学习分词必须把握的七个方面.docVIP

学习分词必须把握的七个方面分词在英语学习中，是较高档的语法知识，也一直是英语教学过程中一大难点。本文旨在提供一些易出错和难掌握的题型的注意事项，帮助同学们更好的把握分词的使用。学习分词时除要注意现在分词表示主动与进行、过去分词表示被动与完成外，还须注意以下事项：一、明确分词的逻辑主语分词是非谓语动词之一，但它可以有自己逻辑主语。知道了其逻辑主语，那么用现在分词还是用过去分词就有依据了。分词在句子中可作状语、定语、宾补及表语。1. 分词作状语时，与主句的主语比较。如：Compared with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful. 与那旧楼相比，这新楼看起来更美。(分词部分相当于When the new building is compared with the old one，与主语比较，是被动的，所以用过去分词。)Comparing the new building with the old one，we find that the new one looks more beautiful. (如果我们)把新楼与旧楼作一比较，我们就会发现新楼看起来更美。(If we compare the new building with the old one，we 与主语比较，是主动的，所以用现在分词。)1. _with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. ComparingB. To compareC. ComparedD. Having compared2. _how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to knowB. Not knowingC. Knowing notD. Not known 3. _and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising 4. Deeply _, I thanked her again and again. A. being movingB. movedC. movingD. to be moved 5. _a post office, I stopped_ some stamps. A. Passed, buyingB. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buyD. Pass, to buy6. _a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A. To saveB. SavingC. SavedD. Having saved7. _the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shownB. ShowingC. Has shown D. Having been shown 8. _many times, he still couldnt understand. A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He having been toldD. Telling 9. _different kinds of pianos, the workers further improved their quality. A. To produceB. Being produced C. ProducedD. Having produced 10. _ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.A. WritingB. Having written C. WrittenD. Being written 11. _a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon. A. Having been given B. Having given C. GivingD. Being given 12. _a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.A. Having been given B. Having given C. GivingD. Being given 13. He went from door to door, _waste papers and magazines. A. gatheringB. gatheredC. gatherD. being gathered14. The student corrected his paper carefully, _the professors suggestions.A. followB. followingC. followedD. being followed 15. The teacher came into the classroom _by his students. A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed16. The old sick lady entered the hospital, _her two sons. A. to supportB. supportingC. supported byD. having supported 17. He walked down the hills, _softly to himself. A. singB. singingC. sungD. to sing 18. He wrote a letter to me _that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather.A. informB. informingC. informedD. being informed 19. At this moment the bell rang, _the end of class. A. announceB. announcingC. announcedD. to announce20. The child sat in the dentists chair _. A. trembleB. tremblingC. trembledD. to trembled 21. “Can you read?” Mary said _to the notice. A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing 22. Properly _with numbers, the books can be easily found. A. markedB. markC. to markD. marking 23. The graduating students arebusy _material for their reports. A. collectB. to collectC. collectedD. collecting 24. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having addedB. to addC. addingD. added 25. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _9. 6 million square kilometres.A. to coverB. coveredC. coversD. covering 2. 分词作定语时，与被修饰的词比较。比较1：People living in the city = People who are living in the city (生活在城市里的人) People 与live是主动关系的，所以用现在分词。people having lived in the city = people who once lived in the city(在农村生活过的人) people和live还是主动关系，但live是过去时间，所以用现在分词的完成形式。people to live in the city = people who will live in the city(要在城市里生活的人)比较2：The bridge to be built next year = (The bridge which will be built next year)The bridge being built now = (The bridge which is being built now)the bridge built last year = (the bridge which was built last year)比较3：The reduced price = the price that has been reduced(下调了的价格) price与reduce是被动关系。the rising prices = the prices which are rising (不断上涨的价格) prices与rise是主动关系比较4：the retired worker = the worker who has retired (退休工人)the escaped convict = the convict who has escaped. (逃犯) (accumulated, dated, faded, fallen, swollen)比较4：不可用过去分词表达的意思26. The _ price will save you one dollar for each dozen. A. reduceB. reducingC. reducedD. reduces 27. The ground is _with_ leaves. A. covering, fallingB. covered, falling C. covered, fallenD. covering, fallen 28. People _in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A. liveB. to liveC. livedD. living 29. The librarys study room is full of students _for the exam. A. busily preparedB. busy preparing C. busily prepareD. are busily preparing 30. Lessons _easily were soon forgotten.A. to learnB. learnC. learnedD. learning 31. The wallet _several days ago was found _in the dustbin outside the building.A. stolen, hiddenB. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hiddenD. stolen, hiding 32. A person _ a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, _all about his own.A. to learn, to forgetB. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgettingD. learning, forgetting 33. The students in the university are all taking courses _a degree. A. coming toB. going toC. leading toD. turning to 34. The cars _in Beijing are as good as those _in Shanghai. A. produce, produceB. produced, producedC. produced, producingD. producing, producing 35. Many things _impossible in the past are very common today. A. considerB. consideringC. consideredD. be considered 36. Here are some new computer programs _for home buildings. A. designingB. designC. designedD. to design3. 分词作宾补时，与宾语比较。如：When I got there，I found him repairing farm tools. 当我到达那里时，我发现他正在修理农具。宾语him是repair这一动作的执行者，是主谓关系，所以用现在分词。When I got there，I found the farm tools repaired. 当我到达那里时，我发现农具被修好了。宾语farm tools是repair的承受者，是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。37. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldnt make himself _.A. being heardB. hearingC. heardD. hear38. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldnt make his point _. A. understandB. understanding C. to understandD. understood 39. I had to shout to make myself _ above the noise. A. heardB. hearingC. hearD. to hear 40. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself _ about whats going on in the world. A. informB. informingC. informedD. being informed 41. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _a patient. A. examineB. examiningC. to examineD. examined 42. The scientists were waiting to see the problem _. A. settleB. settledC. to settleD. settling 43. Ive never heard the word _in spoken English. A. useB. usedC. usingD. being used44. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth _. A. fixB. fixingC. fixedD. to fix45. With the money _, he couldnt buy any ticket. A. to loseB. losingC. lostD. has lost46. With winter _on, its time to buy warm clothes. A. cameB. comesC. comeD. coming 47. She caught the student _ (cheat) in exams.cheating 48. When I got there, I found him _ (repair) farm tools. repairing49. When I got there, I found the farm tools _. (repair) repaired50. Just then he heard someone _ (call) for help.calling 51. He worked so hard that he got his pay _. (raise) raised52. The workers had the machines _(run) all night long to finish the work on time. running53. People in the south have their houses _ (make) of bamboo. made54. The missing boys were last seen _(play) near the river. playing4.分词作表语，与主语比较。如：The film is exciting. 这电影令人感到激动。excite这动作是电影发出的，所以用现在分词。The boys were excited when they heard the exciting news. 这些男孩听到这激动人心的消息，感到很激动。(the boys是excite这一动作的承受者，所以用过去分词。)55. Were _ to listen to her _ voice. Its _to hear her sing. A. pleased; pleasing; pleasureB. pleased; pleasant; a pleasureC. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure56. The result of the test was rather _. A. disappointedB. disappointingC. being disappointedD. disappoint 57. Were you _when you saw that wild animal? A. frightB. frighteningC. frightenedD. frighten 二、分词替换从句，主语必须一致如：While he was watching TV，he heard a knock at the door. 正当他在看电视时，他听到有人敲门。(可以用分词改写，因为两个主语一致。) (While)Watching TV，he heard a knock at the door.注意：While he was watching TV, someone knocked at the door.正当他在看电视时，有人敲门。 (此句不可用分词替换从句，因为句中的两个主语不一致。)As it was Sunday，they went out for a picnic. 从句与主句的主语不一致时，保留从句中的主语，再用分词改写：It being Sunday，they went out for a picnic. 这种用法属于独立主格结构。三、短暂性动词的一般式也可表先后分词有二种时态：一般式和完成式。一般式通常表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作无先后；完成式则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如：While walking in the street，we met some friends of ours.(无先后)Having done his homework，he turned off the light and went to bed.(做作业在关灯与上床睡觉之前)但是Hearing the news，he jumped with joy. (hearing是一般式，但因为是短暂性动词，所以其一般式也可以表示先后，常是紧接着发生两个动作。此句若用完成式，反而显得听话者反应迟钝。如：Seeing the house on fire，he dialed 119.Arriving there，they began to plant trees.(用Arriving比用Having arrived更能显出they植树的积极性。)58. _ the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To seeB. SeeingC. Having seenD. Being seen 四、句中出现连词不可用分词替换从句学生们学了分词语法后，很容易犯以下错误：1.只顾表面，不管结构。如：_ many times， but he still couldnt understand it.(A. Having been told B. He was told)很多学生会误选A.句中有连词but，连词应连接两个相同的成分，此句中连接两个句子，所以B项正确 .若去掉but，A项正确；He has lived in this city for many years, so he knows the city very well. (有连词，要用句子。)2.只顾形式，不管意思。如：_ late in the morning, he turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping很多学生会误选B. 要他说出句意，他就犯难。其实，此句该选A，为了早上睡个懒觉，他把闹钟关了。不定式能表目的状语，而分词一般不表示目的。Having passed the exam,he decided to tell his parents the good news. (表原因)考试通过了，他决定把这好消息告诉他父母。To pass the exam, he decided to spend the weekend at home going over his lessons. (表目的)为了通过考试，他决定周末呆在家里复习功课。在祈使句+and / or +句子的句型，由于学生常不顾意思，该用动词原形(祈使句)时，误用分词是常见的错误。请辨别以下句子：Work hard and youll be able to pass the exam.努力学习，那么你就会通过考试。Work hard or youll fail the English exam.努力学习，否则你就不能通过考试。Having worked hard, he passed the exam.因为他努力学习，所以他通过了考试。(分词表原因)五、分词可表结果状语分词作状语，除了表示时间、原因、条件及伴随外还可表示结果。分词与不定式表结果状语， 有不同之处，不定式通常表意外结果，而分词多表必然结果。如：He opened the door only to find a stranger. (意外地发现一个陌生人)He woke up only to find himself lying in hospital. (意外地发现自己在医院里)He was told that his house had been broken into. He hurried home, finding a lot of things stolen. (房子被盗，必然东西被偷)The insect drinks too much sap, which passes right through its body, only getting a little thicker and sweeter. 这种昆虫喝太多的树液，这树液径直流过其身体，只不过变得稠些、甜些。(这也是必然的结果)六、注意貌似分词的词 (评论性分词) (介词)英语中的一些词是以-ing结尾的，貌似现在分词，但这类词在意义和用法上与分词完全不同，不要求有明确的自己的逻辑主语，实际上它们已被看作是介词或连词。如