中科院英语考博模拟试题（word）版及答案 模考一.doc

攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题APart I: Vocabulary (20 points)1. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other . A. bruises B. blunders C. handicaps D. drawbacks2. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was _ _ in tropic countries. A. prospective B. prevalent C. provocative D. perpetual3. After several nuclear disasters, a has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A. quarrel B. suspicion C. verdict D. controversy4. He is a(n) and well-behaved child, but his parents worry about him for he talks too little. A. obedient B. transient C. conscious D. passionate5. Mary once with another musician to compose a piece of pop music. A. merged B. collaborated C. coincided D. constituted6. A man has to make for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old. A. supply B. assurance C. provision D. adjustment7. Earl was balancing himself on top of the fence when he lost his and fell off. A. equilibrium B. equivalence C. equivalent D. equation8. The of a society, club, etc, are the records of its doings, especially as published each year. A. procedures B. processes C. proceedings D. projects9. Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves know where to look. A. virtually B. initially C. invariably D. infinitely10. Outsiders have the success of Eastern Asias economics with admiration, wonderment and sometimes hostility. A. gazed B. glanced C. contemplated D. peered11. It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an plan. A. inherent B. ingenious C. infectious D. indulgent12. There are some between their two descriptions; we are puzzled which we should believe.A. discrepancies B. distractions C. diversions D. discretion13. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to dreams were likely to be highly respected.A. interpret B. intervene C. inherit D. impact14. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on .A. consciousness B. impulse C. instinct D. response15. Equipment not official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.A. conforming to B. consistent with C. predominant over D. providing for 16. According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically to construct a pioneering space colony, powered by solar energy.A. practical B. flexible C. feasible D. beneficial17. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly _ _ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather-sensitive people.A. subjective B. subordinate C. liable D. vulnerable18. These areas rely on agriculture almost , having few mineral recourses and a minimum of industrial development.A. respectively B. extraordinarily C. incredibly D. exclusively19. There is no doubt that the of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestige B. superiority C. priority D. publicity20. Military orders are and cannot be disobeyed.A. defective B. conservative C. alternative D. imperative21. Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of grouping is advisable.A. homogenous B. instantaneous C. spontaneous D. anonymous22. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons slowly into the sky.A. ascending B. elevating C. escalating D. lingering23. He obviously displayed a great for some of your poems.A. consent B. admiration C. respect D. pleasure24. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause of vegetables in the coming days.A. rarity B. scarcity C. invalidity D. variety25. The continuous unrest was _ the nations economy.A. exaggerating B. aggravating C. amending D. fastening26. With a wave of his hand, the magician made the duck .A. scatter B. vanish C. abandon D. fly away27. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this _ produces artificial cold surrounding it.A. absorption B. transition C. consumption D. interaction28. They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to it because of the rainy weather.A. cancel B. eliminate C. delay D. prolong29. This dictionary is intended for American learners of Chinese.A. especially B. particularly C. specifically D. uniquely30. A UN official said that aid programs would be until there was adequate protection for relief convoy.A. depended B. suspended C. postponed D. expended31. The problem is that most local authorities lack the _to deal sensibly in this market. A. anticipation B. perception C. prospect D. expertise32. Awards provide a(n)_for young people to improve their skills. A. incentive B. initiative C. fugitive D. captive33. The physician had to visit his patient six _days before the patient could be considered in a fair condition.A. consequent B. consecutive C. consistent D. conservative34. Oil is derived from the _of microscopic sea creatures, and is even older, according to most geologists. A. layouts B. reminders C. remains D. 1eftovers35. Successful students sometimes become so _with grades that they never enjoy their school years. A. passionate B. involved C. immersed D. obsessed36. Apparently there were _between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times. A. distortions B. discrepancies C. disorders D. distractions37. It had been a terrible afternoon for Jane, _at about six oclock in her fathers sudden collapse into unconsciousness. A. converging B. culminating C. finalizing D. releasing38. The 12-year-old civil war had_1.5 million lives. A. declared B. proclaimed C. claimed D. asserted39. The tribe has agreed to contribute 2 percent of net _to charitable activities in the county. A. expenses B. revenues C. budgets D. payments40. Measuring skin fold thickness is considered to be an _ method for estimating the amount of fat on ones body.A. accessible B. accountable C. acceptable D. adaptablePart II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Passage lIn addition to redistributing incomes, inflation may affect the total real income and production of the community. An increase in prices is usually associated with high employment. In moderate inflation, industries are operating efficiently and output is near capacity. There is a great deal of private investment and jobs are plentiful. Such has been the historical pattern. Thus many business persons and union leaders, in evaluating a little deflation and a little inflation, consider the latter to be the lesser of two evils. In mild inflation, the losses to fixed-income groups are usually less than gains to the rest of the community. Even worker with relatively fixed wages are often better off because of improved employment opportunities and greater take-home pay, a rise in interest rates on new securities may partly compensate for any losses to creditor, and increases in pension benefits may partly make losses to retirees.In deflation, on the other hand, the growing unemployment of labor and capital causes the communitys total well-being to be less; so in a sense, the gainers get less than the losers lose. As a matter of fact, in a depression, or a time of severe deflation, almost everyone suffers, including the creditor who is left with uncollectible debts.For these reasons an increase in consumption of investment spending is considered good in times of unemployment, even if this tends to increase prices slightly. When the economic system is suffering from severe depression, few people will criticize private or public spending on the ground that this might be inflationary. Actually, most of this increased spending will increase production and create jobs. Once, full employment and full plant capacity have been reached, however, any further increases in spending are likely to be completely wasted in prices increase.41. Historical patterns mentioned in the passage means that in mild inflation .A. there will be more production and employmentB. private investment will be moderate and peoples income influencedC. the bad effects of the two evils will be associated with each otherD. industrial revolution made men and women more equal42. Which of the following happens if there is mild inflation?A. Everyone loses because of the increase of prices.B. Retired people do experience any influence.C. Creditors gain rather than lose with a rise in interest rates.D. Some people gain more while other lose.43. In times of inflation .A. people like private or public investment B. there is usually full plant capacityC. creditors suffer more than other people D. everyone suffers and no one gains44. The authors attitude towards investment is that .A. the more the investment, the better the economyB. private investment is better than public investmentC. investment should be set to a limitD. investment at the time of inflation is considered better than at the time of deflation45. Which of the following is clearly the authors own opinion?A. The lesser of the two evils is not deflation but inflation.B. Peoples income is influenced by both inflation and deflation.C. Investment is good in times of deflation and unemployment.D. Private and public investment can cause inflation during deflation.Passage 2Perhaps all criminals should be required to carry cards which read: Fragile; Handle with Care. It will never be so, these days to go around referring to criminals as violent thugs. You must refer to them politely as social misfits. The professional killer who wouldnt think twice about using his club or knife to batter some harmless old lady to death in order to rob her of her meager life-savings must never be given a dose of his own medicine. He is in need of hospital treatment. According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame. A wicked society breeds evil-or so the argument goes. When you listen to this kind of talk, it makes you wonder why we arent all criminals. We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the nineteenth century and this is only right. But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in Britain and a number of other countries has been the suspension of capital punishment. The violent criminal has become akin of hero-figure in our time. He is glorified on the screen: he is pursued by the press and paid vast sums of money for his memoirs. Newspapers which specialize in crime reporting enjoy enormous circulations and the publishers of trashy cops and robbers stories or murder mysteries have never had it so good. When you read about the achievements of the great train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about the some glorious resistance movement. The hardened criminal is cuddled and cosseted by the sociologists on the one hand and adored as a hero by the masses on the other. Its no wonder he is a privileged person who expects and receives VIP treatment wherever he goes.Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent. It made the violent robber think twice before pulling the trigger. It gave the cold-blooded poisoner something to ponder about while he was shaking up or serving his arsenic cocktail. It prevented unarmed policemen from being killed while pursuing their duty by killers armed with automatic weapons. Above all, it protected the most vulnerable members of society, young children, from brutal violence. It is horrifying to think that the criminal can literally get away with murder. We all know that life sentence does not mean what it says. After ten years or so of good comfortably, thank you, on the proceeds of his crime, of he will go on committing offences until he is caught again. People are always willing to hold liberal views at the expense of others. Its always fashionable to pose as the defender of under-dog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. Did the defenders of crime, one wonders, in their desire for fair-play, consult the victims before they suspended capital punishment? Hardly. You see, they couldnt, because all the victims were dead.46. What is the main idea of the text?A. Society is to blame for the rising crime.B. All the criminals are to be sympathized.C. Crime defenders have done a lot for criminals.D. Severe punishment should be used to prevent crime.47. In the authors opinion, all the following are to blame for crime EXCEPT .A. society B. the criminals themselvesC. the suspension of life sentence D. the defenders role48. The word deterrent(Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means .A. threat B. delay C. determination D. hindrance49. What is the tone of the text?A. Critical. B. Cynical. C. Ironic. D. Humorous.50. What is the authors attitude toward capital punishment?A. Negative. B. Sympathetic. C. Supportive. D. Neutral.Passage 3The gravitational pull of the Earth and moon is important to us as we attempt to conquer more and more of outer-space. Heres why.As a rocket leaves the Earth, the pull of the Earth on it becomes less and less as the rocket roars out into space. If you imagine a line between the Earth the pull of the Earth and the moon, there is a point somewhere along that line, nearer to the moon than to the Earth, at which the gravitation pull of both the Earth and the moon on an object is just about equal. An object placed on the moon side of that point would be drawn to the moon. An object placed on the Earth side of that point would be drawn to the Earth. Therefore, a rocket need be sent only to this point of no return in order to get it to the moon. The moons gravity will pull it the rest of the way.The return trip of the rocket to Earth is, in some ways, less of a problem. The Earths gravitational field reaches far closer to the moon than does the moons to Earth. Thus it will be necessary to fire an Earthbound rocket only a few thousand miles away from the moon to reach a point where the rocket will drift to earth under the Earths gravitational pull.The problem of rocket travel is not so much concerned with getting the rocket into space as it is with guiding the rocket after it leaves the Earths surface. Remember that the moon is constantly circling the Earth. A rocket fired at the moon and continuing in the direction in which it was fired would miss the moon by a wide margin and perhaps continue to drift out into space until captured in another planets gravitational field. To reach the moon, a rocket must be fired toward the point where the moon will be when the rocket has traveled the required distance. This requires precise calculations of the speed and direction of the rocket and of the speed and direction of the moon.For a rocket to arrive at a point where the moons gravity will pull it the rest of the way, it must reach a speed called velocity of escape. This speed is about 25,000 miles per hour. At a speed less than this, a rocket will merely circle the Earth in an orbit and eventually fall back to Earth.51. This passage deals mainly with .A. the gravitational pull of the Earth and the moonB. the factors involved in firing a rocket into the outer-spaceC. the gravitational fields of the Earth and the moonD. the speed and direction of a rocket traveling in the outer-space52. It can be seen that if a rocket misses its target, it keeps on traveling through space until .A. it burns upB. it is caught in the gravitational field of another planetC. it is brought back to the Earth by scientistsD. it runs out of fuel53. A rocket might miss its target, by a wide margin. This means the rocket missed the target .A. because of mechanical failure B. by a great dealC. by a small distance D. because the target moved54. According to the passage, the most difficult task of firing a rocket is .A. to get the rocket into the spaceB. to calculate the rockets velocity of escapeC. to guide the rocket after it leaves the Earths surfaceD. to identify the gravitational fields of the Earth and the moon55. Precise calculations are .A. good guesses B. simple problems C. big errors D. exactPassage 4A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically proved by economists that the laws of society make it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today