上海海洋大学海洋生态学实验要求.doc

实验名称： 长江口常见鱼类辨识和生物学实验实验材料：1. 购置于水产品批发市场的各种长江口常见鱼类2. 精度为0.01g电子称一台，直尺、托盘和镊子若干实验分工：本实验需分组，每一小组5-7人（具体安排依据附录1），由组员推选一名组长，负责与本人联系各项事宜。实验时，请组长安排好各人分工，做到人人参与。实验时间和地点：时间安排：2012年12月10日-13日（第14周 星期一到星期四）：10号晚上18:00-21:00；11号下午13:00-16:00，晚上18:00-21:00；12号上午9:00-11:00，晚上18:00-21:00；13号晚上18:00-21:00.实验地点：海洋学院A107实验内容和步骤：1、种类鉴定。要求将每一种鱼鉴定到种。然后进行22、生物学测量。测量每一条鱼的体重和体长（或全长）。然后进行3，或者2和3同步进行3、描述每一尾的形态特征（包括体型、体色、尾型、各鳍特征、鳞片和侧线以及吻部特征等）参考书目（去图书馆或问某些相关老师借）：1、庄平等著长江口鱼类2、朱元鼎等著东海鱼类志3、东海水产研究所等著上海鱼类志4、水科院黄海所中国海洋生物名录实验数据整理和报告撰写：1、实验完成后首先完成下表：表1 长江口常见鱼类的生物学信息及生态特征中文名拉丁名体长（全长）体重适温性分布水层生态类型鱼1鱼2鱼3具体行数视种数而定其中：适温性填：A、暖水性；B、暖温性；C、冷温性 分布水层：A、表层；B、中层和近底层；C、底层 生态类型：A、河口型；B、近海型；C、外海型。上述三项的填写可参考附录2，如查询不到可上网查找相关资料。2、完成上表后，逐一介绍各个鱼类的形态特征和辨识要点（亦可附图片）。请参考相关书籍或网络资料，要求实验的每一种鱼都有相应介绍。以刺鲳为例：（1）刺鲳：体卵圆形侧扁，背腹面皆钝圆，弧状弯曲度相同，吻短，钝圆，其长度等于或稍小于眼径，头小，侧扁而高，鳃盖骨无棘，鳃孔大，具假鳃，鳃耙甚细，排列排列稀疏。背鳍臀鳍及尾鳍基地被细鳞，侧线完全与背缘平行。背鳍鳍棘部只具独立短小棘6到9个。鳍条发达，第五条最长，由此向后逐渐减短，背鳍基部长为最长鳍条3倍。臀鳍与背鳍条同形，起点在鳍条部起点稍后。胸鳍中等大，腹鳍小位于腹鳍基下方。尾鳍分叉。体背部青灰色，腹部色较浅。鳃盖后上角有一黑斑。报告以电子稿形式由组长提交至：；周六之前（包括周六）必须完成。报告首页内容如下（其中任务分工要求注明各组中每一位同学做的具体工作）：报告题目：长江口常见鱼类辨识和生物学实验报告2012-2013第1学期海洋学院 2012年12月 班级：组号：组员：组长：任务分工：附录1：实验分组情况组号组员1唐健成、叶 超、谢本立、刘 洋、谢 斌、 李 腾2江建军、于文驰、翟红旭、王忠秋、郑 航、 韦道明3胡飞飞、陈柯言、陈极林、唐晓曦、林泳磷、 吴思元4陈 芃、范允健、蔡敬文、李 健、周晓东、 吴 静5宗海青、刘宇航、何 军、朱胜坤、陆海林、 闫 涵6韩振兴、李 洋、倪永乐、郜敏杰、袁 欣、龙永双7张中帅、黄 建、李 伟、楚栋栋、江承旭、 肖阳帆8刘承楠、王晓勇、叶圣杰、倪晓介、 徐 波、范金威9崔立勇、邓隆樊、陈 杏、王 畅、 丛 鑫、 吴诗纯10郭莉莉、李 慧、刘 森、吴宇华、毛雅乐、 姚沫如、彭文东11胡 琦、叶 骁、褚佳琪、程天宇、 徐 涵、张 格、安大略12崔志峰、刘长海、刘顺杰、王安宇、 沃闻舟、 刘省荣、霍金川13张怡然、夏思雨、杨旻璐、张 潇、袁昭华、杨文静14李晓娟、李祖荣、柏姗姗、陶园园、夏鹭芳、韩 怡15文 靖、代建超、刘 衎、胡 俊、陈 润、保 宏16曾 臣、王家为、翟荣伟、王里洋、王雪春、陈浩强17邹 昊、陆佳雪、汪民玺、王岳峰、华 昊18马璐璐、汪雅琴、汪 君、王贤柔、黄文吉、谷林静19林艳宁、沈舒婷、罗海川、薛长春、金俊捷、王家启、孙建飞20肖康楠、王重阳、刘家根、魏广恩、施斌杰、余 超、王 坤附录2：长江口马鞍列岛鱼类种类名录及生态型 The list of name information on fish species collected in 2009 from different habitats in Maan Archipelago and their ecological guilds.序号No.分类及学名Taxonomical & Chinese name拉丁名Scientific name英文名Common name or English name生态类型Eco-types一软骨鱼纲Osteichthyes鳐形目Rajiformes1鳐科Rajidae(1)孔鳐Raja porosa (Gnther,1874)Common skateWT二辐鳍鱼纲Actinopterygii仙女鱼目Aulopiformes2龙头鱼科Harpodontidae(2)龙头鱼Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton,1822)Bomby duckWW三硬骨鱼纲Osteichthyes鳗鲡目Anguilliformes3康吉鳗科Congridae(3)星康吉鳗Conger myriaster (Brevoort, 1856)Conger eelWT4海鳗科Muraenesocidae(4)海鳗Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskl, 1775)Marine eelWW5蛇鳗科Ophichthyidae(5)尖吻蛇鳗Ophichthus apicalis(Bennett, 1830)Bluntnose snake-eelWW 鲱形目Clupeiformes6鳀科Engraulididae(6)鳀Engraulis japonicus (Temminck et Schlegel,1846)Japanese anchovyWT(7)康氏小公鱼Anchoviella commersonii(Lacepde,1803)longjawed anchovyWW(8)赤鼻棱鳀Thryssa kammalensis (Bleeker,1849)Rednose anchovyWW(9)中颌棱鳀Thrissa mystax (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)Mustached anchovyWW(10)黄鲫Setipinna taty (Valenciennes,1848)Scaly hairfin anchovyWW(11)刀鲚Coilia ectenes (Jordan et Seale,1906)Estuarine tapertail anchovyWT(12)凤鲚Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)Osbecks grenadier anchovyWW7鲱科Clupeidae(13)中华小沙丁鱼Sardinella sindensis(Day, 1878)Sind SardinellaWW (14)青鳞小沙丁鱼Sardinella zunasi (Bleeker, 1854)Japanese sardinellaWW(15)斑鰶Clupanodon punctatus (Temminck et Schlegel,1846)Spotted sardineWW(16)鳓Ilisha elongata (Bennett,1830)Chinese herringWW鲈形目Perciformes8石首鱼科Sciaenidae(17)白姑鱼Argyrosomus argentatus (Houttuyn,1782)White Chinese croakerWW (18)皮氏叫姑鱼Johnius grypotus (Richardson, 1846)Belengers croakerWW(19)棘头梅童鱼Collichthys lucidus (Richardson,1844)Spinyhead croakerWT(20)小黄鱼Larimichthys polyactis (Bleeker,1877)Small yellow croakerWT(21)大黄鱼Larimichthys crocea(Richardson, 1846)Large yellow croakerWT(22)黄姑鱼Nibea albiflora (Richardson,1846)Yellow drumWT(23)日本黄姑鱼Nibea japonica (Temminck et Schlegel,1843)Japanese croakerWT(24)鮸鱼Miichthys miiuy (Basilewsky,1855)Miiuy croakerWT9鲷科Sparidae(25)真鲷Pagrus major (Temminck et Schlegel,1843)Red seabreamWW(26)平鲷Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskl, 1775)TarwhineWW(27)黑鲷Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Bleeker,1854)Black seabreamWT(28)黄鳍鲷Acanthopagrus latus(Houttuyn, 1782)Yellowfin seabreamWW10石鲷科Oplegnathidae(29)斑石鲷Oplegnathus punctatus (Temminck et Schlegel,1844)Spotted knifejawWT(30)条石鲷Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck et Schlegel,1844)Barred knifejawWT11石鲈科Pomadasyidae(31)斜带髭鲷Hapalogenys nitens (Richardson, 1844)Black gruntWT(32)横带髭鲷Hapalogenys mucronatus (Eydoux et Souleyet,1841)Belted beard gruntWT(33)三线矶鲈Parapristipoma trilineatum(Thunberg, 1793)Chicken gruntWW12天竺鲷科Apogonidae(34)半线天竺鲷Apogon semilineatus (Temminck et Schlegel,1843)Barface cardinalfishWW(35)天竺鲷属Apogon sppWW 13隆头鱼科Labridae(36)细棘海猪鱼Halichoeres tenuispinis(Gnther, 1862)Chinese wrasseWW(37)花鳍海猪鱼Halichoeres poecilopterus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846)multicolorfin rainbowfishWW(38)普提鱼Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepde, 1801)tarry hogfishWW14鲹科Carangidae(39)蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck et Schlegel,1843)Blue scadWT(40)竹荚鱼Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)Japanese jack mackerelWT(41)青羽若鲹Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Ruppell, 1830)Onion TrevallyWW (42)高体若鲹Carangoides equula (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)Whitefin trevallyWW (43)及达副叶鲹Alepes djedaba (Forsskl, 1775)Shrimp scadWW(44)六带鲹Caranx sexfasciatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)Bigeye TrevallyWW(45)高体鰤Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)Greater amberjackWW 15鲭科Scombridae(46)日本鲭Scomber japonicus(Houttuyn, 1782)Japanese mackerelWW(47)蓝点马鲛Scomberomorus niphonius(Cuvier, 1832)Japanese Spanish mackerelWW16马鲅科Polynemidae(48)四指马鲅Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw,1804)Fourfinger threadfinWW(49)六指马鲅Polynemus sextarius(Bloch & Schneider 1801)Blackspot threadfinWW17羊鱼科Mullidae(50)四带绯鲤Upeneus quadrilineatus (Cheng & Wang, 1963)Four-stripe goatfishWW18长鲳科Centrolophidae(51)刺鲳Psenopsis anomala (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)Wart butterfishWT19鲳科Stromateidae(Pampidae)(52)银鲳Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788)Silver pomfretWW20鱚科Sillaginidae(53)多鳞鱚Sillago sihama (Forsskl, 1775)Common whitingWW(54)少鳞鱚Sillago japonica(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)Japanese sillagoWW21唇指(鱼翁)科Cheilodactylidae(55)花尾鹰(鱼翁)Goniistius zonatus (Cuvier et Valenciennes,1830)Spottedtail morwongWW(56)素尾鹰(鱼翁)Goniistius quadricornis (Gnther,1860)Blackbarred morwongWW22刺尾鱼科Acanthuridae(57)褐斑刺尾鲷Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskl, 1775)Brown surgeonfishWW23蓝子鱼科Siganidae(58)褐蓝子鱼Siganus fuscescens(Houttuyn, 1782)Mottled spinefootWW24鰕虎鱼科Gobiidae(59)六丝矛尾鰕虎鱼Amblychaeturichthys hexanema(Bleeker, 1853)Sixthread lancettail gobyWT(60)矛尾鰕虎鱼属Chaeturichthys sppWT (61)云斑鰕虎鱼Istigobius spnece(Smith, 1947)Pearl gobyWW25鳗鰕虎鱼科Taenioididae(62)红狼牙鰕虎鱼Odontamblyopus rubicundus(Hamilton, 1822)Rubicundus eelgobyWW26线鳚科Stichaeidae(63)黑体网鳚Dictyosoma burgeri(van der Hoeven, 1855)Ribbed gunnelWT27绵鳚科Zoarcidae(64)绵鳚Zoarces viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758)EelpoutCT28鮨科Serranidae(65)花鲈Lateolabrax maculatus(McClelland, 1844)Spotted sea bassWT(66)赤点石斑鱼Epinephelus akaara(Temminck et Schlegel,1842)Red-spotted grouperWW29蝴蝶鱼科Chaetodontidae(67)朴蝴蝶鱼Chaetodon modestus (Temminck et Schlegel,1844)Brown-banded butterflyfishWW30鯥科Pomatomidae(68)鯥鱼Scombrops boops (Houttuyn, 1782)GnomefishWW31(鱼舵)科Kyphosidae(69)细刺鱼Microcanthus strigatus (Cuvier, 1831)StripeyWW32鯻科Theraponidae(70)列牙鯻Pelates quadrilineatus (Bloch,1797)Trumpeter PerchWW33魣科Sphyraenidae(71)油魣Sphyraena pinguis(Gnther, 1874)Red barracudaWT34鲻科Mugilidae(72)鲻Mugil cephalus(Linnaeus, 1758)Striped mulletWW35带鱼科Trichiuridae(73)带鱼Trichiurus haumela(Forsskl, 1775)HairtailWW36鲻形科Pinguipedidae(74)拟鲈属Parapercis sppWT海龙目Syngnathiformes37烟管鱼科Fistulariidae(75)鳞烟管鱼Fistularia petimba(Lacepde, 1803)red cornetfishWW海鲢目Elopiformes38海鲢科Elopidae(76)海鲢Elops saurus (Linnaeus,1766)ladyfishWW鳉形目Cyprinodontiformes39飞鱼科Exocoetidae(77)真燕鳐Prognichthys agoo (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846)Opaquewing flyingfishWW40鱵鱼科Hemiramphidae(78)日本鱵Hyporhamphus sajori (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)Japanese halfbeakWW鲇形目Siluriformes41鳗鲇科Plotosidae(79)鳗鲇Plotosus anguillaris (Bloch 1794)Striped sea catfishWW鲉形目Scorpaeniformes42鲉科Scorpaenidae(80)褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus(Cuvier, 1829)ScorpionfishWT43六线鱼科Hexagrammidae(81)斑头鱼Agrammus agrammus (Temminck et Schlegel,1844)Spotbelly greenlingWT(82)大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii (Jordan et Starks,1895)Fat greenlingWT44毒鲉科Synanceiidae(83)单指虎鲉Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)Grey stingfishWW45鲬科Platycephalidae(84)鲬Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758)Bartail flatheadWW46鲂鮄科Triglidae(85)绿鳍鱼Chelidonichthys spinosus (McClelland, 1844)Spiny red gurnardWW仙鱼目Aulopiformes47狗母鱼科Synodidae(86)长蛇鲻Saurida elongata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)Slender lizardfishWT豹鲂鮄目Dactylopteriformes48豹鲂鮄科Dactylopteridae(87)单棘豹鲂鮄Dactyloptena peterseni (Nystrm, 1887)Starry flying gurnardWW(88)吉氏豹鲂鮄Dactyloptena gilberti (Snyder, 1909)Flying gurnardWW鲽形目Pleuronectiformes49鲆科Bothidae (Paralichthyida