外文翻译--杏核去核设备.doc

APRICOT PITTING MACHINEMalcolm W.Loveland,Emeryvile,assignor to Atlas-Pacific Engineering Co,a corporation of Califorma Filed May 25, 1966, Ser. No. 552,S6110 Claims. (CI. 146-28) This invention relates to an apricot cutting machine and more particularly relates to a machine wherein an apricot is aligned on its suture axis by a prior machine and then passes under a floating knife which cuts the apricot substantially on its suture plane and thereafter a pit kicker removes the pit from the apricot. Most apricots are of a free pit nature and it is only necessary to cut the fruit in half and the pit will ordinarily fall out. However, there is always a certain percentage of apricots wherein the pit is not free and tends to stick to one or both halves of the cut apricot. Apricot cutting machines having a floating non-rotating knife have heretofore been known such as that described in Patent 2,735,466 wherein the apricot is rolled under a floating knife, the knife severing the apricot and thereafter a hook or tail forming a part of the knife dislodges the free pit as the apricot passes underneath the hook. Such a structure works well with free pit apricots but tends to jam-up when an apricot with a stuck pit is encountered. On hand-fed machines, this occurrence is easily rectified by the operator but on modern automatic machinery, many apricots are damaged before such a jam will clear itself. It is a primary object of the present invention to provide an apricot cutting machine wherein the pits are dislodged in a positive manner. Another object of this invention is to provide an apricot cutting machine having an oscillating pit kicker which positively dislodges stuck pits. A still further object of this invenion is to provide an apricot cutting machine wherein a shroud covering the knife has a plurality of resilient fingers, imparting a positive rolling motion to the apricot thus facilitating cutting. A still further object of this invention is to provide such a structure wherein the shroud can be adjusted relative to the knife whereby the machine will accommodate apricots of various sizes.Still another object of this invention is to provide a device wherein the knife and kicker are mounted on a common carriage which can be raised or lowered to accommodate apricots of various sizes.In the drawings forming part of this application:FIGURE 1 is a side view, partly in section, of a device embodying the present invention.FIGURE 2 is an end view on the line 2-2 of FIGURE 1.FIGURE 3 is an enlarged side view of the cutting and pit dislodging mechanism shown in FIGURE 1.FIGURE 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of FIGURE 3.FIGURE 5 is an enlarged section through an apricot showing the action of the cutting knife.FIGURE 6 is a section through an apricot showing the action of the pit kicker.FIGURE 7 is a partial view similar to FIGURE 6 showing another form of pit kicker.FIGURE 8 is a section of a still further form of pit kicker.FIGURE 9 is a section on the line 9-9 of FIGURE 1.FIGURE 10 is an enlarged side view of a pit kicker constructed in accordance with the present invention.FIGURE 11 is a perspective view showing the relationship between the cutting knife and shroud. Referring now to the drawings by reference characters, the device of the present invention, generally designated 12, is mounted over the discharge end of an apricot orienting and propelling mechanism generally designated 14. The orienting mechanism 14 is not described in detail since it forms no part of the present invention. However,it can be of the type shown in co-pending patent application, Ser. No. 452,479, filed May 3, 1965, now Patent No.3,272,311, wherein a plurality of lanes are provided,each of which includes moving belts 16 and 18 arranged in a generally V-shaped configuration for the purpose of propelling the apricots down a desired path. In the embodiment illustrated。five such lanes are Provided although it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that a smaller or larger number of lanes might be employed. The overall structure includes side frame members 20 and 22 which slideably support threaded shafts 24 and 26 mounted on guides 28 and 30. At the upper end of each threaded shaft is a sprocket 36 which is internally threaded. The sprockets 36 have a hexagon on their upper surfaces so they may be turned with a wrench.The lower hub of the sprocket has a flange 32 which fits into a grooved block 34 affixed to the guide 28. As the nut sprocket is turned on the threaded shafts 24 and 26 the shafts are moved upwards or downwards depending on direction the sprocket is turned. The sprockets are tied together by means of a roller chain 38 which passes over a tightner sprocket 40. By this arrangement when one sprocket is turned, the other sprocket is turned a like amount. A carriage for supporting the cutter assemblies is provided by the transverse bars 42 and 44 which are linked together with connectors 46. The connectors 46 are securely attached to the threaded shafts 24 and 26 so as to rise and fall with the shafts and maintain their parallel relationship with the belts 16 and 18. Attached to the carriage is a motor mount 52 which rises and falls with the carriage. The cutter assembly 12 is mounted on a sub-frame 54 to which are attached vertical guides 56, 57, 58, and 59 which are arranged in pairs, forming close fitting slots in which knife 62 can slide up and down freely. The knife 62 has slots 60 therein and is held in place on the vertical guides by means of the bolts 64 and 66. Thus the knife can move up or down by the length of the slots.Compression springs 68 and 70 normally bias the knife to the bottom of the slots 60 and give the knife blade a floating action. Desirably, the springs include guides 72 to keep the springs from deflecting to one side. The knife itself has a tip portion 74 and a horizontal portion 76. The tip portion 74 makes an angle of about 200 with the horizontal portion 76. It will thus be seen that theknife has a floating action and can tilt or raise against the action of the springs.Mounted on the knife is the shroud designated 78. The shroud itself consists of a pair of metal backing members 80 and 82 which are mirror images of each other. Blade 62 is provided with slots 84 and 86 and the halves of the shroud are bolted into these slots by means of the bolts 88. It will thus be seen that the shrouds can be located at various heights with respect to the blade edge by adjustment of the bolts 88. The shrouds themselves comprise a rubber liner 90 secured by a suitable adhesive to the backing members and include a plurality of small rubber fingers 92 for gripping the fruit. The front end of the shroud is curved upwardly as at 94 to produce a wedging action as the fruit first encounters the shroud.The shrouds extend the length of the knife and continue over the pit kicker blade. The pit kicker itself which forms the crux of the present invention has been generally designated 96. The pit kicker includes a vertical forward surfaces 98 and an angular forward edge 100 which forms roughly a 30 angle with the knife blade. The pit kicker 96 is mounted on an arm 102 carried on a pivot 104 and includes an upwardly extending arm 106 terminating in a cam follower 108. A compression spring 110 mounted between arm 102 and support plate 55 urges the pit kicker downwardly and the cam follower 108 into contact with a cam 112. Cam 112 is mounted on shaft 114 which is driven by prime mover 116 through belt 118. In this manner, the pit kicker 96 is given an oscillatory motion and, since the arc through which it moves is quite small, this motion is almost entirely vertical. The pit engaging portion of the pit kicker can take various forms. In the form shown in FIGURE 6 as well as in the FIGURE 3, the fruit engaging portion 100 has flat face with square edges so that it either hits the pit with its flat face or, if it hits to one side of the pit, the sharp edge between the face and the side of the kicker will tend to engage and dig into the pit. This effect can be further enhanced in the embodiment shown in FIGURE7. Here the pit engaging edge, designated 100-A is hollow-ground having sharp ridges on each side of the hollow center. As can be seen from FIGURE 7, these sharp ridges will tend to engage a pit and dislodge it. The effect can be even further enhanced in the form shown in FIGURES 8 and 10 wherein the pit is given a serrated edge as at 100-B. It is obvious that such an edge having a series of sharp points will tend to dig into the pit and positively disengage it from the apricot. The action of the device is as follows: As an apricot passes down the V-belts 16 and 18 it is first engaged by the sloping tip end of blade 62 designated 74.The forward tip of this blade is higher than the highest position of any apricot to be encountered. Thus the apricot wedges under the blade and as the belts propel the apricot forward the knife slices almost into the pit, whereupon the shrouds engage the apricot retarding the upper surface, and give it a positive rotating action. Thus the apricot tends to roll along the flat portion 76 of the knife making at least one complete revolution, completely severing the apricot. Desirably, the knife goes just to the -pit and the action of the shroud is not only to cause the rotating action but also to prevent the knife from penetrating the apricot deeper than is desired. Thus an important aspect of the invention is the adjustability feature wherein the shrouds can be adjusted to give any desired depth of cut.Further, by adjusting the entire carriage, the pressure on the apricots can be adjusted so that an undue amount of pressure will not be exerted by the shrouds, tending to crush the apricots when running large fruit. Since apricots are ordinarily pre-sorted for size, the machine of the present invention is ideally adjusted to run a single size of fruit by means of the two adjustments described above,although considerable variations in size of fruit can be encountered with reasonably satisfactory results. It has been found that about 4 inch of pit kicker travel is adequate to secure a good job of pit removal. On a machine running at a belt speed of slightly over 800 inches per minute, a frequency of 1200 chops per minute was employed with satisfactory results. This gives the blade about three chops at each pit. The action which probably happens to a stuck pit is somewhat as follows:With the blade in an up or partially down position, the pit engages the kicker and is stopped in its forward motion.The down stroke would then push the pit some portion of 1/4 inch out of its contact position. When the knife retracts the apricot and pit are urged forward further by the action of the belt combined with the sloping portion of the pit kicker so that the nit is further dislodged by each stroke. Two or three strokes of the pit kicker probably move the pit downwardly from Va to N inches from its original location, which is adequate to detach it from the apricot half. When comparing the oscillating pit kicker of the present invention with a stationary knife with a fixed heel such as shown in the prior art, the number of stuck pits remaining in the cut fruit was reduced by a factor of five to ten.Although the oscillating pit kicker has been described for use in conjunction with a particular type of slitting knife, and is preferably so used,the kicker may be employed with other slitting devices.It is believed obvious from the foregoing that I have provided a superior machine for slitting apricots and one which essentially solves the problem of stuck pits.I claim:1. In a drupe pitting machine having means for propelling drupes over a path of travel wherein each drupe is positioned with its suture in a vertical plane as such drupe is delivered to a cutting station whereat a knife is positioned above the path of travel of the drupe with its blade extending generally in said vertical plane and with the cutting edge on said blade extending parallel to said path of travel whereby the flesh of each drupe is severed into the pit therein at said cutting station; the improvement comprising:(a) a pit kicker comprising a planar blade having a downwardly extending edge for disengaging a pit in a drupe which has been cut by the knife;(b) means mounting the pit kicker blade in said vertical plane with the forward end of said edge adjacent the end of the knife;(c) and means for oscillating the pit kicker blade up and down independently of said knife to impart a rapid chopping motion.2. The structure of claim I wherein the pit kicker blade has a pit engaging edge which extends at about a 30 angle to the path of travel of the drupes.3. The structure of claim 2 wherein said edge is a straight edge.4. The structure of claim 2 wherein said edge has sharp ridges thereon.5. The structure of claim 2 wherein said edge is serrated.6. The structure of claim 1 wherein:(a) the knife is spring mounted in said plane over the path of travel of the drupes and parallel thereto;(b) and shrouds extending from each side of the knife and sloping downwardly therefrom to cause the fruit to rotate in its passage under the knife;(c) the forward portion of said knife extending ahead of said shrouds, whereby the knife enters a drupe before the shrouds engage the drupe.7. The structure of claim 6 wherein each shroud is provided with a surface which increases the frictional grip of the shroud on a drupe to insure the rotation of the drupe.8. The structure of claim 1 wherein said pit kicker blade is oscillated at a rate such that the pit in each drupe is engaged with the blade several times as the drupe passes the blade.9. The structure of claim 6 wherein each shroud is provided with means whereby the shroud can be raised and lowered with respect to the knife.10. The structure of claim 6 wherein the shroud extends over both the knife and the pit kicker.References CitedUNITED STATES PATENTS1,334,162 3/1920 Moltzaer - 146-72 X2,474,492 6/1949 Perrelli et al. _ 146-172,664,127 12/1953 Perrelli - 146-282,735,466 2/1956 Krstinich - 146-722,745,453 5/1956 Perrelli et al. _ 146-282,882,944 4/1959 Lorenzen - 146-283,194,290 7/1965 McClelland et al. _ 146-2383,241,586 3/1966 Petersen et al. _ 146-28W. GRAYDON ABERCROMBIE.Primary Examiner.杏核去核设备Malcolm W.Loveland,Emeryvile,assignor to Atlas-Pacific Engineering Co,a corporation of Califorma Filed May 25, 1966, Ser. No. 552,S6110 Claims. (CI. 146-28)本发明涉及一个杏切割机，更具体地涉及的机器，其特征在于，杏其缝合轴由现有的机器上对齐，然后下通过一个浮动刀切断杏基本上其缝合平面上，其后凹坑喷射器去除从杏坑。大多数杏坑性质，它是只需要半坑切水果通常会掉下来。然而，总是有一定比例的杏，其特征在于，所述的坑是不是免费的，往往会粘到的一个或两个半切杏。杏切割机具有一个浮动的非旋转刀迄今已知如专利2735466中描述的，其特征在于，所述轧制的浮动刀，刀切断杏杏此后形成刀的一部分的钩或尾部上移开免费坑下方钩杏通行证。这样的结构工程以及与免费坑杏子，但往往果酱杏坑卡住时遇到。在手馈电机中，这种情况的发生是由运营商很容易纠正，但现代化的自动机械，许多杏子被损坏，在这样一个将清除卡纸本身。这是本发明的一个主要目的是提供一种杏切割机，其特征在于，以积极的态度凹坑脱落。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种的杏切割机具有的振荡的凹坑喷射器正面上移开卡坑。本发明的再一个目的是提供一种杏切割机，其特征在于，具有多个护罩覆盖刀赋予正的滚动运动的弹性指状物，从而有利于切割杏。本发明的再一个目的是提供这样一种结构，其特征在于，所述护罩可以调整相对于刀，设备将由此适应各种尺寸的杏。本发明的再一个目的是提供一种装置，其特征在于，所述刀和喷射器安装在一个共同的滑架可以升高或降低，以适应各种尺寸的杏。此应用程序的组成部分在附图中：图1是侧视图，部分截面，体现本发明的一种装置。图2是图1中2-2线的端视图。图3是切割和图1中所示的凹坑抛下机构的放大侧视图。图4是图3的4-4线的截面。图5是杏示出的切割刀的动作的放大剖视图。图6是通过杏示出的坑喷射器的动作部分。图7是类似于图6示出另一种形式的坑喷射器的局部视图。图8是边的坑喷射器的再一个形式。图9是图1中的9-9线的截面。图10是根据本发明构造的一个坑喷射器的放大侧视图。图11是一透视图，示出的切割刀和护罩之间的关系。现在参照附图通过参考字符，本发明的装置，通常指定为12，安装在杏定向和推进机构14的排出端。定向机构14还没有详细描述，因为它不构成本发明的一部分。但是，它可以是在共同未决的专利申请，丝氨酸所示的类型。第452479号，1965年5月3日申请，现在专利3，272,311，其特征在于，所述多个通道中所提供的每一个包括移动皮带16和18排列在一个大致V形的配置的目的，推动杏子下来所需的路径。示出在本实施例中，五个这样的车道所提供的，虽然这将是明显的，本领域的技术人员在现有技术中，可以采用更小或更大的车道数。它的整体结构，包括侧框架部件20和22可滑动地支持螺纹导板28和30安装在轴24和26。各螺纹轴的上端处是一个有内螺纹的链轮36。的链轮36具有在其上表面上的六边形，这样他们可能会变成与wrench.The下轮毂链轮装入一个开槽块34固定到导向器28的凸缘32。的螺纹轴24和26导通，因为螺母链轮的轴移动的链轮转动因不同的方向上的向上或向下。通过越过一个tightner链轮40的滚子链38的链轮是联系在一起的。通过这种布置时，打开一个链轮，链轮转动量等。提供用于支承切割器组件的滑架的横向杆42和44与连接器46是连在一起的。牢固地连接到连接器46的螺纹轴24和26，所以上升和下降与轴保持平行关系皮带16和18。安装在托架上的马达安装部52与滑架的上升和下降。被安装在切割器组件12的子帧54，其上连接的垂直导向件56，57，58，和59成对排列，形成紧密配合的槽刀62可以向上滑动和向下自由。刀62具有在其中的槽60，和被保持在螺栓64和66上的垂直导向装置。因此，刀可以向上移动或向下的槽的长度。压缩弹簧68和70正常偏置的刀槽60的底部，并提供对刀片的浮动动作。理想的是，弹簧包括导板72，以保持弹簧向一侧偏转。刀本身具有的前端部74和水平部76。的前端部74与水平部76的角度为约200。因此，可以看出，刀有一个浮动的动作，并且可以倾斜或提高防止弹簧的动作。安装对刀护罩指定78。该护罩本身由一对金属背衬构件80和82是彼此的镜像。叶片62设置有槽84和86，并通过螺栓88，用螺栓固定在护罩的一半插入这些插槽。因此，可以看出，整流罩可以位于不同高度的调整螺栓88相对于刃尖。整流罩本身包括由合适的粘合剂固定到衬背构件的橡胶衬套90，并包括多个小的橡胶手指92把持水果。在护罩的前端是弯曲的，在94向上楔作用产生的果实第一次遇到的护罩，护罩延伸长的刀和继续在坑起脚刀片。坑起脚本身已经形成的症结，本发明一般指定96。的的凹坑喷射器包括一个垂直的前表面98的角度形成大约30的角度与刀片的前边缘100。被安装在一个枢轴104上的臂102进行的凹坑喷射器96包括一个向上延伸的臂106终止于一凸轮从动件108。一个压缩弹簧110的安装臂102和支承板55之间向下敦促坑喷射器和凸轮从动件108与凸轮112接触。凸轮112安装在轴114通过皮带118驱动的原动机116。在这种方式中，的凹坑喷射器96给出的振荡运动，因为，通过它移动的圆弧是相当小的，这个装置几乎完全是垂直的。坑坑起脚接合部可以采取多种形式。如图6所示，在图3中的，卡合部100的果实方的边缘，以便它或者撞击坑的与平坦面，或，如果它击中坑的一侧，具有平坦面的形式锋利的边缘脸和侧面起脚将倾向于从事挖成坑。在图7中所示的实施例中，可以进一步增强这种效应。这里的凹坑啮合边缘，标号100-A是中空地上中空的中心的每一侧上具有锋利的脊。从图7中可以看出，这些棱脊往往会从事一个坑，撞出。效果还可以进一步增强的形式示于图8和10的方法，其中，凹坑被给于100-B的锯齿形边缘。很明显，这样