信息管理外文翻译.docx

沈阳航空航天大学本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译Design and Implementation of Educational Video Platform for Multiple Users 多用户教育视频平台设计与实现院 系 经济与管理学院 专 业 信息管理与信息系统 班 级 94080201 学 号 2009040802005 姓 名 孙文博 指导教师 王庆军 职 称 副教授 负责教师 王晓斌 沈阳航空航天大学2013年6月what are C/S with B/S For C/S with the technology of B/S develop change know , first,must make it clear that 3 problems. ( 1 ) What is the structure of C/S. C/S ( Client/Server ) structure, the server structure and client computer that all know well. It is software systematic architecture, through it can hold hardware environment fully using two advantage, realize task reasonable distribution to Client end and Server end , have reduced systematic communication expense. Now, the most systems of application software are the two levels of structure of the form of Client/Server , are developing to the Web application of distribution type since current software application is systematic, Web and the application of Client/Server can carry out same business handling , apply different modular to share logic assembly; Therefore it is systematic that built-in and external user can visit new and existing application , through the logic in existing application system, can expand new application system. This is also present application system develop direction. Traditional C S architecture though adopting is open pattern, but this is the openness that system develops a level , in specific application no matter Client end or Server end the software that need to still specify support. Because of the software software that need to develop different edition according to the different system of operating system that can not offer the structure of C/S and the open environment of user genuine expectation , besides, the renovation of product is very rapid, is nearly impossible to already meet the 100 computer above users of local area network at the same time use. Price has low efficiency high. If my courtyard uses , Shanghai exceed the orchid companys management software statistics of law case is typical C S architecture management software. ( 2 ) What is the structure of B/S. B/S ( Browser/Server ) structure browser and server structure. It is along with the technology of Internet spring up , it is for the structure of improvement or a kind of change of the structure of C/S. Under this kind of structure, user working interface is to realize through WWW browser, lose the logic of general affairs very much in front( Browser) realization, but the major logic of general affairs in server end( Server) realization, form the three-layer claimed 3-tier structure. So, have simplified customer end computer load greatly , have alleviated system to defend workload and the cost with upgrading , have reduced the overall cost of user ( TCO ). With present technology see , local area network the network application that establishes the structure of B/S , and under the pattern of Internet/Intranet, database application is easy to hold relatively , cost also is lower. It is that oneness goes to the development of position , can realize different people, never same place, with difference receive the way of entering ( for example LAN, WAN, Internet/Intranet etc.) visit and operate common database; It can protect data platform efficiently with management visit limits of authority, server database is also safe. Now in my courtyard, net ( Intranet ) , outer net ( Internet ) with Beijing eastern clear big company law case and the management software of official business is the structural management software of B/S , policemen each working station in local area network pass through WWW browser can realize working business. Especially in JAVA step platform language appearance after, the configuration management software of B/S is more facilitated , is shortcut, efficient. ( 3 ) The management software technology of main stream. The technology of main stream of management software technology is as management thought , have also gone through 3 develop period. First, interface technology goes to Windows graph interface ( or graph user interface GUI ) from last century DOS character interface, till Browser browser interface 3 differences develop period. Secondly, today own the browser interface of computer, is not only visual and is easy to use , what is more major is that any its style of application software based on browser platform is as, make the requirement of choosing a person for the job for operating training not high and software operability is strong , is easy to distinguish; Moreover platform architecture the file that also goes to today from past single user development server ( F S ) system and client computer server ( C S ) system and browser server ( B S ) system. The comparison of C/S and B/S C/S and B/S is the now world two technologies of main stream of developing pattern technical configuration. C/S is that American Borland company researches and develop most early, B/S is that American Microsoft researches and develop. Now this two technologies with quilt world countries grasp , it is many that domestic company produce article with C/S and the technical development of B/S. This two technologies have the certain market share of self , is with customer crowd , each domestic enterprise says that own management software configuration technical function is powerful, advanced, convenient , the customer group that can lift , have a crowd scholar ink guest to shake flag self cry out , advertisement flies all over the sky , may be called benevolent to see kernel, sage sees wisdomC/S configures inferior position and the advantage of software ( 1 ) Application server operation data load is lightcomparatively. The database application of the most simple architecture of C/S is become by two partial groups, customer applies program and database server program. Both can be called as proscenium program and the program of backstage supporter respectively. The machine of operation database server program is also called as application server. Once server program had been started , waits the request concerning responding customer program hair at any time; Customer application program operation can be called as customer computer on the own computer of user, in correspondence with database server, when needs carry out any operation for the data in database, customer program seeks server program voluntarily , and sends request to it, server program is regular as basis intends to make to reply, send to return result, application server operation data load is lighter. ( 2 ) Data store management function relatively transparent. In database application data store management function, is carried out respectively independently by server program and customer application program , is regular as proscenium application can violate , and usually those different( no matter is have known still unknown ) operations data, in server program, do not concentrate realization, for instance visit limits of authority, serial number can be repeated , must have customer talent establishment the rule order. It is these to own , for the last user that works on proscenium program is transparent , they need not be interest in ( can not usually also interfere ) the course of behind, can complete own all work. In the application of customer server configuration proscenium program not is very thin , troublesome matter is delivered to server and network. In the system of C/S take off , database can not become public really , professionally more competent storehouse, it gets independent special management. The advantage of B/S configuration software ( 1 ) The Maintenance of inferior position and upgrading way are simple. Now upgrading and the improvement of software system more and more frequently, the product of the configuration of B/S embodies more convenient property obviously. For one a little a little bit big unit , if systematic administrator needs , between hundreds of 1000 even last computers round trip run , efficiency and workload is to can imagine, but the configuration of B/S software needs management server have been all right , all customer ends are browser only, need not do any maintenance at all. No matter the scale of user has , is what , has how many branch will not increase any workload of maintenance upgrading , is all to operate needs to aim at server to go on; If need differently only, net server connection specially , realize long-range maintenance and upgrading and share. So client computer more and more thin , and server more and more fat is the direction of main stream of future informative development. In the future, software upgrading and maintenance will be more and more easy , and use can more and more simple, this is for user manpower , material resources, time and cost save is obvious , it is astonishing. Therefore defend and escalate revolutionary way is the client computer it is thin , is fat server. ( 2 ) Cost reduction, it is more to select. All know windows in the computer of top of a table on nearly one Tong world, browser has become standard disposition, but on server operating system, windows is in absolute dominance position not. Current tendency is the application management software that uses the configuration of B/S all , need to install only in Linux server on , and safety is high. The so server option of operating system is many, no matter choosing those operating system, can let the most of ones use windows in order to the computer of top of a table of operating system does not get influence, this for make most popular free Linux operating system develop fast, Linux except operating system is free besides, it is also free to link database, this kind of option is very pupular. Say, many persons on daily, Sina website nets , so long as having installed browser for can , and what need not know the server of Sina website to use is that what operating system, and in fact the most of websites do not use windows operating system really, but the computer of user is most of as installing to be windows operating system. 什么是C/S和B/S要想对“C/S”和“B/S”技术发展变化有所了解，首先必须搞清楚三个问题。(1) 什么是C/S结构。C/S （Client/Server）结构，即大家熟知的客户机和服务器结构。它是软件系统体系结构，通过它可以充分利用的两端硬件环境的优势，将任务合理分配到Client端和Server端来实现，降低了系统的通讯开销。目前大多数应用软件系统都是Client/Server形式的两层结构，由于现在的软件应用系统正在向分布式的Web应用发展，Web和Client/Server 应用都可以进行同样的业务处理，应用不同的模块共享逻辑组件；因此，内部的和外部的用户都可以访问新的和现有的应用系统，通过现有应用系统中的逻辑可以扩展出新的应用系统。这也就是目前应用系统的发展方向。传统的CS体系结构虽然采用的是开放模式，但这只是系统开发一级的开放性，在特定的应用中无论是Client端还是Server端都还需要特定的软件支持。由于没能提供用户真正期望的开放环境，C/S结构的软件需要针对不同的操作系统系统开发不同版本的软件， 加之产品的更新换代十分快，已经很难适应百台电脑以上局域网用户同时使用。而且代价高， 效率低。如我院使用的上海超兰公司“案件统计”管理软件就是典型的CS体系结构管理软件。 什么是B/S结构。B/S（Browser/Server）结构即浏览器和服务器结构。它是随着Internet技术的兴起，对C/S结构的一种变化或者改进的结构。在这种结构下，用户工作界面是通过WWW浏览器来实现，极少部分事务逻辑在前端（Browser）实现，但是主要事务逻辑在服务器端（Server）实现，形成所谓三层3-tier结构。这样就大大简化了客户端电脑载荷，减轻了系统维护与升级的成本和工作量，降低了用户的总体成本（TCO）。以目前的技术看，局域网的建立B/S结构的网络应用，并通过Internet/Intranet模式下数据库应用，相对易于把握、成本也是较低的。它是一次性到位的开发，能实现不同的人员，从不同的地点，以不同的接入方式（比如LAN, WAN, Internet/Intranet等）访问和操作共同的数据库；它能有效地保护数据平台和管理访问权限，服务器数据库也很安全 。C/S和B/S 之比较C/S和B/S都是当今世界开发模式技术架构的两大主流的技术。C/S是美国 Borland公司的最早研发，B/S是美国微软公司研发的。目前，这两项的技术以被世界各国所掌握了，国内公司以C/S和B/S的技术开发出产品也很多。这两种技术都有着自己一定的市场份额和客户群体，各家的企业都说自己的管理软件架构技术功能强大、更先进、方便，也都能举出各自的客户群体，也都有一大群文人墨客为自己的摇旗呐喊，广告满天飞，正所谓仁者见仁，智者见智C/S架构软件的优势与劣势 （1）应用服务器运行数据负荷较轻。最简单的C/S体系的结构的数据库应用由两部分组成，即客户应用程序和数据库服务器程序。二者可分别是称为前台程序与后台程序。运行数据库服务器程序的机器，也称为应用服务器。一旦服务器的程序被启动，就随时的等待响应客户程序发来的请求；客户的应用程序运行在用户自己的电脑上，对应于数据库服务器，可称为客户电脑，当需要对数据库的中的数据进行任何操作时，客户程序就自动地寻找服务器程序，并向其中发出请求，服务器的程序根据预定的规则作出应答，送回结果，应用服务器运行数据负荷较轻。（2）数据储存管理的功能较为透明在数据库的应用中，数据的储存管理功能，是由服务器程序和客户应用程序分别独立进行的，前台应用可以违反的规