定语从句专项练习.docx

定语从句专项练习（一）定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 从句中充当的成分 that 人/物 主语/宾语 which 物 主语/宾语 who 人 主语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人 定语（whose+n.一起充当从句的主语）Examples:who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。1、The boys who are playing football are from Class One.先行词 关系代词（主语） （译：那些正在踢球的男孩是一班的。）2、Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 先行词 关系代词（主语）7 tomorrow morning. （想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。）whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。3、The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 先行词 关系代词（宾语） （老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。）注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。Eg. The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。4、The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 先行词 关系代词（主语） （制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。）5、The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.先行词 关系代词（宾语） （他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。）That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。6、The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year 先行词 关系代词（主语）reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。7、The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 先行词 关系代词（宾语） （你介绍给我的那个人很友好。）8、The season that / which comes after spring is summer.先行词 关系代词（主语） （春天以后的季节是夏季。）9、The gift that/which I received from my friends is a teddy bear. 先行词 关系代词（宾语） （我从朋友那里收到了一个泰迪熊的礼物。）Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，或者whose+N.一起构成从句的主语。10、He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友的父亲是一个医生。 先行词 whose+father构成从句的主语注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Examples：1、The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。2、This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。3、The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意： 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。（四）关系副词引导的定语从句（when/where/why），从句中不充当任何成分。1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 先行词 关系副词 （我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。）2 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Hunan is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 先行词 关系副词3 why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 先行词 关系副词 （我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。）注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。Eg: Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 先行词 关系词他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 先行词 关系词他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”隔开用逗号“，”隔开意义上从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上通常译为先行词的定语“的”通常译成主句的并列句。关系词上A作宾语时可省略 B可用that C可用who 代替whomA不可省略 B不用that C不可用who 代替whom非限制性定语从句举例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。（六）特殊情况1、不能用that的情况(1)非限制性定语从句中不能用that ，which/who/whom/whose(2)介词+关系代词，不能用that，只能用 “介词+which/whom”2、只能用that的情况(1) 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。(2) 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。(4)当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。(5)当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？(6)当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。(7)以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。(七) 关系代词as 引导的定语从句(1)as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。(2) 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：1)当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。(八) 定语从句与同位语从句的区别(1)定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句） 刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （同位语从句） 他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。(2) 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。The news that he told me is true. （定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。 The news that he has just died is true.（同位语从句）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. （同位语从句） 我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。(3)同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。如： The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. （同位语从句） 地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。 The fact is that the earth moves around the sun. 定语从句专项练习Part 1:1. The man _ she married last year was a soldier.A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. whose The man _ she was married was a soldier.A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. who2. The day _ she spent with us was never to be forgotten.A. / B. on which C. when D. in whichThe day _ she played with us was never to be forgotten.A. that B. when C. which D. /3. Is this the factory _ you visited last weekA. where B. which C. to which D. in which Is this factory _ you visited last weekA. that B which C in which D. the one4. The house _ window faces south is for the doctor.A. which B. that C. whose D. of which The house _ faces south is for the doctor.A. which B. whose C. who D. where5. She brought forward a plan _ we couldnt agree.A. that B. which C. / D. to which She brought forward a plan _ we couldnt accept.A. / B. for which C. to which D .of which6. The invention _ she spent 2 years will do well to the world.A. which B. / C. on which D. when The invention _ took her 2 years will do well to the world.A. which B. / C. on which D. it7. The English subject, _ I do well, is important in middle schools.A. which B. that C. in which D. at which The English subject, _ I have mastered well, is important in middle school.A. / B. at which C. that D. in which8. Tom, _ I went to the concert, is a friend of mine.A. whom B. who C. with which D. whose Tom,_ bicycle 1 went to the concert,is a friend of mine.A. whom B. who C. whose D. on whose9. The place _ you visited during your holidays is where I used to be for years.A. where B. which C. in which D. to which The place _ you stayed for 3 years is where an ancient city used to be.A. where B. which C. that D. to which10. She will fly to Washington,_ is the capital of the U.S.A. that B. where C. which D. in which She will fly to Washington,_ she can enjoy herself.A. where B. that C. which D./11. The story happened on a day _ the weather was wet and cold.A. when B. which C. in which D. on when The story happened on a day _ was wet and cold.A. then B. on which C. which D./12. The sun heats the earth,_ we all know.A. that B. which C. as D. where The sun heats the earth,_ makes it possible to grow crops.A. which B. that C. as D. where13. Tom,_ we had expected,got the 1st place in the competition(比赛).A. as B. which C. whom D. who Tom,_ we had expected to help us,didnt even show his face .A. as B. whom C. that D. whichPart 2:1. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 2. Ive never heard so interesting a story _ you told me. A. as B. that C. of which D. about which 3. Ive seen the same film _ you saw yesterday. A. that B. which C. as D. like 4. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 6. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 7. This is the first time _ he has been here. A. that B. when C. at which D. which 8. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which9.This is the best factory _we visited last year . A. where B. which C. in which D. that10.Is this the factory _computers are built ? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that11.Please pass me the dictionary _cover is red .A. whose B.its C. which D. which of12.The man _has arrived . A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about13. They visited the house _the great writer was born . A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where14. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in class . A. who B. that C. what D. where15. Ill visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai . A. who B. that C. when D. which16.Is this problem _the teacher explained last week?A. the one B.that C.which D.one17. China has many islands,_the largest is Taiwan . A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 18. The city _my mother grew up is not far from here . A. what B. where C. that D. which19. Our teacher lives in the house _door faces to the north . A. which B. his C. that D. whose20.Wrestling is a sport in _people easily get hurt . A. that B. when C. which D. what21.China has a lot of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun . A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them22. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. (NMET 1996)A. whichB. that C. whereD. when23. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET 2000)A. whoB. which C. this D. what20. Is there anything _I can do for you, sir ? A. that B. which C. whose D. whoPart 3:1. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am2. The old man has two sons, _ are lawyers.A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they3. He is a man of great knowledge, _ much can be learned.A .in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom4. I can tell you _ he told me last week.A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that5. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burnA. that B. / C. which D. what6. Air, _we breathe every day, is around us all the time.A. that B./ C. which D. it7. This is the museum _we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. in that8. This museum is _ you visited the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. the one9. This is the museum _ you saw the other day.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that10. It is the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrivedC. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived11. It was in 1969_ the American astronaut succeeded in landingon the moon.A. that B. which C. in which D. when12. We often think of the days _we spent together on the island.A. when B. which C. in which D. during which13. Have you ever been to Shanghai, _I left ten years agoA. where B. which C. that D. when14. He has left Beijing, _a meeting is to be held.A. when B. where C. as D. which15. This is the very place _Im wishing to live in.A. where B. which C. that D. in which16. I have bought the same dress _she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D than17. Can you solve such problems _ra