成都中考英语12选10专项讲解.doc

_ 授课老师 张老师 初三专用学案短文填空专项训练方法技巧篇12选10是成都中考卷的必考题目，也是学生认为最难的题型之一。要做好这道题，当首先得有较好的阅读能力。而培养阅读能力的最佳办法是每次连续做1篇完形填空和篇阅读理解。一周三到四次即可，如此训练1个月，一定会有非常明显的效果。然而有了良好的阅读理解能力，也不一定能做好12选10。很多学生在做12选10时总是从意义入手，其做法是：边读边选，每当碰到一个较难抉择的空格，就将12个单词一一带进去尝试，看意义上说得通还是说不通。如果简单的题目，采用这种方法也许有效，但是纵观成都英语中考，12选10都比较难，所以这样做的后果就是，很快就会感到思路不清，头晕眼花，从而影响其它题目的解答。下面就12选10的做题步骤及技巧讲解如下：1. 审题（1） 审单词；理解词意，联想变形将单词的变形提到第一步，就会避免思路的混乱，也会加深对单词的理解，有助于做题过程中更方便、迅速、准确的选择单词。 （2） 审文章 了解文章大意，上下文逻辑，利用自己具备的常识、文化背景，以及做题经验做第一步预测。2. 具体做题（1）词性判断因此，我们有必要学会另一种解答方法词性判断法。即通过空格前后的单词来确定空格中应填入什么词性的单词，从而缩小选择范围。要掌握词性判断法，首先就应该在平常的单词学习中注意留意单词的词性。其次是要知道词形转换。比如，rain、ice等名词怎么转换成形容词；happy、ill等形容词怎么转换成名词；perform、predict怎么转换成名词，等等。（2）句意判断。通过词性判断缩小选择范围后，然后再结合意义在这个较小的范围中选择单词。有时候，即使文章读得不是很懂，依然可以依据词性判断法做出正确的判断。词性判断缩小范围，意义确定唯一答案，通过此法，我们往往可以做到12选10跟完形填空一样简单。（3）借助于句子结构判断。通过对句子结构进行分析后，判断空格部分缺什么成分，然后再结合句意进行选择。学会句子成分分析、基本句型和短语结构对于词性判断法至关重要！（4）选对词才是答题正确的一半；选择正确的变形，变对形才是完全得分的另一关键。词形变化规则是：实例分析我们以2011年成都市中考题中的12选10 为例，来演示以上方法的具体运用。成都市2011年的12选10篇幅较短，但它是一篇说理的文章，加之形容词太多，此两点注定这篇12选10是很难的。all any behave difference drink eat enjoy fine other real surprise theseOnce there was a teacher who took all his students for tea. What made the students 1_ was that all the cups on the table were 2_ . Each of them took a cup and started 3_ their own tea, looking at the 4 _ cups.The teacher said; Do you notice your 5_ ? You are all looking at each others tea cups and 6_ of you even envy (羡慕) the 7_ cups of others.”Then he went on: I put the different cups here on purpose! Life is like 8_ tea. You all have the same thing in your cups tea. And yet you cant 9_ enjoy it in your envy of anothers cup. You forget 10_ your own life when you envy someone elses life. So now, taste your own tea! Does it matter from which cup it comes from?分析：第一步：审题（包含审单词，单词变形以及审文章）第二步：词性判断第三步：句意判断第一空可能是_词性。选项中仅有的五个动词behave，drink，eat，enjoy，surprise填进去意义都不通顺，考虑形容词的话，很容易就能一次性确定为surprised.第二空应为_词性。（be +adj或be done）;而动词意义上均说不通，只能是形容词。不能确定。第三空应为_形式。（start doing sth）可以一次性确定为drinking。第四空应为_词性。不能确定。第五空应为_词性,所有选项中只有difference是n，能变为只有behave（behavior）。结合句意可以一次性确定为behavior。第六空应为_词性（该句谓语是动词envy,谓语之前的_ of you为主语），因此此处可以填all或some，但是考虑到前一句用all，后一句用even(甚至)，则一次性确定为some。第七空应为_词性。不能确定。第八空应为_，构成like doing sth结构。（like：像，是介词prep），adj可以选fine和these，动词可以选drinking，但是考虑到前面只能用drinking，则此处确定为this。其实如果考虑到后面一句You all have the same thing in your cups tea，此处只能用名词而不能用drinking tea这种意义。第九空为_。（enjoy是动词，动词前为_）可以一次性确定为really。第十空应为_。（forget to do sth.）behave，drink，eat，enjoy，surprise五个动词中只有enjoy可以接宾语your own life。因此可以一次性确定为enjoy。注意：1、12选10，根据难易程度一般要做23遍方可完成；根据学生水平的不同，第一遍能一次性确定的空格数是不同的。3、要表述这个词性判断过程很麻烦，但是在具体运用时，如果熟练了，分析起来是相当快的。4、简单的12选10，以意义判断为主，词性判断为辅；而较难的12选10则词性和意义并重；对于难以读懂意思的12选10，则词性为主，意义为辅。所以词性判断方法是同学们一定要熟练掌握的方法，如此，再难的12选10 ，得到8分以上的成绩是没有问题的。实践训练（一）how, they , winter, summer spend, care , dance , take, show , open , only, goodThe world of the out-of doors is full of secrets. And 1. _ are so interesting that quite a lot of people are busy studying them. All around us are birds, animals, trees and flowers. The facts about 2._ they live and grow are as interesting as anything could be.Do you know that one of the great presidents of the United States 3 _ hours and hours studying birds? A businessman who lives near New York City became so interested in insects(昆虫) that he began to collect them. He now has more than one thousand different kinds 4. _ kept in the glass boxes.Come then with me, and I will help you find some of Natures secrets. Let us go quietly through the woods and fields. Here we shall find how a rabbit tells the other rabbits that there is danger. We shall follow a mother bear and her young ones as they search for food and get ready for 5. _ sleep. We shall watch bees 6. _ in the air to let other bees know where they can find food. I will 7._ you many other interesting things, but the 8. _ thing that I can teach you is to keep your eyes and ears 9._ when you go out of doors. Nature tells her secrets 10._ to people who look and listen carefully.（二）other, move, enough, find desert make use another, friend carry trouble friend 来源:Zxxk.ComYou may think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. In the desert we can 1._ stones. We can see hills, too. There is a little rain in the 2._, but it is not 3. _ for most plants.The animals are 4. _ to the desert people in many ways. The desert people eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals. They use their skins to 5. _ shoes, water bags and even tents(帐篷). They use the camels(骆驼) for 6. _ things.来源:学。科。网The people of the desert have to keep 7. _ from places to place. They must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in the tents. When there is mo more food for their animals, they take down their tents, put them on the camels and move to 8. _ place. The desert people are very 9. _. No man in the desert would ever refuse to help the people in 10._ and give them food and water.（三）what popular good why young in reader unhappy at listen want sellJ.K Rowling （J.K罗琳）is the writer of Harry Potter, which is now one of 1._-sellers in the world. She was born in Bristol on July 31st; 1965.She has one sister who is two years 2._ than her. Both girls loved 3._ their father reading bedtime stories to them. They especially loved stories about magical worlds. Rowling wrote her first story 4._ the age of six. On a long train trip in the summer of 1990, an idea came to her. She 5. _ to write about a boy who has magic but doesnt know it .In 1992,Rowling began to write the first Harry Potter book for young 6._.It appeared in June1997.To her surprise, the book was greatly successful. The film came out in November 2001.Now Harry Potter series（系列） is 7._ with people of all ages and about 60 million books were 8._ in 200 countries. In this series, Harry is an ordinary boy: polite, friendly, brave and clever. So when children read about Harry, they can imagine being like him. Thats 9._ Harry Potter series has been so popular.J.K Rowling is very 10._ with the success, and she is now busy finishing the whole series of seven books. She is really enjoying life. She says she will go on living a normal life with her daughter and writing childrens books.（四）forget bring mend beside luck pick same differently I every stop each Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 _him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were2 _ there.One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 _