外文翻译---铝加工.docx

附录A外文翻译原文部分Aluminum alloy processingAluminum alloy market researchThe aluminum strap is our country national economy development important basis material, widely applies in professions and so on aviation, astronautics, building, printing, transportation, electron, chemical industry, food, medicine. In recent years, under the economical fast developments impetus, our country aluminum straps investment elevated temperature unceasingly, the aluminum strap consumption quantity continued maintains the stable growth. Profession and so on outer wall construction and interior decoration, aluminum foil manufacture, printing, PS version, manufacturing industry, electrical appliances, food packing demands further enhance, become the prime motors which the aluminum strap consumption quantity grows, simultaneously, the transportation shipping industry is becoming the new expense point of growth.Along with the economical development and consumption levels enhancement, the aluminum sheet, the belt, the foil consumption quantity assumes the trend of escalation. Our country aluminum material expense peak after 2005 arrives, and achieves the peak in 2012, the year demand surpasses 10,000,000 tons. But the present our country aluminum sheet strip consumption quantity, average per person expends the world average level 1/2, the board strip expense is the developed country 1/10-1/34, high accuracy aluminum sheet strip dependence import solution. Moreover the import volume large scale is growing every year, expends the growth movement to be obvious, therefore the market prospect favors. The effects of alloying elementsThe properties and characteristics of aluminum, such as density, conductivity, corrosion resistance, finish, mechanical properties, and thermal expansion, are modified by the addition of alloying elements. The resulting effect depends upon the principal alloying elements used, as detailed in the table below.Wrought Alloy DesignationMajor Alloying Elements and Typical Alloy Characteristics1xxx SeriesMinimum 99% aluminumHigh corrosion resistance. Excellent finishability. Easily joined by all methods. Low strength. Poor machinability. Excellent workability. High electrical and thermal conductivity.2xxx SeriesCopperHigh strength. Relatively low corrosion resistance. Excellent machinability. Heat treatable.3xxx SeriesManganeseLow to medium strength. Good corrosion resistance. Poor machinability. Good workability.4xxx SeriesSiliconNot available as extruded products.5xxx SeriesMagnesiumLow to moderate strength. Excellent marine corrosion resistance. Very good weldability.6xxx SeriesMagnesium & SiliconMost popular extrusion alloy class. Good extrudability. Good strength. Good corrosion resistance. Good machinability. Good weldability. Good formability. Heat treatable.7xxx SeriesZincVery high strength. Good machinability. Heat treatable.ProcessingPlastic processing methods will billet aluminum ingot processing to become useful, the primary means of a rolling, extrusion, and forging such as stretching. Aluminum Fabrication in the early 20th century began to form industrial production, 30 years ago, basically used copper production equipment, products mainly used in aircraft manufacturing. After the 1960s, aluminum production has developed rapidly, the annual growth of about 4 to 8 percent, products widely used in aviation, construction, transport, electrical, chemical, packaging and industrial sectors such as daily necessities. Second only to iron and steel output, ranking second in the metal materials. China in the mid-1950s into the larger aluminum processing plants, formed a production system, products have been serialized, there are seven varieties of alloy, produces sheet, strip, foil materials, pipe, bar, sections, wire rod and Forging (free forgings, forging pieces of) eight categories of products.Aluminum and aluminum alloy plastic processing, and should ensure that products meet stability requirements for consistent dimensional accuracy, mechanical properties and good surface quality. We must pay attention to mechanical damage and corrosion prevention and control grain size and organizational structure. These requirements depend largely on the quality of production technology and equipment to ensure that. Aluminum alloy and plastic generally has a better, easier to plastic processing. Al hardware components of the more complex, there is a low melting and metal compounds and other intergovernmental organizations brittle, and its plastic processing of some of the features: a uniform treatment such as the elimination of billet spindle cooling, the internal stress within the crystal and segregation; blank tablet Milling to the surface to remove the low melting of the surface of segregation. Some aluminum to improve corrosion resistance and to carry out the processing of Baolv. Aluminum is overheating sensitivity, we must strictly control the temperature.Looking from the market demand what the amount used are most is the aluminum foil semifinished materials and the aluminum system pot material. Therefore the positive coal group plans product in the near future for hot rolling aluminum volume semifinished product, aluminum plate, decoration aluminum sheet, PS version base, forward for aluminum system pot material. The aluminum system pot material is this plan goal product. initially enters the aluminum processing according to the investigation and study situation and the expert opinion as well as the positive coal group the actual situation, plans to use casts rolls over + the cold rolling technology craft to produce the aluminum strap. casts rolls over + the cold rolling technology craft production aluminum strap is sends in unceasingly continually through the continuous casting rolling mill the aluminum liquid in the revolving roller, simultaneously completes the cooling coagulation and the rolling distorts two process production aluminum tube blank volume, again after working procedure production strap products and so on cold rolling, finishing, cutting. In domestic and foreign is one item very mature and the popular vanguard technology. The hot rolling + cold rolling craft way main technological process is the board spindles casting, the hot rough rolling production aluminum tube blank volume adds the cold rolling.The plate, the strip production use the even roller rolling, essential working procedure for hot rolling, cold rolling, heat treatment and finishing. To duralumin alloy and so on chemical composition complex LY12, LC4, before hot rolling, should carry on uniformized processing. The processing temperature is lower than in generally the alloy the low melting point eutectic temperature 1015, keeps warm for 1224 hours. Duralumin alloys alclad is wraps the aluminum sheet to place passes through the face milling semifinished product spindle both sides, with the aid in hot rolling welded together. Alclad levels thickness is generally plate thickness 4%. Hot rolling carries on generally above the recrystallization temperature. Hot rolling may carry in the single rack reversing mill, or implements the tandem rolling on the multi-racks. In order to raise the rate of finished products and the production efficiency develops the big ingot casting rolling, the spindle is above 1015 tons. The annual output in 100,000 tons following factories, generally reversible hot rolling and uses in the heat with four rollers the volume craft, hot rolling strip thickness is about 68 millimeters. Output 100,000 tons above factories, many after four roller reversible hot-rolling mill cogging uses the single rack or two racks, three racks, five rack tandem rolling, implements the hot finish rolling, strip thickness may amount to 2.53.5 millimeters. After hot rolling strip coiling, takes the cold rolling semifinished materials. Has the best plasticity for the guarantee metal, should carry on under the single-phase organization condition hot rolling. Alloy and so on 2A12 hot rolling cogging temperatures are 400455. The first several while going along strain rate in 10%, later gradually will increase generally. The pure aluminum and the soft aluminum alloy while going along strain rate may reach 50%, the duralumin alloy is about 40%. The hot rolling total strain rate may reach above 90%.The cold rolling often carries on under the room temperature, may obtain the size through the cold rolling to be precise, surface bright and clean and smooth thin plate and strip, and may obtain has the specific mechanical properties work hardening plate and the strip. The cold rolling mainly uses the belt law technique of production, applies four roller reversing mills or four roller irreversible rolling mill carries on the cold rolling, current develops the irreversible rolling mill to carry on the cold rolling. The rolling mill equipment has the hydraulic pressure to depress, the fluid to bend the roller, thickness automatic control system or measured that the roller seam thickness automatic control system and the shape of strip control meter, by the miniature electronic accounting machine control, the record, stores up each kind of parameter, obtains the size to be precise, shape of strip smooth board strip, if 0.18 millimeter strip common difference may amount to 5 the micron. The small factory also has the type law production plate. After the annealing, the aluminum cold-work rate may reach above 90%. The heterogeneity duralumin alloy cold finishing hardening is obvious, needs the intermediate annealing. After intermediate annealings cold-work rate is 6070%. Hot rolling lubricates with the emulsion, the cold rolling already by the emulsion development was the entire oil lubrication. Uses the independent control spray nozzles multistage cooling system, reduces the aluminum sheet and rollers friction, cools the roller, controls the roller, washes off the aluminite powder and other impurities, obtains the good surface quality and the shape of strip.附录B外文翻译译文部分铝加工塑性加工方法将铝坯锭加工成材，主要方法有轧制、挤压、拉伸和锻造等。铝加工在20世纪初开始以工业方式进行生产，30年代以前，基本上沿用铜加工的生产设备，产品主要用于飞机制造。60年代后，铝材生产发展很快，每年大约增长48，产品广泛应用于航空、建筑、运输、电气、化工、包装和日用品工业等部门。产量仅次于钢铁，居金属材料第二位。中国于50年代中期建成较大型的铝加工厂，形成了生产体系，产品已系列化,品种有七个合金系,可生产板材、带材、箔材、管材、棒材、型材、线材和锻件（自由锻件、模锻件）八类产品。铝和铝合金的塑性加工，应保证产品达到稳定、一致的所需尺寸精度、力学性能和良好的表面质量。还要注意防止机械损伤和腐蚀，控制晶粒度和组织结构。这些质量要求主要靠生产工艺及设备来保证。铝及其合金一般具有较好的塑性，易于塑性加工。硬铝的相组分较复杂，存在低熔相和金属间化合物等脆性组织，它的塑性加工具有一些特点：如进行均匀化处理消除坯锭冷却时产生的内应力和晶内偏析；坯锭表面要进行铣削加工，去掉低熔相产生的表面偏析物。某些铝合金为提高耐蚀性和加工性还要进行包铝。铝合金有过热敏感性，必须严格控制加热温度。熔炼和铸造 是为塑性加工提供坯锭。熔炼炉多用燃气反射炉或燃油反射炉，一般容量为2040吨或更大；也采用电阻加热反射炉，容量一般为10吨左右。为缩短装炉时间，提高熔化效率，减少吸收气体和卷入氧化膜，工业上已采用倾转式顶装料圆型炉。熔炼时最好应用快速分析仪器分析合金成分，并及时调整。为保证熔体纯洁，防止有害气体的污染和控制化学成分，除了尽可能缩短熔炼时间外，宜用以氯化钾和氯化钠为主的粉状熔剂覆盖，一般用量为炉料重量的0.42。熔炼温度通常控制在700750。熔化后的金属还需进行精炼和过滤，以除掉金属中的有害气体氢和非金属夹杂物，以提高金属纯洁度。精炼通常用固体精炼剂或气体精炼剂。固体精炼剂一般以氯盐为主，也用以六氯乙烷代替氯盐的精炼剂。早期使用活性强的氯气作气体精炼剂，净化效果虽好，但对环境污染严重,因此发展出氮-氯混合气体、惰性气和三气体（N2、Cl2、CO）精炼剂,效果较好。为保证精炼效果，精炼气体中的氧和水分含量一般应分别小于0.03（体积）和 0.3克/米3。动态真空除气法也具有较好的除气和除钠效果过滤是让熔体金属通过中性或活性材料制成的过滤器，除去熔体中处于悬浮状的夹杂物。常用玻璃丝网、微孔陶瓷管和板、氧化铝粒作过滤床进行过滤，也可用电熔剂精炼、熔剂层过滤。铸造一般采用立式或水平式水冷半连续铸造法。为改善立式铸造的坯锭组织和表面质量，还发展出电磁结晶槽、矮结晶槽和热顶铸造法（见金属的凝固）。水冷半连续铸造法是通过流槽将液体金属导入用水冷却的结晶器内，使液体金属冷却形成凝固的外壳，由铸造机底座牵引或靠自身重量均匀下降而脱出结晶器，形成坯锭。工艺参数因合金成分和坯锭尺寸的不同，差异很大。一般应尽量提高铸造速度和冷却速度，降低结晶槽的高度。铸造温度通常比合金的液相线高50110。此外,还发展出铝板带连续铸轧工艺。板材、带材生产 采用平辊轧制，基本工序为热轧、冷轧、热处理和精整。对化学成分复杂的 LY12、LC4等硬铝合金，热轧前应进行均匀化处理。处理温度一般低于合金中低熔点相的共晶温度1015，保温1224小时。硬铝合金的包铝是