朝鲜族民俗文化.docx

MusicMain article: Music of Korea Pansori Traditional Korean music is characterized by improvisation and the lack of breaks between movements. A pansori performance can last for over eight hours during which a single singer performs continuously.清唱朝鲜族传统音乐的特点是即兴创作和不间断的演唱，一个歌手可以连续清唱八个小时。Rather than contrasting different speeds as it is common in Western music, most traditional Korean music begins with the slowest movement and then accelerates as the performance continues.与西方音乐中常见的节奏不同，传统朝鲜族音乐开始时节奏很慢，之后不断加速Korean court music, called jeongak, is closely related to the literate upper-class, and has a strong intellectual emphasis. Jeongak is played at a very slow pace, with single beats taking as long as three seconds. The beat matches the speed of breathing rather than the heartbeat as in most Western music, and feels static and meditative.朝鲜族宫廷音乐，称为jeongak ，与有文化的上层阶级密切相关，具有很强的知识。 Jeongak发挥在一个非常缓慢的步伐，只要三秒钟的单节拍。和大多数西方音乐节拍不同，传统朝鲜族音乐节拍与呼吸速度相匹配，而不是心跳，给人感觉静态和冥想。The tone of Jeongak is soft and tranquil because the traditional instruments are made of non-metallic materials. String instruments have strings made of silk rather than wire. Almost all wind instruments are made of bamboo.演奏Jeongak的乐器的声音是软的，安静的，因为是传统的非金属材料制成的工具。弦乐器的琴弦是丝绸，而不是电线。几乎所有管乐器都由竹子制成的。Pungmul is Koreas folk music and is full of expressions and emotions. This kind of traditional music is closely related to the lives of common people. As with the Jeongak, improvisation is common in Minsogak.Pungmul是朝鲜族的民间音乐，充满感情和情绪。这种传统音乐与普通百姓的生活密切相关。与Jeongak一样，以即兴表演为主edit DanceMain article: Korean dance There is a distinction between court dances and folk dances. Common court dances are jeongjaemu performed at banquets, and ilmu, performed at Confucian rituals. Jeongjaemu is divided into native dances (hyangak jeongjae) and forms imported from China (dangak jeongjae). Ilmu are divided into civil dance (munmu) and military dance (mumu).宫廷舞蹈和民间舞蹈之间是有区别的。常见的宫廷舞蹈进行于jeongjaemu宴会，以儒家礼仪进行的。分为本土舞蹈（ hyangak jeongjae ）和从中国传来的舞蹈（ dangak jeongjae ） 。 Ilmu分为民间舞蹈（文武）和军事舞蹈（ MUMU ） 。Religious dances include all the performances at shamanistic rites (gut). Secular dances include both group dances and individual performances. Traditional choreography of court dances is reflected in many contemporary productions.包括萨满教的仪式的所有宗教舞蹈表演、世俗的舞蹈包括群舞和个人表演、传统宫廷舞蹈编排都体现在许多当代的作品中edit PaintingMain article: Korean painting A scenery on Dano day The earliest paintings found on the Korean peninsula are petroglyphs of prehistoric times. With the arrival of Buddhism from China, different techniques were introduced. These techniques quickly established themselves as the mainstream techniques, but indigenous techniques still survived.当前在朝鲜半岛发现的最早的绘画是史前时代的岩画端午节的风景。随着中国传教士的到来，不同的绘画技术传入。这些绘画技术迅速确立了自己的风格，但仍保存着朝鲜族自己的特色There is a tendency towards naturalism with subjects such as realistic landscapes, flowers and birds being particularly popular. Ink is the most common material used, and it is painted on mulberry paper or silk. In the 18th century indigenous techniques were advanced, particularly in calligraphy and seal engraving.有一种对自然与现实的风景的偏爱，花鸟是特别受欢迎绘画对象。墨水是最普遍使用的材料，在桑树纸或绢上作画。在18世纪朝鲜族祖传的一些技术是先进的，特别是在书法和印章雕刻等领域。edit Crafts 手工艺 Lacquer drawer with mother-of-pearl inlay, at the National Museum of Korea in Seoul. There is a unique set of handicrafts produced in Korea. Most of the handicrafts are created for a particular everyday use, often giving priority to the practical use rather than aesthetics. Traditionally, metal, wood, fabric, and earthenware were the main materials used, but later glass, leather or paper have sporadically been used.在首尔的韩国国立中央博物馆，漆器抽屉与珍珠母镶嵌。在朝鲜族产生了一套独特的手工艺品。大多数手工艺品为日常生活生产使用而创造，往往优先考虑的实际使用价值，而不是美学。传统上，金属，木材，织物，陶器都是主要用料，之后零星使用玻璃，皮革或纸张。Ancient handicrafts, such as red and black pottery, share similarities with pottery of Chinese cultures along the Yellow River. The relics found of the Bronze Age, however, are distinctive and more elaborate. Many sophisticated and elaborate handicrafts have been excavated, including gilt crowns, patterned pottery, pots or ornaments. During the Goryeo period the use of bronze was advanced. Brass, that is copper with one third zinc, has been a particularly popular material. The dynasty, however, is renowned for its use of celadon ware.古代工艺品，如红色和黑色的陶器，与中国黄河文化的陶器都有相似之处。青铜时代的遗物中发现，然而更有特色，更精致。已发掘的许多复杂和精心制作的手工艺品，包括鎏金冠冕，带图案的陶器，盆或装饰品。在高丽时期使用青铜作为主要材料。黄铜是铜加三分之一锌，一直特别受欢迎的材料。最名贵的材料是青瓷。During the Joseon period popular handicrafts were made of porcelain and decorated with blue painting. Woodcraft was also advanced during that period. This led to more sophisticated pieces of furniture, including wardrobes, chests, tables or drawers.在朝鲜期间流行用蓝色画装饰瓷器和工艺品。木工也被在此期间发展。这导致了更复杂的家具出现，包括衣柜，床头柜，桌子或抽屉。edit CeramicsMain article: Korean pottery and porcelain编辑陶瓷主要文章：韩国陶器和瓷器 A celadon incense burner from the Goryeo Dynasty with Korean kingfisher glaze. The use of earthenware on the Korean peninsula goes back to the Neolithic. The history of Korean Ceramics is long and includes both Korean pottery a later development after the traditional use of coils and hammered clay to create early votive and sculptural artifacts. During the Three Kingdoms period, pottery was advanced in Silla. The pottery was fired using a deoxidizing flame, which caused the distinctive blue grey celadon color. The surface was embossed with various geometrical patterns.翠鸟的釉与韩国高丽青瓷香炉，在朝鲜半岛使用的陶器可追溯到新石器时代。韩国陶瓷的历史很长，既包括韩国陶器传统使用的线圈后期，也包括敲定粘土以后发展的初期。在三国时期，新罗陶器发展。使用脱氧火焰，造成独特的蓝灰色色青瓷陶器。表面是各种几何图案的浮雕。In the Goryeo period jade green celadon ware became more popular. In the 12th century sophisticated methods of inlaying were invented, allowing more elaborate decorations in different colours.在高丽时代青瓷翠绿变得更受欢迎。在12世纪复杂的镶嵌方法的发明，让更多不同颜色的精美的装饰。White porcelain became popular in the 15th century. It soon overtook celadon ware. White porcelain was commonly painted or decorated with copper.白瓷很快就追上了青瓷，在15世纪流行。白瓷通常油漆或用铜装饰With the Japanese invasions of Korea in the 16th century, many potters were kidnapped to Japan where they profoundly influenced Japanese ceramics.4 5 6 Many leading Japanese pottery families today can trace their art and ancestry to these Korean potters whom the Japanese kidnapped by the thousands, such as during the Japanese Assault on Korea of 1592.678在16世纪，随着日本入侵朝鲜，许多陶艺家被绑架到日本，他们深刻地影响了日本陶瓷。 In the mid Joseon period (late 17th century) blue-and-white porcelain became popular. Designs were painted in cobalt blue on white porcelain. With the growth of Japans hegemony on the peninsula towards the end of the 19th century the tradition of porcelain largely declined in favour of Japanese imports. However, the fact that Japans relocating whole cities of Korean potters by force to boost pottery culture in Japan annuls the misconception that the Japanese pottery culture flourished at the time.在朝鲜时代中期（ 17世纪后期） ，蓝色和白色的瓷走红。流行设计画在钴蓝色在白色的瓷器。日本的霸权半岛上的增长，在很大程度上赞成日本陶瓷进口下降。然而，事实上，日本的韩国陶艺家以武力推动陶文化以终止在日本的误解，这个误解就是认为日本的陶瓷文化蓬勃发展的时候。edit architectureMain article: Korean 编辑建筑主要文章：韩国建筑Traditional farmers house; Folk Village, Seoul Sites of residence are traditionally selected using geomancy. It is believed that any topographical configuration generates invisible forces of good or ill (gi). The negative and positive energies (yin and yang) must be brought into balance.传统农民的房子，民俗村，地点的选择都要讲究传统风水。据认为，任何地形的配置产生取决于或好或坏的无形的力量。必须做到阴阳平衡。A house should be built against a hill and face south to receive as much sunlight as possible. This orientation is still preferred in modern Korea. Geomancy also influences the shape of the building, the direction it faces and the material it is built of.房子应建在一座小山上，面南接收尽可能多的阳光。在现在，这种倾向仍然是首选。风水也影响了建筑的结构和面积。Traditional Korean houses can be structured into an inner wing (anchae) and an outer wing (sarangchae). The individual layout largely depends on the region and the wealth of the family. Whereas aristocrats used the outer wing for receptions, poorer people kept cattle in the sarangchae. The wealthier a family, the larger the house. However, it was forbidden to any family except for the king to have a residence of more than 99 kan. A kan is the distance between two pillars used in traditional houses.韩国传统房屋的结构可以称为内翼和外翼（厢房）。而贵族使用的外