外文翻译--防范矸石山灾害.docx

中文2965字英文原文：Prevention hill hazardThe coal stone is the solid waste that the coal mine,wash to choose to process to produce in the process, if the heap of the permissive coal stone put, not only press to have a great deal of land, the influence ecosystem environment, and the coal stone Be suffering to pour a function of dissolve the water under, will pollute circumferential soil and the groundwater.In the meantime, because of implying a certain combustible thing in the coal stone, at certainly under condition will take place from the , exhaust harmful airs, such as a sulphur dioxide,nitrogen oxide,the carbon oxide and smoke and dust.etc., pollute the atmosphere environment, the serious influence mineral area residents healthy body.If the coal mountain heap saves a way not appropriate, can also take place landslide, to fall,collapse etc.the disaster trouble.Certainly, the coal stone is also the precious resources that can make use of, can used to generate electricity,make brick,withdraw a chemical engineering product and burn to make cement, to fill to fall to sink area,repair road.etc.The comprehensive development makes use of the coal mine stone mountain, not only can improve the mineral area environment effectively, avoid surprised disaster trouble of the stone mountain, and variable discard for the treasure, the economy energy, manage pollution of the environment, have the important economic performance and social performance. The national coal mine stone mountain basic circumstance The our country coal mine produce currently under condition, the coal mine the stone in the process exhausts to have great capacity is a raw coal about of 10%;The coal washes to choose to process process to exhaust to have great capacity in the stone about select 15% of the quantity for the raw coal20%.In 2004, national and each kind of coal mine produced coal mine 1,956,000,000 tons, washing coal 600,000,000 tons or so, press this have calculation, whole year the stone exhausted quantity about 380,000,000 tons.In recent years, though national coal industrial section enlargement the processing of the coal stone and make use of, according to statistics incompletely, currently national coal mine area is the total amount heap the coal stone for put is about 4,500,000,000 tons, the scale bigger coal stone mountain contain more than 1600s, taking up a land about 15,000 hectares through the years, and every year return to be increase with the speed of 1.5-200,000,000 tons. The main type of the stone mountain disaster The coal mine stone mountain the main disaster type have:While being the stone mountain occurrence landslide.Such as February 28th in 2004, province in Anhui the south city gathered the coal mine stone mountain lately the stone to take place landslide because of adopt, resulting in 9 personnels die.Two is the stone mountain to fall to cause a slippery ascent.Such as June 5th in 2004, the south mineral industry company east woods coal mine stone mountain fell to cause a slippery ascent, result in heavy celebrated city ten thousand prosperous areas ten thousand new village in the east town 14 residents common peoples houseses drive ruin, 21 people death, 3 people get hurt.Three is from theto collapse.Such as May 15th in 2005, even coal group four mineral stone mountains took place successively twice to collapse disaster from the , resulting in 8 people die in an accident totally, more than 100 personses get hurt, 6 among those peoples severely wounded;Again such as 1975, the kiln fell to sink area to take place the stone mountain an explosion trouble on the sweet , the mushroom cloud is up to 100 meters, 200 meters temperature inside the scope reaches to 500 degrees.This time trouble the personnel die 20 people, severely wounded more than 40 stone personses;Two kilometers of inside of tree all drive burnt, 12 air ascent environment of the square kilometers drive serious pollution, the output smoke and dust spread on severalth.Four is the stone mountain the creation is from the of the poisonous air result in to suffocate to die.It imply part of combustible things in the coal stone, at under certain condition take place from the exhaust the harmful air of, not only pollute the atmosphere the environment seriously, and the poisonous air can also result in the personnel suffocate to die.Such as Liaoning originally the river mineral District has ever take place because the stone results in poisoned death of personnel from the of trouble.In the meantime, the coal stone morals and custom empress dust influences peripheral environment seriously;The coal stone is suffering to pour a function of dissolve the water under, will pollute its circumferential soil and the groundwater. Guard against the main technique of the stone mountain disaster. Put out the technique measure that the stone mountain becomes angry from the .The stone mountain occurrence after, the most in common use put out a method to have:The excavation puts out a method,surface to overlay a method and sprinkles to infuse a method and notes the syrup method.Surfaces pour overlaying a method is loess etc. the sloth material overlay on the burnable area, isolating air to extinguish fire by attain a purpose.Surfaces the sprinkling to infuse a method is to combustion the area spray the lime milk or other to extinguish fire the syrup liquid, lowering the fire area the temperature on the other hand, in the meantime make use of some compositions in the syrup liquid is overlay in the stone surface, obstruct the stone to oxidize further.Note the syrup method will extinguish fire material to ask for help again the machine dint to press it after make into the syrup liquid into the stone mountain inner part, making the syrup liquid permeate the crevice that the fills to the stone mountain in.Above several kinds stone extinguish fire a method in common usely each have merit and shortcoming, surfaces overlaying the method weakness is to need a great deal of loess, the engineering have great capacity;The surface sprinkles to infuse a method to go in brief and easily, but extinguishes fire the syrup liquid hard the infiltration stone mountain inner part, the result isnt quite right;Note the syrup method result best, adopt this method more at home and abroad. The soil plants a quilt green turn to manage a slippery ascent of the stone mountain.The adoption plants methods, such as forest and plant.etc. to come green turn the stone mountain to be not a few way of doings with the most in common use mineral areas currently, and manage the result of the stone mountain also more ideal, can cure for good the dust and stone mountain to collapse to fall effectively.Usually appear the mudslide,big area slippery ascent etc. phenomenon during the period of raining season such as the water city mineral industry(group) big river bank coal mine original stone the mountain.In order to manage the stone mountain thoroughly, that mineral carries out a fragrant root grass living creature to manage engineering.Pass by 4 years manage, now then the stone top of hill, basic all full with the concentration connect the fragrant root of the slice grass, the stone have mountain didnt take place mudslide again with slippery ascent phenomenon. The applied microorganism takes off the sulphur rule of law reason stone mountain disaster.The key that the stone mountain manage is the problem that resolves the sulphur in the stone.The adoption plants a quilt a method in brief to manage and usually cant be real cancellation the mineral area air pollution and soil and water of sour turn a problem, and long-distance leave the carrying soil cost higher, plant is grow bad, such as bad management, may also appear from the phenomenon.Adopt the microorganism takes off the sulphur technique, passing to carry on taking off the sulphur and the acidity improvement to the stone, it is by the root to reduce to bring pollution to environment.Currently, this technique is basic to experiment success in the Chinese mineral industry university. The coal stone synthesizes to make use of present condition. Practice enunciation, the coal stone the comprehensive exploitation exterminate the most exhaustive method in the stone mountain disaster the trouble.In recent years, the our country coal mine is a particularly have stateowned point coal mine, synthesizing to make use of aspect in the coal mine stone, obtaining certain result and experience. Make use of the coal stone generate electricity.The our country has already succeeded to develop a coal stone,the coal mire to mix to burn of flow to turn the bed boiler circularly, solve dissimilarity low hot value fuel mixture combustion of technique hard nut to crack.Currently, the folw national stone power station pack the machine capacity to have already the developped to 5,000,000 kilowatts or so, the stone of the generates stone electricity to consume the stone quantity about 45,000,000 tons annually or so, have the stone to synthesize 60% of make use of the quantity or so. Make use of the coal stone system brick.Currently the our country coal stone system brick craft,stove kiln design,produce an equipments basic near to flourishing and national level, the coal stone system brick business enterprise just at to intensive turn,large turn the direction development, product from solid brick to many bore brick and the hollow brick direction development.Such as new mineral in Shandong industry group etc. the unit set up the coal stone brick production line is more than 20, the ability of each production line is above 60,000,000 all. Make use of the coal stone produces a high dditional value a product.Our country developed the coal stone production increase the white and super and thin high soil and produce to have no machine compound fatty with the have microorganism organic fertilizer etc. technique, perfect make use of the coal stone production chlorination aluminum and come together the chlorination aluminum to equalize techniques, such as the work product,asbestos and its ware and special kind aluminum iron metal alloy,the aluminum metal stone alloy.etc. Make use of the coal stone replied to fall to sink area,repair road.etc. to obtain the better social performance and environment performance.The coal stone fills to fall to sink area,repair road in the ,the water and soil conservation,farm crop plant the top of the technique of etc. to also obtain to compare to break greatly, raising the stone and the utilization of the lands availably.Make use of such as new mineral in Shandong industry group total amount 200 have another ten thousand ton coal stones, manage the come firewood the river cross-straits of flow through the mineral area to adopt the sand pit and parts of mineral wells to mine to fall to sink area, reply the development land more than 500 acreses. The key problem and the suggestion of exist. Key problem.Manage the devotion shortage while being the stone mountain disaster, the technocracy standard isnt perfect.Analyze in recent years the stone mountain important trouble reason, is the coal mine enterprise security to owe on the other hand more, even enlargement the safety devotion, also mainly used for well to descend or produce the of the engineering to suffer from manage, neglect to the stone mountain disaster have to of guard against to manage.BE the stone mountain disaster to manage the technique standard,the management norm on the other hand not sound, manage the stone mountain disaster technique research less towards guard against, be in need of a valid technique support.Two is the coal stone to synthesize to make use of total level not high.The technique material fall behind, the business enterprise scale is small, competing an ability not strong, develop delay effect have shortage.Such as the national coal stone brickyard of average produce an ability not enough 10,000,000 pieces of standard bricks, and the species one, cant adapt a market demand.Three is everyplace the coal stone synthesize to make use of development unbalance.Opposite missing in the energy of region, the coal stone synthesize to make use of a development quicker, such as east,southwest region, the coal stone comprehensive utilization generally above 60%.But opposite abundant in the coal resources of region, synthesize to make use of a development slower.Four is the special policy implementation is difficult, disadvantage in transfer the aggressive that the coal mine manages the stone mountain.The nation generates electricity,get to the such Internet,give or get an electric shock price and adjusts in the coal stone etc. already set some special policies, but examine and approve,combine a net to generate electricity in the item because of various reason etc. still more difficult, lend money a condition to also compare to engrave. The counterplan suggest.One is strengthen science and technology to offend a pass, guard against with the comprehensive exploitation for the stone mountain disaster, provide the technique guarantee.Techniques such offending the point of the pass currently BE:The stone mountain becomes angry from the of put out,the stone mountain microorganism take off sulphur,the stone mountain soil to plant a quilt green turn to manage,75 tons/hours above of flow to turn limestone inside the bed boiler technique,stove to take off the sulphur and static electricity circularly in addition to dust technique etc.Two is practice a special policy, promote the comprehensive business exploitation of the coal stone.Mainly include the coal stone exploitation to give the revenue from tax reduce to dont need;Encourage various all make economic corpus to participate a comprehensive development of the coal mine stone exploitation;The important coal stone that supports the coal business enterprise makes use of item, generating electricity to get to the Internet to give or get an electric shock price and can contrast such as the coal stone can the renewable energy method medium generate electricity to the wind energies of policy.Three is the coal mine business enterprise to want the enlargement devotion, work well to guard against and manage.The coal mine business enterprise should suffer from carrying on an overall row to check to the stone mountain , earnest implementation the stone mountain disaster prevention responsibility system, implementation the measure and budget, manage quickly.Four is in the contents that the department concerned wants to guard against the coal mine stone mountain disaster and manages to be included in to take charge of to inspect to enforce the law a work, check an each kind of stone mountain disaster trouble by law, the department the concerned of the local government wants to strengthen the stone mountain disaster to guard against and manages a work.中文译文防范矸石山灾害煤矸石是煤炭开采、洗选加工过程中产生的固体废弃物，如果放任煤矸石的堆放，不仅压占大量土地，影响生态环境，而且煤矸石在遭受淋溶水的作用下，将污染周围的土壤和地下水。同时，因煤矸石中含有一定的可燃物，在一定条件下会发生自燃，排放出二氧化硫、氮氧化物、碳氧化物和烟尘等有害气体，污染大气环境，严重影响矿区居民的身体健康。如果煤矸山堆存方式不当，还可发生塌方、垮塌、崩塌等灾害事故。当然，煤矸石也是可利用的宝贵资源，可用作发电、制砖、提取化工产品、烧制水泥、充填塌陷区、修路等。综合开发利用煤矿矸石山，不仅可有效改善矿区环境，避免矸石山意外灾害事故，而且可变废为宝，节约能源，治理环境污染，具有重要的经济效益与社会效益。全国煤矿矸石山基本情况在目前我国煤矿生产条件下, 煤炭开采过程中的矸石排放量大约为原煤的10%20%；煤炭洗选加工过程中矸石排放量大约为原煤入选量的15%20%。2004年，全国各类煤矿生产煤炭19.56亿吨，洗煤6亿吨左右，按此计算，全年矸石排放量在3.8亿吨左右。近年来,尽管全国煤炭工业部门加大了煤矸石的处理与利用，但据不完全统计，目前全国煤矿区历年累计堆放的煤矸石约45亿吨，规模较大的煤矸石山有1600多座，占用土地约1.5M公顷，而且每年还以1.52.0亿吨的速度增加。矸石山灾害的主要类型煤矿矸石山主要灾害类型有：一是矸石山发生塌方。如2004年2月28日，安徽省淮南市新集煤矿矸石山因采用矸石发生塌方，造成9名人员死亡。二是矸石山垮塌引起滑坡。如2004年6月5日，南桐矿业公司东林煤矿矸石山垮塌引起滑坡，造成重庆市M盛区M东镇新华村14户居民民房被毁，21人死亡，3人受伤。三是自燃崩塌。如2005年5月15日，平煤集团四矿矸石山先后发生两次自燃崩塌灾害，共造成8人遇难，100多人受伤，其中6人重伤；又如1975年，甘肃上窑塌陷区发生了一起矸石山爆炸事故，蘑菇云高达百米，200米范围内温度达500度。这次事故人员死亡20人，重伤40余人；两公里内的树木都被烧焦，12平方公里的空气环境被严重污染，产生的烟尘数日不散。四是矸石山自燃产生的有毒气体造成窒息死亡。煤矸石中含有部分可燃物，在一定条件下发生自燃时排放出的有害气体，不仅严重污染大气环境，而且有毒气体还可造成人员窒息死亡。如辽宁本溪矿区就曾发生因矸石自燃造成人员中毒死亡的事故。同时，煤矸石风化后扬尘严重影响周边环境；煤矸石在遭受淋溶水的作用下，将污染其周围的土壤和地下水。防范矸石山灾害的主要技术熄灭矸石山自燃发火的技术措施。矸石山发生自燃后，最常用熄灭方法有：挖掘熄灭法、表面覆盖法、浇灌法和注浆法。表面覆盖法是将黄土等惰性物质覆盖在燃烧区上，隔绝空气，以达到灭火目的。表面浇灌法是向燃烧区喷洒石灰乳或其它灭火浆液，一方面降低火区温度，同时利用浆液中的某些成份被覆盖在矸石表面，阻止矸石进一步氧化。注浆法是将灭火材料制成浆液后，再借助机械力将其压入矸石山内部，使浆液渗透充填到矸石山的空隙中。以上几种常用的灭火