研究生综合英语英译汉翻译.doc

Unit 1: Traits of The Key Players1. This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitors companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change.这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的 员工们做一次职业变更。2.We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. 我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。3.If it looks like they have these same traits, well place a bet on them. 假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。4.Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. 作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险。5.It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry. 它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。6. The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out.企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了7.Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborationsand make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls. 更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。8. Haut heads strategy and business development for a division of 3M with more than $2.4 billion in annual revenues.他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。9.One way that companies win is by getting there faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where there is! 公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达目的地。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定目的地是哪里。10.He or she must be able to embrace ambiguity and stick his or her neck out to drive to a conclusion.他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论。11.This creates a disconnect for many scientists because success in academia is really more about careful, studied research.这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。12.Another important piece of risk tolerance is a candidates degree of comfort with failure. 风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。13.I asked him about this key trait because in his new business role, interpersonal abilities make the difference between success and failure.我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。14.The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets. 想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。15.To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things.对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。16.Indeed, the key players Ive met who work at the bench in industry have succeeded in great measure because theyve been able to work with a broad variety of personalities, up and down the organization.事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心费工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。Unit 4 Love and Marriage1.The family is usually our earliest and most important source of love and emotional support. Babies and children deprived of love have been known to develop a wide variety of problemsfor example, depression, headaches, physiological impairments, and neurotic and psychosomatic difficulties that sometimes last a lifetime. 家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和情感支持的来源。众所周知，缺乏爱的婴幼儿会产生各种各样的问题，如抑郁症、头痛、生理残疾、神经质或身心疾病，这些病有时会伴随他们一生。2.Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanages, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems.在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。3.Fromm saw self-love as a necessary prerequisite for loving others. People who dont like themselves may not be able to return love but may constantly seek love relationships to bolster their own poor self-images.不喜欢自己的人也许不懂得回报爱，而却有可能不停地寻找爱的关系来改变卑微的自我形象4.Love has been a source of inspiration, wry witticisms, and even political action for many centuries.几百年来爱都是灵感、俏皮的揶揄、甚至是政治活动的来源。5. Love has many dimensions. It can be romantic, exciting, obsessive, and irrational. It can also be platonic, calming, altruistic, and sensible.爱有很多层面，它可能是浪漫的，令人激动的，让人着迷的，或者是非理性的。6.At the very least, three elements are necessary for a loving relationship: (1) a willingness to please and accommodate the other person, even if this involves compromise and sacrifice; (2) an acceptance of the other persons faults and shortcomings; and (3) as much concern about the loved ones welfare as ones own. And people who say they are “in love” emphasize caring, intimacy, and commitment.拥有恋爱关系至少需要具备三个元素：1)愿意取悦和迁就另一方，即使需要妥协或牺牲；2)能接受另一方的错误和缺点；3)关心爱人的幸福像关心自己一样。而且，说自己“处于恋爱中”的人们重视相互之间的关心、亲密和忠诚。7.If respect and caring are missing, the relationship is not based on love. Instead, it is an unhealthy or possessive dependency that limits the lovers social, emotional, and intellectual growth.如果没有尊重和关怀，两人的关系就不是建立在爱的基础上；反而成为一种不健康的或者是具有占有欲的依赖，而这会限制爱的双方在社会、情感和智力方面的发展。8.In fact, “real” love is closer to what one author called “stirring-the-oatmeal love”. This type of love is neither exciting nor thrilling but is relatively mundane and unromantic. It means paying bills, putting out the garbage, scrubbing toilet bowls, being up all night with a sick baby, and performing myriad other “oatmeal” tasks that are not very sexy.事实上，“真”爱更接近于一位作家(约翰逊，1995)所称的“搅燕麦粥之爱”。这种爱既不令人激动也不能令人兴奋，但是它却是实实在在的，不浪漫的。它是付账单，倒垃圾，刷马桶，孩子生病时守夜，以及完成其他各种各样不那么性感的“搅燕麦粥”的任务。9.Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together. We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are “filtered out” by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due to factors such as age, race, distance, social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance.实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。10.Desire is an essential ingredient for initiating and maintaining romantic love. If desire disappears, a person is no longer said to be in a state of romantic love. Once desire diminishes, disappointed lovers wonder where the “spark” in their relationship has gone and may reminisce regretfully (and longingly) about “the good old days”.性欲是点燃并维持浪漫爱情的必要成分。一旦性爱消失了，一个人就不能再说成是还处在浪漫恋情中。一旦欲望消失了，失望的恋人就会诧异原来他们关系中的“火花”去哪儿了，他们可能会很遗憾地(而且渴望地)怀念“过去的美好时光”。Unit 5 Yoga In America1.Yoga stretches are used by physical therapists and professional sports teams, and the benefits of yoga are being touted by movie stars and Fortune 500 executives. 瑜伽已被广泛应用于身体治疗和专业运动队的日常训练，做瑜伽的好处也被电影明星和财富杂志世界500强企业的总裁们争相吹捧。2.Iyengar yoga puts strict emphasis on form and alignment, and uses traditional hatha yoga techniques in new manners and sequences. 艾扬格瑜伽十分注重姿势的精准，它采用新的方式和顺序练习传统瑜伽。3.Ashtanga yoga can be a more vigorous routine, using a flowing and dance-like sequence of hatha postures to generate body heat, which purifies the body through sweating and deep breathing. 阿斯汤加瑜伽有着更精准的要求，练习者要用舞蹈般流畅的动作来练习传统瑜伽，从而使身体发热，并通过出汗和深呼吸来净化自己的身体。4.Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. 每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度，这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。5.Yoga can also provide the same benefits as any well-designed exercise program, increasing general health and stamina, reducing stress, and improving those conditions brought about by sedentary lifestyles. 瑜伽还能带来和精心设计的练习一样的效果，使人增强体质、焕发活力，并帮助人们舒缓压力和久坐带来的疲劳。6.Modern psychological studies have shown that even slight facial expressions can cause changes in the involuntary nervous system; yoga utilizes the mind/ body connection. 现代心理学研究表明，即使细微的表情变化也会引起神经系统的自主改变；而瑜伽正是身体和心灵的绝妙结合7.Yoga can be performed by those of any age and condition, although not all poses should be attempted by everyone. 虽然有些姿势并不适合所有人练习，但是任何年龄段的人在任何条件下都能练习瑜伽。8.Yoga is not a competitive sport; it does not matter how a person does in comparison with others, but how aware and disciplined one becomes with ones own body and limitations. 瑜伽不是竞技体育；练瑜伽不需要和别人比，练瑜伽的目的是提高自己的觉悟和身心自律能力。9.Many yogis are amazed at how rapidly yagas popularity has spread in America, considering the legend that it was passed down secretly by handfuls of adherents for many centuries. 许多世纪以来，瑜伽只是在极少信徒的言传身教中得以流传，而今它在美国快速普及，这使许多瑜伽师感到很惊异。10.However, ongoing research in top medical schools is showing yogas effectiveness for overall health and for specific problems, making it an increasingly acceptable health practice. 然而，越来越多的来自顶尖医学院的研究结果表明，瑜伽对全身健康和特殊病症都有好处，这也使越来越多的人接受这项健康的运动。Unit 9: The Housing Crisis Goes Suburban1.But the sarcity of affordable housing is a deepenig national crisis, and not just for inner-city families on welfare.但是，廉价房稀缺是一场日益加深的民族危机，而不仅仅是依靠福利为生的城市家庭的危机。2.The real estate boom of the past decade has produced windfalls for Americans who owned before it began, but affordable housing is now a serious problem for more low- and moderate-income Americans than taxes, Social Security or gas prices.在过去10年里，房地产迅猛发展，这使得在此之前就已经购置房产的美国人大赚特赚了一把，但现在廉价房对中、低收入的美国人来说，是一个比税收、社会保险、汽油价格更严重的问题。3.Roosevelt signed housing legislation in 1934 and 1937, providing mortagages, government apartments and construction jobs for workers down on their luck. 1934年和1937年，罗斯福签署了住房立法，提供抵押贷款、政府公寓，并为那些穷困潦倒的工人提供建筑工作。4.But for the past two decades, the only new federal housing initiative has been HOPE VI, a Clinton administration program that has demolished 80,000 units of the worst public housing and built mixed-income developments in their place.但在过去20年中，唯一的联邦住房新提案就是HOPE VI，也就是克林顿政府拆毁80,000单位的最差公共住房，重建混合收入寓所来取而代之。5.Overall, the number of households receiving federal aid has flatlined since the early 1990s, despite an expanding population and a ballooning budget.总的来说，自90年代初以来，接受联邦援助的家庭数已经降到最低，尽管人口不断增加、预算不断膨胀。6.It sounds odd, but the victims of todays housing crisis are not people living in “the projects”, but people who arent even that lucky.听起来这奇怪，但如今住房危机的受害者不是那些已经享受“救助计划”的人，而是那些没那么幸运去享受这个计划的人。7.The time limits included in welfare reform 10 years ago were controversial, but studies suggest theyve helped motivate recipients to get off the dole.人们对10年前福利改革中所涉及的时限问题有争议，但研究表明，这些时限有助于激励受助人摆脱对福利的依赖。8.And unlike welfare, housing aid is not a federal entitlement, so taking it away from one family after a few years would provide a break for an equally deserving family. 和福利不同的是，住房救济金不是联邦所赋予的权利，因此几年后对一个家庭停止供给意味着给另一个同样需要救济的家庭一个喘息的机会。9.Others reduce their rents by overcrowding, which studies link to higher crime rates, poorer academic performance and poorer health; Los Angeles alone has 620,000 homes with more than one person per room. 其他人为了减少租金，居住条件极为拥挤，研究表明，拥挤的居住条件与高犯罪率、学习成绩差、以及健康状况不佳紧密相关；仅洛杉矶就有62万户家庭多人共居一室。10.This creates all kinds of lousy outcomeschildren who dont get to see their parents, workers who cant make ends meet when gas prices soar, exurban sprawl, roads clogged with long-distance commuters emitting greenhouse gases.这造成各种不良结果孩子们看不到父母；当汽油价格飙升、城市向外扩张、道路上堵满了长途通勤的打工者、他们的汽车排放着温室气体，劳动者根本就入不敷出11.The only affordability ideas with any traction at the national level are not really housing ideas; for example, one way to make housing more affordable to workers would be to raise their incomesthrough higher minimum wages, lower payroll taxes or an expanded Earned Income Tax Credit.唯一的用国家力量促进支付能力的办法并不是有关住房的办法；例如，有一个方法可以让劳动者更能够负担得起住房费用，那就是提高他们的收入通过提高最低工资、降低工资税或扩大收入税收抵免等方式。12.There is one clear solution to the affordable-housing crisis: a real estate crash.解决廉价房危机的一个明确办法：房地产市场崩溃。13.But while an easing of prices could be devastating for lower-income Owns with risky mortgages, it probable wouldnt bring home ownership within reach for many Own-Nots.但是对于使用风险贷款的低收入房屋所有人来说放松价格可能是毁灭性的，另一方面对于无房者来说，它也不会带来居者有其屋的结果。14.Home ownship is often described as the American dream, but these days many workers would settle for a decent rental that wont bankrupt their families.居者有其屋通常被称为是美国梦，但如今许多劳动者为了使他们的家人不至于破产，宁愿租一所体面的房子居住。Unit 10: The Role of The Academy in Times of Crisis 1.Today the academy holds a highly privileged place in American society because of a long-standing national consensus about the value of education. 今天，由于长期以来美国人对教育价值的共识，大学在美国社会中占有得天独厚的地位。2.That faith is based on a conviction that the vitality of the United States, its creative and diverse cultural life, its staggeringly inventive economy, its national security and the robustness of its democratic institutions owe much to the quality of its institutions of higher education.这一信念是在这样一个深信不疑的基础上确立的，即美国的活力、它富有创造性和多样化的文化生活、它具有惊人独创力的经济、它的国家安全以及它健全的民主制度极大地依赖于其高等教育机构的质量。3.In return for this broad support, society rightfully expects certain things from us. It expects the generation of new ideas and the discovery of new knowledge, the exploration of complex issues in an open and collegial manner and the preparation of the next generation of citizens and leaders.社会当然期望我们能有所作为以回报这种广泛的支持。社会期望我们产生新思想，开发新知识，以一种开放和共同协作的方式探索复杂的问题，培养未来一代公民和领导者。4.The medieval image of the university as an ivory tower, with scholars turned inward in solitary contemplation, immunized from the cares of the day, is an image that has been superseded by the modern university constructed not of ivory, but of a highly porous material, one that allows free diffusion in both directions. 中世纪大学的形象是一座象牙塔，学者们远离社会进行孤独的沉思，不关心窗外之事这一形象已被现代大学所取代现代大学不是象牙构筑的，而是高度开放的机构，允许内外自由交流。5.The search for new ideas and knowledge is not and cannot be motivated by utilitarian concerns. Rather it depends on the ability to think in new and creative ways.探索新思想和新知识不是依靠也不应该依靠功利主义动机，而是依靠以新颖的和创造性的方式进行思考的能力。6.When the Nobel laureate John Nash developed the mathematical concepts underlying non-cooperative game theory as a graduate student at Princeton, he could not foresee that those concepts would be used today to analyze election strategies and the causes of war and to make predictions about how people will act.当诺贝尔奖获得者约翰纳什在普林斯顿大学读研究生时推动了构成“非合作博弈论”基础的数学概念的发展时，他可能根本不会想到这些概念会在今天被用于分析选举策略、战争起因及预测人的行为表现等方面。7.We also have learned that it is unwise to search only in predictable places, for ne