2013非谓语动词课件.ppt

非谓语动词,不定式 (to do） 否定(not to do),v-ing （doing）否定(not doing),过去分词（done） 否定(not done),在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的 动词形式叫做非谓语动词。,非谓语动词有三种：,i want to read a book written by the woman living there. 谓语 非谓语动词,三、非谓语动词的特征,1、动词特征：,a、时态： 一般式 完成式 to do to have done doing having done,i think it wise _ (ask)him for advice. they seem _ (finish) their work. they looks very happy. _ (do)his homework, he went out for play. he sent me an e-mail, _ (hope) to get more advice.,to ask,to have finished,having done,hoping,1. surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort _ her? a. pleasing b. to have pleased c. to please dhaving pleased 2. the local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years age when dr. adudon became its first president. a. to be set up b. being set up c. to have been set up d. having been set up,c,c,b、语态： 主动语态 被动语态 to do to be done to have done to have been done doing being done having done having been done,he asked _ (send)to work in the factory. he is said _ (send) to london already. this is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting now. _ many times, he still couldnt understand it.,to be sent,to have been sent,being discussed,having been told,一、 不定式与动名词作主语,不定式作主语多表示具体的某次动作.,动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动作。,_ the experiment is dangerous. a. doing b. to do _ the experiment today will be dangerous. a. to do b. doing,二、 动名词与不定式作宾语,在一个句子中，用不定式，还是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓语动词的用法来决定的。,非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况：,a. 以下动词常接不定式作宾语,wish、ask、promise、pretend、fail decide、learn、agree、manage、demand 、plan、refuse、expect. intend, offer,i cant stand _ with jane in the same office.she just refuses_ talking while she works. a. working,stopping b. to work,stopping c. working, stopping d. to work, to stop 4. she pretended _ me when i passed by . a . not to see b . not seeing c . to not see d . having not seen,c,a,3. 下列动词或动词短语的后面只能跟动名词： admit(承认)，appreciate, avoid, stand(忍受)， consider (考虑，打算)，enjoy, escape (躲避)，excuse, finish, imagine, miss（错过）, mind, practice,suggest(建议), risk, insist on,put off, set about, feel like(想要) cant help(禁不住)， give up 等。 误 he admitted to break the window. 正 he admitted breaking the window.,i appreciated _ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. a. having been given b. having given c. to have been given d. to have given 2. revolution means _ the productive forces. a. to liberate. b. to have liberated c. liberating d. having being liberated,a,c,易错点回顾： 下面短语中的to是介词，后面只能跟名词或动 名词：belong to, object to(反对)， devote oneself/ones time/energy to， get down to(着手干)，lead to (通向，导致)，pay attention to， look forward to (盼望)，be used to (习惯于)，stick to (坚持), see to (确保), refer to, turn to等。 his whole family objected to his give up the job. 正is whole family objected to his giving up the job.,1. like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式时，表示具体得某次动作，尤其是将来的动作； 接动名词时， 表示习惯、经验、体会。,i prefer being alone. i prefer to stay at home today.,c. 既可接不定式 又可接动名词作宾语的动词,4. 下列动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但含义不同： forget to do (忘记了要干什么) forget doing (忘了干过的事情) regret to do (指当时或现在遗憾地做什么) regret doing (后悔做了什么事情) try to do ( 试图干) try doing (尝试干) stop doing (停止干) stop to do (停下来去干另一件事情) mean to do(打算做某事） mean doing（意味着） go on to do (继续去干另一件事情) go on doing (继续干同一件事情) 误 he regretted to hurt his best friend. 正 he regretted hurting his best friend. 析表示“后悔干过“，regret后跟动名词。,3. want、need、require等此后接不定式 用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句 子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是一表 物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有：。,your watch needs repairing to be repaired. the windows need painting again to be painted again.,if i had remembered _ (close) the window, the thief would not have got in. 2. she reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path . 3. this sentence needs _ (improve).,to close,to rest,improving或to be improved,4. rather than _ on a crowded bus , he always prefers _ a bicycle . a . ride ; ride b . riding ; ride c . ride ; to ride d . to ride ; riding 5. they would not allow him _ across the enemy line . a. to risk going b. risking to go c. for risk to go d. risk going,c,a,6. the squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ . acatching bto be caught cbeing caught dto catch 7. there are lots of places of interest _ in our city. a. needs repairing b. needing repaired c. needed repairing d. needing to be repaired,c,d,8. i can hardly imagine peter _ (sail) across the atlantic ocean in 15 days. 9. _ (help) by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully.,helped,sailing,1. this book is really _. a. to entertain b. entertained c. entertaining 2. he grew more _ and a little _ when he got to the mysterious cave. a. exciting; frightened b. exciting; frightening c. excited; frightened d. excited; frightening 3. the main job of the ant queen is _ eggs. a. to lay b. laying c. lain d. laid,c,c,b,三、 非谓语动词作表语,4. the boy was _, so i didnt believe him again. a. disappointing b. disappointed c. to disappoint 5. at the sight of the snake, the little girl got _. a. to be frightened b. frightening c. frightened,a,c,现在分词(v+ing)作定语：表示所修饰名词正在进行的,主动的动作 。 过去分词(v+ed)作定语：表示一个已经完成了的,被的动作 。 不定式作定语：表示所修饰名词一个过去或将 来的动作。 动名词作定语：表示所修饰名词的用途。,四、非谓语动词作定语,作定语： the school to be built is intended for the disabled children. 即将要建的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。 the school being built is intended for the disabled children. 正在建设的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。 the school built last year is intended for the disabled children. 去年建的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。 the school, having been built for two years，is intended for the disabled children.建设了两年多的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。,1. a football fan is a person who has a strong interest in football. 2. i am looking for the train which will go to shanghai. 3. it was at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood. 4. who is the person that is standing at the gate of beijing tourism tower? 5. the house which is being built belongs to my uncle. 6. this substance, which was discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized machine. 7. a harvester is a machine which harvests crops or a person who is harvesting.,having strong interest,to go to,named,standing,discovered,being built,to harvest,harvesting person.,he found a good house _. a. living b. to live c. to live in d. living in 2. the child has nothing _ . a. to worry about b. worrying about c. to worry d. to be worried about 5. have you got anything _ ? a. to be sent b. to sent c. sending d. being sent,c,a,a,五、非谓语动词作状语,1. 现在分词(v+ing)作状语表示主动的动作。 2.过去分词(v+ed)有两大特点，一是表被动的动作；二是表已完成的动作。,1. 时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在过去分词前加上连词“when , while , until”等，使其时间意义更明确。 2. 原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。 3. 条件状语：可加连词if , unless 等；也可换成条件状语从句。 4. 让步状语：有时可加 although , though , even if , even though , whetheror 等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。 5. 方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。,a. 现在分词与过去分词作状语,when they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.,hearing,when the baby saw its mother, it smiled.,seeing,as they hoped to get our support, they sent us their statement.,hoping,the snow lasted a week, so it resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.,resulting,when hearing,when it is seen from the hill , the park looks very beautiful . dont speak until you are spoken to. because he was greatly touched by his teachers words , the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates . if we were given more time , we could do it much better . he was warned of the danger, but he still went skating on the ice.,seen,greatly touched,given,spoken,warned,he,状语从句作状语，句子中必须有连词，不要求句子主语与从句主语一致，如果没有连词，前后主语又不一致，这时用独立主格结构作状语，也就是在分词前加上它的主语。,exx. true or false,1. having been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.,2. he had been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.,3. although he had been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.,t,t,t,4. he had been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.,5. having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.,6. although he had been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.,7. although i had told him many times, he still couldnt understand it.,f,f,f,t,8. having told him many times, he still couldnt understand it.,9. i having told him many times, he still couldnt understand it.,10. if it is fine tomorrow, well go climbing. it being fine tomorrow, well go climbing. it is fine tomorrow, well go climbing.,f,t,t,t,f,1. the visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. a having added b. to add c. adding d. added 2. _ up at his father, he asked what was the matter with him. a. having looked b. looking c. to look d. look 3. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. a. having suffered b. suffering c. to suffer d. suffered,c,b,a,b. 不定式作状语,不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果 等 .,she looked into the window to see what was going on inside.,he lifted the stone ,only to drop it on his own feet.,注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。,eg.1. his father died, leaving him a lot of money. 2. he woke up, only to find everybody gone. 3.he hurried to school, only to find it was sunday.,区分: 现在分词作结果状语表水到渠成， 顺理成章的意思； 而不定式表意料之外。,现在分词与不定式作结果状语区别,不定式,现在分词与过去分词作补足语的区别: 不定式： 强调被补足的宾语或主语的动作的全 过程。 过去分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语所承受的 动作。过去分词作补足语时，这些 过去分词一般都来自及物动词，表 被动或完成之意。 现在分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语正在进行 的动作。,六、非谓语动词作补足语,1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如 hear, feel, find, give, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch 等词的句子中。,2. 表示“致使”等意义的动词，如 catch, have, get, keep, leave, set 的句子中。,3.with 引导的结构中,she was glad to see her child well _ (take) care of. 2. we are pleased to see the problem _ (settle) so quickly. 3. i could feel the wind _ (blow)on my face from an open window.,taken,settled,blowing,c,a,4. he found them _ at a table_. a. seating; playing chess b. sitting; to play chess c. seated; playing chess d. seat; play the chess 5. john rushed out in a hurry, _ the door_. a. leaving; unlocked b. leaving; unlocking c. left, unlocked d. to leave; unlocking,6. with a lot of work _, he didnt go to the film. a. to be done b. to do c. doing d. having done 7. he knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before _. a. flying; being sent to sleep b. flying; sending to sleep c. to fly; to be sent to sleep d. to fly; sending sleeping,b,a,generally speaking一般说来, given鉴于, judging from/by根据来看, considering考虑到, supposing that假如, talking of说到, seeing (that)鉴于，由于,有些固定用法：,e.g. 1. _your age and inexperience, you have done pretty well.(考虑到) 2. they were all saved _the captain. ( 除了) 3. everyone here took part in the fight against the flood, _old people. ( 包括 ),considering,excepting,including,4. _ the low price, the car is well worth _.(consider, buy) 5 _ it rained, what should we do?(suppose) 6 you can go out to play, _ that you finish your work first.(provide),considering,buying,sopposing,providing,e.g. 1. _by her accent, she must from italy. (通过判断) 2. _we lose, what then? ( 假如 ） 3. _the radio is damaged badly, better get a new one. ( 鉴于 ),judging,supposing,considering,he came in and he held a book in his hand. when he came in, he held a book in his hand. holding a book in his hand, he came in. he came in , with a book in his hand. he came in, book in hand.,and a book was held in his hand.,1. 表示时间（多置于句首，也可置于句末）。 2. 表示原因（多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中）。 3. 表示条件（多置于句首）。 4. 表示让步（多置于句首）。 5. 表示结果（多置于句末） 。 6. 表示方式或伴随 （多置于句末）。,动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和before, after ,on, by, in ,without 等介词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：,c. 动名词作状语,without saying a word, he went away. on arriving in beijing, he telephoned me. on coming in she laid a file of documents upon the table.,注：1、非谓语动词的否定结构 非谓语动词的否定结构是：not +非谓语