现在完成时与现在完成进行时.docx

现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。 构成：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + 其他(当主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have。过去分词：规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要特殊记忆。) 否定式：主语 + havent / hasnt + 过去分词 + 其他 疑问式：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语：Yes, 主语 + have / has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent / hasnt.(否定)现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响，用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义：以already, just和yet为标志already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。 以ever和never为标志ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。以动作发生的次数为标志若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。以so far为标志so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至有可能继续延续下去，我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手，进一步学习现在完成时。 “终止”、“延续”要转换英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性，应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如： “Cats” has been on for half an hour.猫已经开演半个小时了。 How long have you had this dictionary?这本字典你买了多久了?初中阶段常见的有：comebe, go outbe out, leavebe away (from), beginbe on, buyhave, borrowkeep, joinbe a member / 介词短语, diebe dead, becomebe, open (v.)be open (adj.) 等。 时间“点”、“段”须分清过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束，也可能继续延续，这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如：He has been away for two years.他已走了两年。(for +时间段)He has been an English teacher since 1992.自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。 (since +过去某一时刻)现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时的定义现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。如：Those cats have been screaming for hours. 那些猫叫了半天了。We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我们等他等了两个小时。The dollar has been climbing steadily all week. 整个星期美元一直在稳步增值。二、现在完成进行时的结构现在完成进行时由“have / has been + 现在分词”构成。如：Sales have been dropping off badly. 销售量一直减少得很厉害。I have been waiting for an hour and a half. 我一直等了一个半小时了。Well have been living here for two years by next Sunday. 到下星期日，我们在这里就住了整两年了。三、现在完成进行时有哪些主要用法1. 表示“持续”：即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。如：She has been pruning the roses. 她一直在修剪玫瑰。Hes been helping himself to my stationery. 他未经许可一直用我的文具。The children have been having a lot of fun. 孩子们一直玩得很开心。She is very tired. Shes been working all morning. 她很累。她干了一早晨了。2. 表示“重复”即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。如：Weve all along been making mistakes like this. 我们一直犯这样的错误。Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week. 一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。四、与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语现在完成进行时所用的时间状语：all day / month; this month / week / year; these days; recently / lately; in the past few + 时间段; since +时间点; for + 时间段，等等。如：He has been working all day. 他整天都在工作。They have been building the bridge for two month. 两个月来他们一直在修桥。They have been planting trees this month. 这个月来他们一直在植树。Car sales have been shrinking recently. 汽车销量近来一直在下降。五、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别1. 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。如：He has changed his idea. 他改变了想法。 2. 在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。如：We have been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。 3. 在许多情况下，现在完成时表示动作已经完成，而现在完成进行时却并非如此。如：He has cleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)He has been cleaning the window. 他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)4. 有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时，一般不能用于现在完成进行时。如：Ive known him for many years. 我认识他有许多年了。The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。5. 有少数动词(如live, work, teach, study等)用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。如：Ive lived been living here for 30 years. 我在这儿住了30年了。How long have you worked been working here? 你在这里工作多久了? 6. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的相通性：在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时，某些动词既可以用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进行时，如expect, hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want, work等。如：你学习英语多久了? 正：How long have yon learnt English? 正：How long have you been learning English? 他已经睡了十个小时了。正：He has slept for ten hours. 正：He has been sleeping for ten hours. 1. Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months.A. worksB. workedC. has been workingD. had been working分析：C。over the last three mo