片机技术的发展和应用中英文翻译资料.doc

路灯稳压控制系统设计Technology Development and Application of Single-chipAbstract: Since the advent of single chip since the compact because of its flexibility, low cost, control, and ease of production, such as advantages, in all areas of society have been widely used. In this paper, single-chip technology development and application are discussed.Key words: single-chip application1 single-chip technology The so-called single-chip microcomputer (m1crocontroller) is defined as an integrated chip, integrated microprocessor (CPU), memory, basic I / O interfaces and timer / counter, communications components, that is, in a one chip micro-computer basic functions. In 1970 after the successful development of micro-computer, with the emergence of a single chip (ie, single-chip micro-computer). Intel Corporation in 1971 the U.S. production of four single-chip 4004 and 1972, the embryonic form of the production of 8-bit single-chip 8008, in particular the 1976 MCS-48 single-chip has been available, in a short span of 20 years, experienced a replacement of four, the speed of its development approximately every two or three more next-generation, integrated double double feature. The speed of its development, application scope, has reached alarming proportions, it has penetrated into the production and all areas of life. Although many varieties of single-chip, but when one of the most typical of a number of Intels MCS-51 series single chip. MCS-51 is the MCS-48 based on the in the early 80s developed, although it is still 8-bit microcontroller, but there are a lot of enhanced features. As a result of PHILIPS, ATMEL, WELBORD, LG and other IC manufacturers nearly home births are the main product 51 series compatible with a wide variety, compatibility, and informative features such as hardware and software. Therefore, MCS-51 Application of a very wide range of MCS-48 become the most important single-chip variety. MCS-51 until now is still the mainstream models of single-chip microcomputer. Intel in particular domestic MCS-51 series of the most widely used single-chip microcomputer. 8-bit single-chip microcomputer as a result of the high cost performance, it is estimated that nearly a decade, the 8-bit single-chip MCU will continue to be the mainstream models.2 single-chip technology With the development of computer technology and control systems in a wide range of applications, as well as equipment to small and intelligent development, as one of the single-chip high-tech for its small size, powerful, low cost, and other advantages of the use of flexible, show a strong vitality. It is generally better compared to the integrated circuit of anti-interference ability, the environmental temperature and humidity have better adaptability, can be stable under the conditions in the industrial work. And single-chip widely used in a variety of instruments and meters, so that intelligent instrumentation and improve their measurement speed and measurement accuracy, to strengthen control functions. Such as the MCS-51 series single-chip microcomputer to control the state of auto-navigation of the ship logger, tobacco moisture tester, Intelligent Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge and so on. Also widely used in single-chip real-time control system, for example, a variety of industrial furnace temperature, acidity, chemical composition measurement and control. Measurement technology, automation technology and single-chip technology, and give full play to its data processing capabilities and real-time control functions, allowing the system to work at its best, improve the production efficiency and product quality. From the aerospace, petroleum geology, mining metallurgical, machinery and electronics, light industry, textile industry and other distribution systems and intelligent control and electromechanical integration equipment and products, to the posts and telecommunications, household equipment and instruments, single-chip microcomputer has played an enormous role in . Its applications can be broadly divided into the following aspects: electromechanical integration equipment, the control core. Mechatronics is the direction of the development of machinery and equipment. Promote the emergence of single-chip integration of mechanical and electrical technology, mechanical and electrical products as the controller, and give full play to the advantages of its own, greatly enhanced the function of the machine, raise the machine automation, intelligent. The most typical mechanical and electrical products robots, each joint or site of action is a single-chip microcomputer control system. Data Acquisition System acquisition unit at the scene. Large-scale data acquisition systems, data acquisition synchronization requirements and better real-time. As the use of single-chip front-end acquisition unit, collected by the host computer to issue commands, and then collected the data one by one to the main computer for processing. For example, some meteorological sector, oil production sector, as well as power plants, etc. Such a system can be. distributed control system front-end controller. In direct control of the computer-level distributed control system (DCS), the single-chip process control as each division of the operation or control of the controller, for data collection, feedback, the control output, and PC under the command of the command corresponding coordination. of the movement of intelligent instruments. Automated instrumentation is becoming more intelligent. The use of single-chip intelligent instrument can have self-tuning, self-tuning, automatic compensation and adaptive function, but also digital PID regulator, software to eliminate current thermal noise, etc., can not be solved by traditional instrumentation problems. Singlechip application performance so that such a menace, such as automatic billing watt-hour meter, gas meter has been applied in this area. Many of the industrial instrument smart meter, gas analyzer, composition analyzer also uses the technology. and even some health-care treatment instrument SCM has also been adopted. control of consumer electronics products. The application is mainly seen in the field of home appliances, such as washing machines, air conditioners, security systems, VCD DVD, electronic scales, IC cards, mobile phones, BP and so on. These devices are used in single-chip movement, the greatly enhanced functionality and performance under its control and to achieve intelligent The most optimal control. control terminals and peripheral equipment. computer network terminal equipment, such as banking terminals, commercial POS (automated cash registers), and computer peripherals such as printers, communications devices, such as UPS and intelligent. In these devices use a single machine so that it will have the calculation, storage, display, input and other functions, and computer connected with the interface so that the computers ability to greatly enhance the scope and application. In short, with the advent of the information age, traditional single-chip inherent structural weaknesses, so that it shows a lot of drawbacks. The speed, scale, performance indicators, such as users increasingly difficult to meet the needs of the development of single-chip chipset, upgrades are faced with new challenges.单片机技术的发展和应用摘要：单片机自问世以来，因其小巧灵活、成本低、控制能力强、易于产品化等优势，在社会各领域中得到广泛的应用。本文对单片机技术的发展及应用进行了探讨。关键词：单片机；发展；应用1 单片机技术的发展所谓单片机(m1crocontroller)是指在一个集成芯片中，集成微处理器(CPU)、存储器、基本的I/O接口以及定时/计数、通信部件，即在一个芯片上实现一台微型计算机的基本功能。1970年微型计算机研制成功之后，随着就出现了单片机（即单片微型计算机）。美国Intel公司1971年生产的4位单片机4004和1972年生产的雏形8位单片机8008，特别是1976年MCS-48单片机问世以来，在短短的二十几年间，经历了四次更新换代，其发展速度大约每二、三年要更新一代、集成度增加一倍、功能翻一番。其发展速度之快、应用范围之广，已达到了惊人的地步，它已渗透到生产和生活的各个领域。尽管目前单片机的品种很多，但其中最具典型性的当数Intel公司的MCS-51系列单片机。MCS-51是在MCS-48的基础上于80年代初发展起来的，虽然它仍然是8位的单片机，但其功能有很大的增强。由于PHILIPS、ATMEL、WELBORD、LG等近百家IC制造商都主产51系列兼容产品，具有品种全、兼容性强、软硬件资料丰富等特点。因此，MCS-51应用非常广泛，成为继MCS-48之后最重要的单片机品种。直到现在MCS-51仍不失为单片机中的主流机型。国内尤以Intel的MCS-51系列单片机应用最广。由于8位单片机的高性能价格比，估计近十年内，8位单片机仍将是单片机中的主流机型。2 单片机技术的应用随着计算机技术的发展和在控制系统中的广泛应用，以及设备向小型化、智能化发展，作为高新技术之一的单片机以其体积小、功能强、价格低廉、使用灵活等优势，显示出很强的生命力。它和一般的集成电路相比有较好的抗干扰能力，对环境的温度和湿度都有较好的适应性，可以在工业条件下稳定工作。且单片机广泛地应用于各种仪器仪表，使仪器仪表智能化，提高它们的测量速度和测量精度，加强控制功能。如MCS-51系列单片机控制的“船舶航行状态自动记录仪”、“烟叶水分测试仪”、“智能超声波测厚仪”等。单片机也广泛地应用于实时控制系统中，例如对工业上各种窑炉的温度、酸度、化学成分的测量和控制。将测量技术、自动控制技术和单片机技术相结合，充分发挥其数据处理功能和实时控制功能，使系统工作处于最佳状态，提高系统的生产效率和产品质量。从航空航天、地质石油