高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义28.doc

公共英语3级精讲班第28讲讲义Unit29HistoryUnit 29HistoryDialogue 1:Professor Richard Lee is the author of the book Brief Account of the History of China. Listen to the interview with him about Chinese ancient history.1. From the 2nd millennium B.C. to the early 20th century, a succession of dynasties reigned progressively larger parts of what is now China.从公元前两千年到二十世纪早期，一系列的朝代统治形成了现在的中国的大部分地区。a succession of 一系列、一连串2. The dominating class in the later dynasties was made up of scholar-officials, who were recruited to serve the government based on their intelligence and skills rather than their family background.后来的统治阶级由文人组成，他们因为有聪明才智和技术而不是因为有家庭背景才被征募为政府服务。1) dominating class 统治阶级2) recruit 吸收（某人）成为新成员、征募recruit on a regular basisrecruit sb as a spy 3. By the 19th century China had to confront military stronger European powers.到了19世纪，中国不得不面对军事强大的欧洲列强。4. The corruption and inability of the Qing government had become the catalyst for rebellions and revolutions.清政府的腐败和无能成为反抗和革命的催化剂。5. Its downfall in 1911 led the country torn apart by warlords, civil war, and Japanese invasion for several decades, until the Chinese Communist Party won the civil war and established Chinas current government in 1949.它1911年的倒台使国家被军阀、内战和日本的侵略战争分割了几十年，直到中国共产党赢得内战的胜利，1949年建立了当前的中国政府。Dialogue 2:Jane and Mark are discussing the history of Ireland and the United Kingdom.Background knowledge:British Isles 不列颠群岛，包括大不列颠、爱尔兰以及它们周边的一些小岛the Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 大不列颠与爱尔兰联合王国 （1801-1921）the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠与北爱尔兰联合王国Roman Catholic罗马天主教徒Protestant 新教徒Language Points:1. Beginning in the 16th century, the British Isles underwent a series of political changes that eventually led to the establishment of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801.从16世纪开始，不列颠群岛经历了一系列的政治变化最后导致不列颠与爱尔兰联合王国于1801年的建立。undergo 经历，经受（不愉快的或痛苦的事物）undergo great hardship, suffering, 2. The creation of the United kingdom brought England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland under the rule of a central government headed by a common monarch and administered by a single parliament.英国的建立使英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰在统一的王朝和议会的中央政府的统治下。3. The opposition to the United Kingdom remained strong all the time among Irelands predominantly Roman Catholic population.爱尔兰的多数罗马天主教徒一直对英国反对强烈。opposition to 反对、敌对、相反、抵抗、对抗violent opposition to the new committeeTheres not much opposition to the scheme.4. Many Irish citizens resented the long history of domination by Britains Protestant majority.很多爱尔兰市民憎恨被英国清教徒长期统治的历史。Monologue 1:The following talk tells us something about how Australia is related to Britain.Background knowledge:American Revolution 美国独立战争 （1775-1783）Industrial Revolution （18世纪60年代在英国开始的）产业革命Language points:1 Australia was portrayed as a remote and unattractive land and for European settlement.对欧洲殖民者来说澳大利亚被描绘成是遥远的不吸引人的地方。2 Britain moved quickly after the American Revolution ended in 1783 to establish its first settlement in Australia, since it could no longer ship Britain convicts to America.美国独立战争于1783年结束后，英国迅速来澳大利亚建立殖民地，因为英国不可能再把英国罪犯送到了美国了。3 Food shortages, harsh penal laws, and the general displacement of people during the early stages in the Industrial Revolution in Britain added to its criminal population.食物短缺、残酷的刑法、在工业革命早期人的迁移使英国的罪犯数目不断增加。Monologue 2:Listen to a radio report on the world shocking event of September 11.1. On a Sunday morning of September 11, 2001, 19 terrorists, working in teams of 4 or 5, hijacked four commercial jetliners and turned them toward targets chosen for destruction.2001年9月11日星期天早晨，十九位恐怖分子分成四或五组劫持了四架商务式喷气式机并且驾驶着它们冲向破坏的目标。2. The 19 men who carried out the hijacking came from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and other Arab states. 这十九位进行劫持的人来自沙特阿拉伯、埃及和其余的阿拉伯国家。3. They were affiliated with the al-Qaeda network, a radical Islamic group led by Saudi exile Osama bin Laden and dedicated to waging a holy war against the united States.他们隶属于基地组织，基地组织是由拉登所领导的目标是反美的圣战。1) be affiliated with 使（个人、社团、机构等）隶属于一较大组织；使接纳为成员We are affiliated with the national group.2) dedicate to do sth 将（自己、时间、精力等）奉献給（崇高的事业或目的）She dedicated her life to helping the poor.Dedicate oneself to ones work4. United State citizens, feeling their country under attack, reassembled behind their leaders in a display of national unity, patriotism, and generosity unseen in decades.美国人民感到自己的国家正受到攻击，重新聚集到他们的领导人身后，展示了过去几十年所未见到的民族团结、爱国精神和慷慨气概。5. The country celebrated anew the values of courage and heroism, exemplified by the New York firefighters and rescue workers who unhesitatingly rushed into the World Trade Center towers to save as many people as possible.这个国家重新展示了勇气和英雄主义。纽约救火队员毫不犹豫的冲进世贸大厦去尽可能的挽救更多人的生命就是很好的例子。1) anew 重新、再Our efforts must begin anew.2) exemplify 是（某事物）的典型；举出某事物的例子This painting exemplifies the artists early style.exemplify the problems involvedPassage:1. You see the waves lapping at the shore.你看到了浪花在拍打海岸。2. To your left you see children in colorful swimsuits building sand castles, laughing and splashing in the water.左边你看到孩子穿着各种颜色的游泳衣在堆沙堡，在水中泼着水并且大笑着。3. But, suddenly a spaceship falls from the sky knocking you unconscious.但是，突然一架飞船从天而降把你撞的毫无知觉。4. You groaned in agony because your loss of the past means you are hopelessly lost in trying to cope with the future.你痛苦的呻吟着，因为你失去记忆意味着你失去了处理将来事情的希望。5. Without this knowledge, you would suffer from a kind of amnesia that would leave you lost when it comes to understanding important matters in your future.没有这些知识你就会遭受失忆的痛苦，当面对将来的重要事情的时候你就会茫然不知所措。6. We all need knowledge from the past whether it comes from personal experience from studying history.我们都需要过去的知识不管是来自你的个人经验还是来自对历史的学习。7. It is our only guide to the future.它是我们将来的指导。Exercise:Use of English3. deliberately友谊地, mindlessly没头脑地，没思想地, selfishly自私地, willingly愿意地,5. consequence结果, 9. limitation限制, adoption接受、采纳12. fascinated使着迷的, armed武装的13. creation创造, destruction破坏、损坏, intention目的, revolution革命15. resembles与-相似, justifies表明-是正当的, 18. settled解决的, achieved赢得、获得,20. destroy损坏, desert抛弃, deform改变外观, deceive欺骗、误解Reading Comprehension:Part A1. 第五段第一句2. 第六段第一句3. 第七段第二句“First, there is the fun, the challenge to your intellect and imagination, and the almost limitless broadening of intellectual horizons that history brings.”。4. 倒数第二段5. 最后一段第三句“In this sense, knowing the past does not distract from the present, but opens up its possibilities.”。Part B6. 第一段倒数第三句“past events are never replicated in the present in quite the same way.”。7. 第二段倒数第二句“The main thing history can teach us is that human actions have consequences and that certain choices, once made, cannot be undone.”。8. 第三段最后一句“Surely it is no accident that the study of history has been the solace of many of the noblest minds of every generation.”。9. 第四段第二句“I cannot be interested in - I read it a little as a duty; but it tells me nothing that does not either annoy or weary me.”10. 最后一段Unit30GeographyUnit 30Geography1. Kevins father suggests that Kevin take geography as his minor which is offered in his university.凯文的父亲建议他把学校里的地理课作为辅修专业。1) take - as - 把-作为-2) minor 辅修专业2. Geography is an integrative, environmental discipline which belongs to both physical science and social science.地理是一门综合的、环境学科，既属于物理科学又属于社会科学。3. But unlike chemistry, biology, or economics which only focuses on one narrow field of study, geography has been integrating many different subjects in its approach, mathematics, for example, and humanities and several other discipline of social science.和化学、生物或者是经济学不一样，它们只研究很小的领域，地理用它自己的方法研究很多学科。它研究数学、人类学和其余的社会学科。4. Havent you said that you are always willing to understand and appreciate the dynamics of out daily changing world?你不是说你想了解和欣赏使我们地球变化的动力。5. By the way, the geography program in your university can also develop a variety of skills such as spatial analysis, data collection and processing, and an ability to synthesize information.顺便说一下，你们学校的地理课提供了很多象空间分析、资料搜集和分析信息的能力。Dialogue 2:Kim and John are discussing about American childrens little knowledge on geography.1. Give a half dozen high school kids a map and see what happens.給六个美国的中学生一张地图看看会发生什么事情。2. Many schools have eliminated geography in favor of more math and science courses.很多学校取消了地理课而曾加了更多的数学和科学的课程。1) eliminate 取消、消除、清除eliminate mistakes from ones writingThe police have eliminated two suspects.2) in favor of 赞成某人/某事Was he in favor of the death penalty?Dialogue 3:Mr. Kapil Sibal is the Union Minister of States for Science and Technology and Ocean Development, Government of India. In the following interview, Mr. Kapil Sibal shares his views on the utilization of GIS (Geographic Information System) for social and economic development.1. It has applications in urban planning, traffic management, water resources, road construction system, primary health, and disaster management.它在城市规划、交通管理、水资源、道路系统建设、健康与灾害管理方面都有使用。2. We should like to study all the examples and prevailing systems around the world.我们应该研究所有的例子和世界各地普遍使用的系统。3. It there any plan to come out with a policy on data sharing?有没有实行资料分享政策的计划？come out with 说出某事物He came out with a stream of abuse.She sometimes comes out with the most extraordinary remarks.Monologue:Listen to a brief summary about Chinas climate.1. China lies mainly in the northern temperate zone under the influence of monsoon.在季风的影响下，中国主要处于北温带。2. From September and October to March and April next year monsoon blows from Siberia and the Mongolian Plateau into China and decreases in force as it goes southward, causing dry and cold winter in the country and a temperature difference of 40 degrees centigrade between the north and the south.从九、十月到第二年的三、四月来自西伯利亚和蒙古草原的季风在往南的过程中不断减弱，引起干燥寒冷的冬天和南北40摄氏度的温差。3. Great differences in climate are found from region to region owing to Chinas extensive territory and complex topography.中国的地域差异和复杂的地形造成了地区与地区间的气候差异。4. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is covered by snow all year round. 青海西藏高原终年被大雪覆盖。5. The southern part of the Yunan-Guizhou Plateau is spring-like in all seasons; and the northwestern inland regions could see great variations of temperature within the day.北部的云贵高原四季如春，西北的内陆地区一天之内可以看到的四季的变化。6. The annual amount of rain or snow also varies greatly from region to region, which is as high as 1,500 millimeters along the southeastern coast, and as low as 50 millimeters in the northwest.不同地区的降水量和降雪量是不同的，从东南沿海的1，500毫米到西北地区的50毫米。Passage:1. In the traditional sense, the earth remains the supportive environment for humanity; merely the means for enhancement of the one animal “made in Gods image”.以传统的观点来说，地球是人类得以生存的环境，只是由上帝造出的唯一的动物生活的环境。2. To physical science that has denatured reality the world is a material place of molecules and atoms of solid, liquids and gases, of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.由物理学的角度而言，改变世界现实的是由固体、液体与气体，大气、水圈与生物圈的分子和原子而组成的。3. For biological science it is a scene wherein mechanistic organisms compete for survival, driven by selfish genes.对生物科学而言它是一个地点，机械的有机体由自私的基因驱使在此竞争寻求生存。4. To the economist it is raw materials and resources, valueless until transformed by the “innovative genus of man” into marketable commodities.对经济学家们来讲它是原材料和资源，在被人类改造之前变成市场消费品之前是没有价值的。Exercises:Use of English1. threads线索、脉络,