Li Yutang proposed a standard: Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Beauty. In contemporary era, many scholars have done their own bits to the maturity of the translation theories. Fu Lei advocated “being alike in spirit” (神似). Later on ,Wang Yizhu put forward the theory of transferring nuance(传神) which referred to the delicate quality in language. Zhang peiji, basing on Yan Fus theory, put forth that the translation criteria could be summarized four characters “忠实，通顺”(faithfulness and smoothness) ,yet the aesthetics can be sensed here and there in the essays of his Selected Modern C-E Prose Writings, which fully justifies the consequence of the elegance and gracefulness of the discourse. The present scholars provide a new perspective (i.e. the aesthetic perspective) of the prose translation and Prof.Zhangs translation also proves the feasibility and the value of translation aesthetic theory raised by Liu Mingqi and later to be upheld and developed by Mao Ronggui.2.2 Translation Aesthetics2.2.1 AestheticsAesthetics is a philosophical study of the aesthetic object and the study of certain states of mind, of which responses, attitudes, emotions are requisite, that are held to be involved in the aesthetic experience.As a subject, aesthetics is a relatively young one even though some scholars have exhibited some valuable notions in the ancient times, for the reason that it has not become an independent science until the 18th century, when German classical philosopher Baomgahton firstly used the term aesthetics to replace the science about perceptual knowledge. It was Wang Guowei and Zhu Guangqian who first introduced the aesthetic system to the Chinese.2.2.2 Translation AestheticsThe combination of aesthetics with the translation gives rise to a new field-translation aesthetics. Looking at all studies of the translation theories, we can reach a consensus that they are invariably tightly connected with the aesthetics. In the development of Chinese translation aesthetic theory, many scholars have made their contribution to it, such as Fu Lei, Zhu Guangqian, Chen Xiying, Liu Miqing, Fu Zhongxuan, to name just a few. Then a problem often haunts us: how can a translator successfully convey the beauty of the source text in his target one? Going by the translation aesthetics proposed by Liu Miqing , an exponent in this school, the aesthetic process of literary translation manifest itself: literary translation can be divided into four steps: the understanding of aesthetic object (aesthetic comprehension), the transformation of the understood object (aesthetic transformation), the improvement of the transformed object (aesthetic improvement) and the final representation of the improved object (aesthetic representation)(Liu Minqing，2005).Several factors constitute the translation aesthetics: aesthetic object (the objective substance involved in the process of aesthetic evaluation activities), aesthetic subject (the person conducting the aesthetic evaluation activities, so the translation aesthetic subject is simply the translator. (Liu Minqing，2005).Chapter Three A Tentative Analysis of Prof.Zhangs Translation from the Perspective of AestheticsIn this chapter, the author will give a brief account of some relevant definitions, such as the definitions of the prose and the prose translation. These introductions are instrumental to readers to attain an outline of the concerned technologies. In addition, Professor.Zhangs translation will be given full illustration concerning some translation skills.3.1 Stylistic Features of Prose and Prose TranslationProse can be defined both in broad sense and in narrow sense. Broadly speaking, writings without verse are regarded as prose, namely, except the poetry. The prose embraces not only all types of literary works but argumentation, exposition, narration and all kinds of applied writings. Narrowly speaking, it is a kind of style going hand by hand with poetry, novel, and drama, but it can be classified into report works, literary messages, biographers works, lyrics, essays and travel essays, preface and postscript, memoir, and scientific works etc. (Gong Guangming, 2004). When we talk of the features of prose, the distinct characteristic that comes upon us is its flexible form and free topic. It is “free form, but sentiments focused” that distinguishes it from the other genres, which is given full explanation in the words “prose is an art language, which roots on sentiments, forms by free and flexible organization, focuses on the mental feeling, and tones on nature of reality”. The prose translation, a representation of the source text, should be attached much attention to the individual, witty and subtle connotations in the original, which calls for the keen observation and individual thinking ability. In a word, prose translation is similar to the prose writing because they both concentrate on the following writing wits: (a) the sentiment and implication reaching the state of contemporary writing standards of putting feeling into thought; (b) to gain proper strategy basing on the understanding of each thought, feeling, point of view and occasion (Gong Guangming, 2004).3.2 Translation Skills Employed in Prof. Zhangs worksWhat will be illustrated in the following text are some strategies employed by Prof.Zhang to achieve aesthetic equivalence in his two volumes of Selected Modern C-E Prose Writings, namely, literal translation (直译)，free translation（意译）transliteration(音译)，cultural explanation(文化说明)，and annotation(加注). All these will be expounded in the following on the basis of sentences in his prose translation.3.2.1 Literal T