英语人教版新目标八年级下册UNIT.docVIP

【英语】八年级下册教材全梳理（Unit5 If you go to the party youll have a great time）知识巧学生词巧解 义析:a kind of trousers【典句】This pair of jeans is in style.这条牛仔裤很时髦。【拓展】 jeans本身是复数名词,作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。take away拿走【词析】 形析:take(拿)+away(离开)义析:take sth.from one place to another【典句】 Dont forget to take away your umbrella.别忘了带走你的雨伞。【拓展】 away是副词,当宾语为代词宾格时,一定要放在away的前面。make a living 谋生形析:make(做)+a(一种)+living(生活)义析:do sth.for a living【典句】 He makes a living as a writer.他靠写作维持生计。【拓展】 使用时,如果说明谋生的手段应在living后加介词by+doing的结构,指“以为生”。如:He makes a living by selling books.他以卖书为生。 形析:again(又；再次)+st义析:in a direction or course opposite to【典句】 We boated against the wind.我们逆风行船。【拓展】 against本身是介词,不能单独作谓语,常和系动词be连用，意为“反对”。形析:形近词change(选择)义析:something that happen unusually and luckily【典句】 I havent had a chance to read my letter.我还没有机会看我的信呢。【拓展】 1)和chance组成的常见短语有:by chance偶然,意外地;take a chance冒险,碰碰运气,利用一下机会2)注意:在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。如:I havent had a chance to read my letter.我还没有机会看我的信呢。Is there any chance of the team winning this week?这个队本星期有无获胜的机会?all the time 一直【词析】 形析:all(所有的)+the(这个)+time(时间)义析:always,no stop【典句】 I have waited for you all the time.我一直在等你。 形析:injure(损害,伤害)+-d(的)义析:be hurt by sth.【典句】 The injured were taken to hospital.受伤者被送进了医院。【拓展】 injured是过去分词式的形容词,表示被动和完成,常指在无意中受到伤害,如在地震、车祸中受伤。形析:ex(脱离,除去)+plain(清晰的)义析:to teach somebody something they dont know,to slowly tell them what is happening【典句】 Explain what this word means.解释这个词的含义。【拓展】 explain后面跟名词或从句。如：Can you explain his behaviors?你能解释一下他的行为吗?He explained that he had been delayed by the weather.他解释说因为天气原因而被耽搁了。in order to 为了【词析】义析:for the purpose of【典句】In order to catch the train,she hurried through her work.为了赶火车,她匆匆做完了她的工作。【拓展】 in order to中的to是介词，后要跟动词原形,常在句中作目的状语。如:In order to catch the train,she hurried through her work.为了赶火车,她匆匆做完了她的工作。 义析:do something better【典句】 This is not good enough,I want to improve it.这还不够好,我要加以改进。【拓展】 improve既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。如:This is not good enough.I want to improve it.这还不够好,我要加以改进。I hope the weather will improve.我希望天气会变好。Section A1.I think Im going to go to the party with Karen and Ann.我打算和凯伦、安一起去参加聚会。【巧解句构】 这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句,意为“我想,我认为”。其中从句部分是 be going to结构的一般将来时态,表示“打算做某事”。【要点剖析】 be going to 是一种固定结构,它后面要接动词原形,用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作,有“准备;打算”的意思。be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形,它一般有三种形式,即:am,is,are。当主语是I时用am;当主语是第三人称单数时用is;当主语是其他人称时用are。变否定句时在be (am,is,are) 的后面加上not 即可;把be (am,is,are) 放到句首,在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句,其答语为:Yes,主语+am/is/are./No,主语+isnt/arent./No,Im not.不过 I am.在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are you.?”。另外注意come,go,leave,arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,它们很少与be going to 结构连用。2.If you do,youll have a great time.如果你做,你将会玩得很高兴。【巧解句构】 句中if引导的是一个条件状语从句。【要点剖析】 have a great time 意为“过得愉快,玩得高兴”,类似的表达方法还有enjoy oneself,have fun,have a good time/wonderful/nice time等。3.What will happen if I do?如果我做了,会发生什么?【巧解句构】 if引导的是一个条件状语从句。主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【要点剖析】 happen是一个不及物动词,其后不可带宾语。表示“某人发生了什么事”应该用something happens/happened to somebody这一结构。如:An accident happened to Peter.彼得出了一次事故。【辨析比较】 happen和take place两者都有“发生”的意思,都是不及物动词,但用法有所不同。happen表示偶然发生,还有“碰巧”之意,常用于句型“It happens that.”而take place没有偶然的意思,常表示预期举行的意思。如:The sports meet will take place in my school next week.我校下周举行运动会。I happened to meet my friend Tom in the street.我碰巧在街上遇上我的朋友汤姆。Section B 3a1.If you become a professional athlete,youll be able to make a living doing something you love.如果你成为一名职业运动员,你就能够做你喜欢的事情来谋生。【巧解句构】 这是一句包含条件状语从句的主从复合句。条件状语从句If.athlete 用的是一般现在时,表示“如果你成为一名职业运动员”。主句是一般将来时,使用了make a living (by) doing sth.的结构,意为“以做的事情为生”,by可省。something后又有一个很短的定语从句you love,指的是“你喜欢的事情”。【辨析比较】 can 和be able to can 和be able to都可以表示能力。can泛指一般的能力,而且只有两种形式,即:can,could,只用于现在式和过去式。be able to 则主要指具体做到了某件事的能力,其形式主要是靠be 发生变化,所以形式比can 多。be able to可以用于各种时态。2.This is a great chance that many people do not have这是一个其他人不会拥有的大好机会。【巧解句构】 这是一句包含定语从句的主从复合句。主句是“主系表”结构:This is a great chance“这是一个大好机会”。表语后面有一个that引导的定语从句many people do not have意为“其他人不会拥有的”,修饰chance。【拓展延伸】 引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that。它们都在定语从句中担任句子成分。现分述如下:1)定语从句如果修饰人,常常用关系代词who,有时也用that(作主语时多用who)。例如:He is a man who/that often helps others.他是一位经常帮助别人的人。如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语,就应当用whom或that,这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略,且在口语中可用who代替whom。例如:Here is the man (whom/that/who) you would like to see.这就是你想见的那个人。2)定语从句如果修饰“物”,用关系代词that的时候较多,有时也用which。例如:Its a computer which/that costs six thousand yuan.这是一台价值六千元的电脑。3)当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时,往往都会把它省略。例如:The present(that/which) you gave me is very beautiful.你给我的那件礼物非常漂亮。3.If you are famous,people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere.如果你出名了,人们会随时盯着你,到处跟着你。【巧解句构】 这是一句包含条件状语从句的主从复合句。条件状语从句If you are famous用的是一般现在时,表示“如果你出名了”。主句是一般将来时,有两个由and连接的并列谓语watch you all the time“随时盯着你” 和follow you everywhere“到处跟着你”。4.And if you become rich,you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.而且如果你变得富有,你将很难知道谁是你真正的朋友。【巧解句构】 这是一句包含条件状语从句的主从复合句。条件状语从句if you become rich用的是一般现在时,表示“如果你变得富有”。主句是一般将来时,使用了have a difficult time doing sth.的结构,其中的动名词是knowing,表示“很难知道”。knowing后面又有宾语从句who your real friends are“谁是你真正的朋友”。【要点剖析】 have a difficult time doing sth.意为“很难做某事”,之后要用动名词形式。如:I have a difficult time working out the problem.我很难解出这道难题。【辨析比较】 difficult和hard1)difficult表示“困难的”,含义是“克服某种障碍需要特别的技能、才智、知识或勇气”,此外,也常常用于表示难以应付或难以对付。如：As usual,the police will have a difficult time.和往常一样,警察的日子将不好过。He was a difficult man to deal with.他是个很难对付的人。2)hard 是个最普通的词,是easy的反义词,有时它还可以表示“艰难的”。如：This book is too hard for children.这本书儿童读太难了。Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.当弗兰克回想起他早年的艰苦岁月和成功的漫长道路时,他微笑了。语法解读条件状语从句一、意义表示条件的状语从句是条件状语从句。条件状语从句由if,unless(if.not)等引导。如:If you do,youll be sorry.如果这样做,你将会很遗憾。If he wants to see me,you can tell him to wait.如果他想见我的话,叫他等好了。I shall go there tomorrow unless Im too busy.如果我不太忙,明天将到那儿去。二、需要注意的几点1.当主句是一般将来时、一般现在时(包括祈使句和含有情态动词can,may,must等),上述两种情况中条件状语从句必须用一般现在时。如：I will come to see you if I have time.我如果有时间,就来看你。If the rain stops,I shall go out for a walk.如果雨停了,我就出去散步。2.从句可放在主句前或主句后,从句置于主句前时,须用逗号与主句隔开,反之则不用逗号。3.条件状语从句中的省略。如：Come tomorrow if possible.可能的话,明天来。I will buy a DVD set if necessary.必要的话,我就买一台DVD。Talking about consequences 谈论结果当我们谈论结果时,往往会用到if引导的条件状语从句。If you copy homework,you will start a bad habit.假如你抄作业,你就会养成一个坏习惯。She will be happy if he joins the party.假如他参加晚会她就会高兴。Ill ask the teacher for help if I dont understand.假如我不明白我就向老师寻求帮助。If I dont help others,others will not help me.假如我不帮助其他人,其他人也不会帮助我。Unit 5 If you go to the party , youll have a great time!1. 语言功能:谈论结果。2.重点词汇: let in , remindof , takeaway , old folkshome , make money , look up to , be able to , make a living , hurt. badly , all the time , realize , charity , lawyer.3. 重点句型: (1) I think Ill ride my bike. If you do , youll be late.(2) I think Im going to stay at home. If you do ,youll be sorry.(3) What will happen if they have the party today?(4) If we have the party today ,half the class wont come.4.语言结构：（1）if引导的条件状语从句。(2) 情态动词should。基础卷（20分钟）一、根据句意和首字母完成单词1. Its not polite to wear j _ to a party.答案：jeans2. I received many f_ on my birthday.答案：flowers3. My dream is to t_ around the world.答案：travel4. We all make a l_ by doing something that you love.答案：living5. They made a lot of money all by t_答案：themselves二、从栏中找出与栏中相对应的答语 ( ) 1. When is a good time to have the party? A. Sure. What is it?( ) 2. What will happen if you do it? B. I want to be a singer.( ) 3. What did she say? C. She said she liked salad.( ) 4. What are you going to be? D. My teacher will take my CDs away.( ) 5. Could you please do me a favor? E. Tomorrow , I think.答案：EDCBA三、词组互译1. old folks home_ 6. 骑自行车_2. let in_ 7. 拿走_3. have a great time_ 8. 努力工作_4. all the time_ 9. 谋生_5. make money_ 10. 尊敬_1答案：老人院 2答案：让进入 3答案：玩得很愉快4答案：一直，总是 5答案：赚钱 6答案：ride a bike7答案：takeaway 8答案：work hard 9答案：make a living 10答案：look up to四、单项选择( ) 1. If you come to the party , you _ a good time.A. would have B. have C. will have答案：C解题点拨：该题是由 if 引导的条件状语从句，主句应该用一般将来时态的will+动词原形，故答案选C。( ) 2. Please dont bring snacks to the party ,or the teacher willA. take away them B. take it away C. take them away答案：C解题点拨：take away是“把拿走”的意思。snacks是复数形式，应该用them来替代，且away是副词，thern应放在away的前面。( ) 3. If I go to the old folks home , I will_them some food.A. take B. bring C. carry答案：A解题点拨：该题考查动词take、bnng和carry的用法。take意思是“拿走”，bring意思是“拿来”，carry指“拿、扛、搬较重的东西”，不强调拿的方向。( ) 4. Some athletes realize that they can _ very badly.A. hurt B. be hurt C. be hurted答案：B解题点拨：该题考查动词hurt的用法。can后接behurt构成情态动词被动语态。hurt的过去分词仍为其本身。( ) 5. If you take a bus to the party ,you wont _A. let in B. be let in C. let into答案：B解题点拨：该句使用的是被动语态。此处in是副词，into是介词。You wont be let in意思是“你将不被允许进入某处”。提高卷(20分钟)一、根据句意和首字母完成单词1. Lana is going to o_ a welcome party for her friends.答案：organize2. Almost every athlete wants to be a c_.答案：champion3. A professional athlete can become a m _ for young people who will look up to him.答案：model4. When you come in , the waitress will r_ you to take good care of your things.答案：remind5. They are going to s_ time reading books and helping those who need help.答案：spend二、用所给词的正确形式填空1. If I become a teacher , I will be able _ (have) two vocations a year.答案：to have解题点拨：该句为if引导的时间状语从句。be able to后接动词原形have，其意思是“我将能够一年度两次假”。2. Others dont like_(spend) time away from their families.答案：to spend 或spending解题点拨：该句考查动词like的用法。like后既可接动名词亦可接不定式，like doing表示个人的平常习惯，即“喜欢做某事”like to do表示特定时间喜欢去干某事。3. If he knocks at my door , I will not let_(he) in.答案：him解题点拨：该句的let是动词，后面人称代词应该用宾格形式。4. Mooncakes_(remind) me of the moon.答案：remind解题点拨：该句是一般现在时态，mooncakes是复数，谓语动词用原形。该句中短语remindof意思是“提醒某人某事”。5. Anyone who is against the_ (lawyer)will be put into prison (监狱)答案：law解题点拨：该句中括号中lawyer是“律师”，be against the law是“违反法律”的意思。三、将下列句子按逻辑顺序排列A. Lets go back home and take the ID cards.B. Really? Why nor?C. So did I. Let s go to the party. Time is up!D. If we dont have our ID cards , we cant go to the party.E. Oh ,we cant do that.F. Oh. My God. I forgot to take my ID card.1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._答案：FCEBDA四、组词成句1. money , a lot of , if , I , I ll , the world , travel , around , have答案：If I have a lot of money, I 11 travel around the world.2. never , a , soccer , great , player , become ,I ll答案：Ill never become a great soccer player.3. help , able , be , I , will , to , people答案：Ill be able to help people.4. mobile , teacher , took away , my , phone , the答案：My teacher took away my mobile phone.5. will , if , do , you , happen ,What答案：What will happen if you do?综合训练卷(70分钟，满分100）一、单项选择（每小题2分，共30分）( ) 1. Leo is going to Johns Christmas party _ his girl friend.A. and B. with C. but D. or答案：B解题点拨：该句with和his girl fnend构成介词短语，意思是“和他的女朋友”。( ) 2. Mr Hu said that you were late again. _ this , you didnt wear the uniform.A. Except B. Except for C. Besides D. Beside答案： C解题点拨：该句考查except、except for、besides三个“除了”的区别。except指除去的不包括在前面所述内容。except for指除去的不包括在内，还有一层意思是“整体很好，只有局部不好。”besides是介词，其意思是“除了”，指包括前面所述内容。( ) 3. If it_ , I will go to the Central Park with my son this weekend.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. didnt rain答案： C解题点拨：订引导的条件状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，且主语it是单数第三人称，故答案是doesnt rain。( ) 4. Nobody _ the soccer ball match if he doesnt.A. will organize B. organized C. organizes D. organize答案： A解题点拨：该题的考点同上，主句应当用一般将来时态will organize。( ) 5. Dont _ snacks and ice cream to the party. If you do , you wont be let in.A. take B. bring C. fetch D. carry答案：A解题点拨：take意思是“拿到某地去”；bring是“把某物拿来”；fetch是指“去拿来，来回往返”；carry指“扛、挑、背较重的东西”。( ) 6. _ to college is the most important thing in Henrys life.A. Going B. Go C. Went D. Gone答案： A解题点拨：该句考查的是动名词短语作主语，因此答案是going to college。该句意思是“上大学是享利一生中最重要的事”。( ) 7. Some of the professional athletes think that being famous wili _ them happy and rich.A. let B. make C. drive D. help答案： B解题点拨：动词make sbhappy and rich意思是“使高兴并且富有”。只有动词make后可接宾 语补足语happy and rich，因此答案为B。( ) 8. Those poor boys make a living by _ newspapers in the street ,A. sell B. selling C. to sell D. sells答案：B解题点拨：介词by后接动名词，by selling newspapers意思是“通过卖报纸这种方式”。( ) 9. The athlete can be hurt very _ because some of them choose very dangerous sport.A. bad B. badly C. worse D. worst答案： B解题点拨：该句应选择副词badly来修饰动词hurt，四个答案中只有badly符合。C答案是bad的比较级，D是最高级。( ) 10. How is your grandma? She is_.A. good B. well C. old D. kind答案： B解题点拨：该句How is your grandma?询问的是“你的奶奶的身体状态如何?”，因此答案应是well，即“健康的”，“old”是“年纪大的”，“kind”是“心肠好的、仁慈的”。( ) 11. Lana always _ casual clothes and her shoes are never out of style.A. wears B. dresses C. puts on D. dressed答案： A解题点拨：该题考查动词穿的用法。wear指穿着的状态；puton是穿上的动作；dress是穿，后接反身代词，如dresso neself，dress in后接衣服名词，是固定短语。( ) 12. _ time is spent on entertainments nowadays than before.A. Less B. Little C. Fewer D. Few答案： A解题点拨：从than before可判断出该句应使用比较级，排除B、D。nme是不可数名词，应用less修饰。该句意思是“现在花在娱乐上的时间比以前少了”。( ) 13. My flight to Tokyo_ from Beijing International Airport.A. takes on B. takes off C. takes up D. takes away答案： B解题点拨：take on为“呈现出的景象”；take off是“起飞”的意思；take up是“露面”；take away是“把拿走”。该句意思是“从北京飞往东京的航班从北京国际机场起飞”。( ) 14.What were you doing at 9 o clock last Saturday morning? I _in my bed.A. am sleeping B. was sleep C. was sleeping D. sleep答案： C解题点拨：该句是过去进行时态were(was)+doing的结构。I was sleeping in my bed意思是“我当时在床上睡觉”。( ) 15. I think there_fewer cars and more buses in the future.A. is going to have B. will haveC. will be D. is going to be答案： C解题点拨：“将会有”用there are going to be或there will be表示。fewer cars and more buses是复数，因此应当用are going to be 或will be。二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（每小题1分，共10分）1. Nancys mother likes _ (cook) very much , but she hates _ (do) housework.答案：cooking, doing解题点拨：动词like后接doing，意思是“喜欢做”； 动词hate后接doing，意思是“不喜欢做”。2. I think you should _ (get). a part-time job.答案：get解题点拨：情态动词should后接动词原形。3.I am not popular at school. What should I do? Maybe you could be _ (friend).答案：friendly解题点拨：friendly是形容词，意思是“友好的”，friend是名词“朋友”。4. Could you please give me some _ (advice)?答案：advice解题点拨：advice是“建议”的意思，是不可数名词。因此答案是some advice。5.How is the weather?Its _(shower).答案：showery解题点拨：shower是名词，应该用形容词showery表示。6. Why do you want _ (be) a weather woman?答案：to be解题点拨：动词want后可接to be，意思是“想成为”。weather worman意思是“天气预报员”。7. I want to get more _ (inform) about our summer camp.答案：information解题点拨：inform是动词，此处应该用其名词形式，即“information”。“get more information”为“得到更多信息”。8. We will have_(few) families with healthier kids.答案：fewer解题点拨：此处用few的比较级，和下文中healthier形成对照，意思是“我们将会拥有更少但更健康的孩子的家庭”。9. I want to ask you a _ (person) question.答案：personal解题点拨：person是名词“人”；“personal意思是“私人的、个。人的”，是形容词；personal quesnon意思是“私人问题”。10. What an_(interest) answer Ive got!答案：interesting解题点拨：“interest”是名词“兴趣”，此处用它的形容词形式interesting来修饰名词answer。三、完形填空（每小题2分，共20分） Peter lived 1 his mother in a very big house and when she died , the house became too big 2 him , 3 he bought a smaller one in the next street. There was a very nice old clock in 4 first house and when the men came to take his things to the new house for him , Peter thought , “I m not going to let them carry my beautiful old clock in their truck. Maybe theyll it and then it will be very expensive to repair. ”So he 6 and began to.carry it down the road in his arms. It was heavy so he stopped two or three 7 to have a rest. Then suddenly (突然地) a small boy came along the road. He stopped and 8 Peter for a few 9 . Then he said to Peter , “You are a foolish (愚蠢的) 10 , arent you? Why dont you buy a watch like everybody else?”( ) 1. A. and B. in C. to D. with答案：D解题点拨：该句中live with sb意思是“和居住在一起”。介词With的意思是“和”。( ) 2. A. for B. with C. of D. to答案：A解题点拨：该句中答案for的意思是“对于”。这句话的意思是“对于彼德来说，这个房子变得太大了”。( ) 3. A. and B. or C. but D. so答案：D 解题点拨：括号后的句子“他在旁边的街上买了一个小点儿的房子”和前面的“the house became toobig for him”构成因果关系。( ) 4. A. her B. his C.