07年暑假词汇讲义(白岩峰)：普通班.doc

GRE词汇扩展讲义：白岩峰GRE词汇扩展讲义白岩峰2一、反意例题Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters, followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best.一、认识GRE单词：通向学术生涯的桥梁1. INDURATE: (A) incandescence (B) impede (C) soften (D) deflect (E) inspire2. 词性一致原则：原则之一CONTROL: (A) minor variable(B) weak assumption (C) improper simulation (D) group experimented on (E) expression substituted for二、单词记忆法（一）词根记忆3. LEVY: (A) resound (B) relinquish (C) repatriate(D) revitalize (E) rescind（范畴一致：法律范畴；经济范畴；生理范畴与心理范畴的区分）（二）联想记忆4. GROUSE: (A) rejoice (B) rekindle(C) restore (D) refuse (E) reflect（三）构词法5. EFFRONTERY: (A) decorum (B) candor(C) vacillation (D) perplexity(E) mediation6.1. PROFUSE: (A) sequential(B) shoddy(C) scant (D) surly(E) supreme6.2. 反复重考原则：原则之二PROFUSE: (A) recurrent(B) rare (C) comprehensible (D) scanty(E) flawed三、反意解题法（一）褒贬反意/动作反意7. CADGE: (A) conceal(B) influence (C) reserve (D) earn(E) favor（二）直接反意与间接反意8.1 DEPRIVATION: (A) sanity (B) awareness (C) surfeit (D) fecundity (E) health 8.2. SURFEIT: (A) affirmation (B) compromise (C) dexterity (D) deficiency (E) languor9.1 DIVESTITURE: (A) acquisition(B) promotion (C) subsidization(D) consultation (E) monopolization9.2 DIVEST: (A) multiply(B) initiate(C) triumph (D) persist(E) endow小结：反意解题法，一言以蔽之：找最佳答案。四、技巧举例（一）见点找点10.1. GIST: (A) tangential point(B) tentative explanation (C) faulty assumption (D) flawed reasoning (E) meaningless distinction10.2 NADIR: (A) immovable object (B) uniform measurement (C) extreme distance(D) topmost point (E) regular phenomenon（二）生词处理11.RIGMAROLE A.possibility B.inflation C.deviousaction D.beautifulmusic E.straightforwardtalk 12.CACHET A.signofconsent B.markofdisapprobation C.gestureofdeference D.declarationofloyalty E.auraofinvincibility五、反意与类比：无法割舍的联系13.1. FLIPPANT: (A) evenly distributed (B) well coordinated (C) inflexible (D) insane(E) earnest13.2. FLIP: RESPECT: (A) curt : ignorance (B) bleak: firmness (C) wry: humor (D) nonchalant: concern (E) rash: promptness14.1. STABILIZE: (A) penetrate(B) minimize (C) fluctuate (D) examine(E) isolate14.2. PRISTINE: DECAY: (A) adequate: imprecision (B) stable: fluctuation (C) volatile: force (D) symmetric: flaw (E) valid: exception 六、其他15. TIMOROUS: (A) consummate(B) faithful (C) intrepid(D) antagonistic (E) impetuous二、GRE词汇类比关系一览表9正面关系一、同义词关系1. AQUATIC: WATER:(A) cumulus: clouds (B) inorganic: elements(C) variegated: leaves (D) rural: soil(E) arboreal: trees 2. FURTIVE: STEALTH: (A) loquacious: intelligence (B) immoral: contrition (C) pontifical: reverence (D) whimsical: caprice (E) arduous: endurance二、程度类比（形：形；动：动）3. GLARING: BRIGHT: (A) iridescent: colorful (B) perceptible: visible (C) discordant: harmonious (D) peppery: salty (E) deafening: loud4. TROUBLED: DISTRAUGHT: (A) annoyed: disillusioned (B) disturbed: interrupted (C) covetous: rapacious (D) outmoded: ostentatious (E) tranquil: placid5. EMBARRASS: MORTIFY: (A) adumbrate: insinuate (B) indulge: mollycoddle (C) aggrandize: venerate (D) relent: deflate(E) upstage: demoralize三、褒贬程度类比（形：形；动：动）6. COMPLAIN: CARP: (A) supply: donate(B) argue: debate (C) grumble: accuse(D) drink: guzzle (E) pacify: intervene7. ATTENTIVE: OFFICIOUS: (A) doubtful: ambiguous (B) absorbed: engrossed (C) refined: snobbish (D) magisterial: authoritative (E) impromptu: spontaneous四、正面特征8. WAG: HUMOROUS: (A) ruffian: frightened (B) spendthrift: inattentive (C) dolt: stupid (D) pirate: merciless (E) sinner: repentant9. FERVOR: ZEALOT: (A) antipathy: philanthropist (B) improvidence: spendthrift (C) concision: politician (D) determination: ecologist (E) nonchalance: acrobat10. TEACHER: CERTIFICATION: (A) driver: license(B) officer: handcuffs (C) librarian: book(D) mechanic: tool (E) architect: blueprint五、容易关系（形：动）11. PALPABLE: TOUCH: (A) malleable: gild (B) palatable: ingest (C) pliable: mold (D) edible: cook (E) appreciable: please 12.EVANESCENT: DISAPPEAR: (A) transparent: penetrate (B) onerous : struggle (C) feckless : succeed (D) illusory: exist (E) pliant: yield13. CONSPICUOUS: SEE:(A) repulsive: forget (B) prohibited: discount (C) deceptive: delude (D) impetuous: disregard (E) transparent: understand 六、动作及其表达内心思想感情（动：名）14. DISCOMFITED: BLUSH:(A) nonplussed: weep(B) contemptuous: sneer (C) affronted: blink(D) sullen: groan (E) aggrieved: gloat15. BLUSH: EMBARRASSMENT: (A) scream: anger(B) smile: pleasure (C) laugh: outrage(D) love: sentimentality (E) whine: indecision16. ELEGY: SORROW: (A) paean: distress(B) encomium: criticism (C) requiem: euphoria(D) tirade: joy (E) eulogy: admiration（GRE类比原则：先左右，再上下）七、因果关系17*. TORQUE: ROTATION: (A) centrifuge: axis (B) osmosis: membrane (C) tension: elongation (D) elasticity: variation (E) gas: propulsion18. NUMB: INSENSIBLE: (A) reflect: luminous(B) burnish: lustrous (C) heckle: raucous(D) repulse: odious (E) braid: sinuous19. EMOLLIENT: SUPPLENESS:(A) unguent: elasticity(B) precipitant: absorption(C) additive: fusion (D) desiccant: dryness (E) retardant: permeability 八、形容词修饰名词（形：名）20 ARTICULATE: SPEECH: (A) meticulous: power (B) graceful: movement (C) dissenting: thought (D) fawning: respect (E) engaging: acceptance21. MERCURIAL: MOOD: (A) energetic: delirium (B) jovial: conviviality (C) fickle: affection (D) martial: anarchy (E) paranoid: suspicion九、种属关系（名：名）22. LULLABY: SONG: (A) narrative: volume (B) lecture: tutor(A) paragraph: page (D) diatribe: discourse (E) invective: compliment23. SUBSIDY: SUPPORT: (A) assistance: endowment (B) funds: fellowship (C) credit: payment (D) debt: obligation (E) loan: note十、特殊与正常（动：动；名：名）24. DOGGEREL: VERSE: (A) burlesque: play(B) sketch: drawing (C) operetta: symphony (D) fable: narration (E) limerick: sonnet 25. MANSION: RESIDENCE: (A) limousine: automobile (B) chandelier: candle (C) tuxedo: wardrobe (D) diamond: rhinestone (E) yacht: harbor26. CHUCKLE: LAUGHING:(A) uproar: shouting (B) whisper: speaking (C) hum: whistling (D) lecture: conversing (E) murmur: mimicking 十一、组成关系（名：名）27. SCHOOL: FISH: (A) posse: crowd (B) arrow: feathers (C) union: labor(D) flock: birds (E) stock: cattle28. ORCHESTRA: MUSICIAN: (A) cube: side (B) kilometer: meter (C) sonnet: poem (D) biped: foot (E) pack: wolf 29. ENUNCIATE: WORDS: (A) limn: lines (B) parse: sentences (C) hear: sounds (D) run: steps (E) stint: savings十二、目的关系30. MERCENARY: MONEY:(B) vindictive: revenge (C) (B) scholarly: library(D) immaculate: cleanliness (D) thirsty: water (E) belligerent: invasion31. BLANDISHMENT: COAX: (A) medal: honor(B) budget: save (C) diary: reminisce(D) concert: play (E) plea: threaten反面关系一、 反面特征1. AUDACIOUS: TREPIDATION: (A) refractory: intransigence (B) laconic: volubility (C) sordid: aspiration (D) cursory: accumulation (E) derisive: subordination2. DINGY : GLISTEN:(A) slippery: adhere (B) coarse : polish(C) sharp :hone (D) shallow: overflow (E) savory: taste3. MAVERICK: CONFORMITY: (A) renegade: ambition (B) extrovert: reserve (C) reprobate: humility (D) zealot: loyalty (E) strategist: decisiveness二、缺乏关系（形：名）4. STERILE : BACTERIA:(A) moldy : fungus(B) mendacious : lies(C) desiccated : thirst(D) colorless: rainbow(E) impeccable : flaws5. FLAG: VIGOR: (A) endure: courage(B) tire: monotony (C) question: perception (D) waver: resolution (E) flatter: charm三、消除关系（动：名）6. ASSUAGE: SORROW: (A) retaliate: antipathy (B) dampen: ardor (C) entrust: reliability (D) counsel: reluctance (E) withhold: appreciation7. BALLAST: INSTABILITY: (A) buoy: direction(B) purchase: slippage (C) lathe: metal(D) pulley: leverage (E) hoist: elevator8. WINNOW: CHAFF: (A) ferment: alcohol(B) skim: cream (C) pare: fruit (D) refine: oil(E) filter: impurities9. TEDIOUS: ENERGY:(A) avaricious: satisfaction (B) fractious: irritation (C) disturbing: composure(D) improbable: ambition (E) informed: intelligence 四、对立句子题10. UNTENABLE: DEFENDED: (A) valuable: insured (B) fordable : crossed (C) unjustifiable : forgiven (D) unpretentious: admired (E) invulnerable: injured11. INCORRIGIBLE : REFORMED:(A) inscrutable : understood(B) infallible : believed(C) inferior : defeated(D) ingenious: copied(E) infamous : condemned词性组合与类比关系图解（一般而言）名词：名词种属关系；组成关系名词：动词事物及其功能；正面特征名词：形容词同义词动词：动词（褒贬）程度类比；特殊与正常动词：名词动作及其表达内心思想感情动词：形容词同义词形容词：形容词（褒贬）程度类比形容词：名词形容词修饰名词；缺乏关系形容词：动词容易关系 ！ 本讲义电子版可到获取，密码“000000”。三、难题串讲1.1、INCIPIENT: (A) exuberant(B) full-bodied (C) explicit (D) plentiful (E) full-blown 1.2、NASCENT: (A) widely displaced (B) completely clear (C) totally natural (D) strongly contrary (E) fully established1.3、INCHOATE: (A) explicit(B) dependable (C) pragmatic(D) therapeutic (E) enduring1.4、IMMATURE: DEVELOPED:(A) accessible: exposed (B) theoretical: conceived (C) tangible: identified (D) irregular: classified (E) incipient: realized 2、INEXPERENCE: NEOPHYTEA、grace: dancerB、dexterity: surgeonC、snobbishness: sycophantD、irresponsibility: wastrelE、indolence: spendthrift3、EARMAK: FUNDS:A、 entitle: ownership B、parse: sentence B、 schedule :time D、squint: eye E、 pucker: mouth 4.1、MOCK: IMITATE (A) satirize: charm (B) condense: summarize (C) placate: assuage (D) adapt: duplicate (E) taunt: challenge4.2、SCORN: REJECT:(A) adulate: flatter (B) conjecture: forecast (C) pledge: renege (D) allege: declare (E) disparage: ignore5、ADMONISH: DENOUNCE:(A) challenge: overcome(B) reward: praise(C) control: contain(D) persuade: convince (E) punish: pillory6、STARTLE： (A) appease (B) lull (C) reconcile (D) dally (E) slumber7、DAUNT: (A) make resolute (B) increase vigor (C) instill in (D) demand from (E) summon up8、DAMP: VIBRATION: (A) drench: moisture (B) concentrate: extraction (C) boil: liquid (D) seal: perforation (E) stanch: flow9、MISANTHROPE: PEOPLE: (A) patriot: country (B) reactionary: government (C) curmudgeon: children (D) xenophobe: strangers (E) miscreant: dogma10、FRIEZE: ORNAMENT: (A) arch: divide(B) relief: form (C) arabesque: accentuate(D) nave: border (E) pillar: support 11、VOICE:SHOUT: (A) ear : overhear (B) eye : see (C) hand : clutch (D) nerve : feel (E) nose : inhale12. ABJURE: (A) affirm (B) cajole (C) insist (D) pronounce (E) shout13. BASTE: DRYNESS: (A) desiccate: aridness (B) sift: fluffiness (C) beat: stickiness (D) caulk: moistness (E) irrigate: wetness14. ANTENNA: SIGNAL: (A) bread: grain (B) story: reporter (C) stem: flower (D) net: fish (E) telegram: sender15.BRISTLE:(A) cower (B) feint (C) equivocate (D) coerce (E) appriseGRE词汇扩展讲义：白岩峰一、同义词关系P67.9 P75.7 P49.6 P67.6 P81.4 P135.5P93.4二、程度类比P37.8 P41.8 P93.3 P137.2 P49.9 P77.3 P123.1 P129.3 P135.7 P41.6 P135.1 P57.6 P67.7 P77.4 P95.9三、褒贬程度类比P65.7 P81.6 P95.2 P111.6.8 P21.6 P131.6 P63.3 P101.2 P55.6 P61.6 P67.8 P119.7 P75.9 P133.6 P83.9 P71.8.9 P113.2 P79.9四、组成关系（一）P65.1 P25.1.2 P47.4 P31.8 P39.7 P73.7 P51.5 P43.5 P63.1 P49.2 P41.4 P51.7 P97.1 P53.7 P73.2 P53.9 P115.2 P123.3 P113.3 （二）P27.5 P37.1 P71.5 P43.2 P79.1 P65.3.4 P69.2 P93.1 P113.9 P81.2 P75.4 P79.3 P83.2五、种属关系P27.6 P31.2 P33.4 P49.3 P53.5 P57.2 P69.9 P71.1 P81.1 P103.2.6 P83.3 P95.4 P123.7 P129.4 P131.3 P137.4 P55.5 六、特殊与正常广义上的种属关系（一）P47.1 P59.3 P33.9 P107.9 P109.5 P113.4 P87.7 P35.1 P61.5 P133.8 P127.3 P43.1 P47.5 P41.2 P91.2 （二）P39.1 P43.4 P63.2 P119.1 P43.7 P65.9 P133.9 P51.4 P85.2 P101.5 P95.1 P131.5 P23.4 P67.5 P59.9 P73.3 P101.7.8 P99.8 P29.7 P31.4 P47.9 七、正面特征（一）P33.6 P35.7 P121.6 P41.7 P55.4 P57.4 P61.9 P69.7 P45.3 P33.8 P85.7 P99.2 P71.4 P73.9 P75.8 P81.5 P87.4 P99.6 P127.8 P133.3 P135.2（二）P37.4 P53.4 P69.4 P29.9 P55.1 P1.2 P77.9 P83.5 P89.8 P137.5 P141.6 P51.6.8 P71.7 P59.6 P63.4 P127.6 （三）P75.5 P55.9 P35.3 P55.8 P57.1.8 P67.1 P131.2 P41.1 P61.7 P33.1 P47.2 P77.1 P23.6 P29.3 P51.3 P53.3 P73.6八、容易关系P99.4 P109.6 P125.7 P141.1 九、动作（文体）及其表达内心思想感情P21.2.4 P35.5 P73.8 P63.9 P75.2 P79.9 P99.9 P117.4 P121.1 P139.5 十、形容词修饰名词P31.7 P49.8 P61.2 P139.1.8 P117.8 P89.7 P87.9十一、因果关系（动作及其结果）（一）P55.2 P43.6 P45.9 P89.2.6 P93.5.6 P119.9 P139.9 P37.5 P131.4 P39.9 P123.5（二）P71.3 P75.1.6 P79.2 P41.5 P101.3 P33.5 P73.5 十二、目的关系（事物及其功能）（一）P27.4 P29.5 P41.9 P83.6 P85.6 P121.8 P49.4 P77.7.8 P65.5 P67.2 P85.3.9 P87.1.3 P103.8 P P107.1.5 P123.2 P127.4 P133.5 P139.6.7 P61.4 P21.7 P31.3（二）P25.6 P61.8 P79.4 P141.8 （其他）P65.2 P39.2 P75.3 P57.7 P67.3 P59.1 P47.3 P59.4 P69.8 P39.4 P73.1 P35.6 P39.3 P43.9 P45.2 P49.1 P51.2 P61.1 P81.7 P83.4 P29.1 P45.1 P55.3 P57.3十三、反面特征（一）P45.6 P78.10 P59.5 P27.3 P59.2.8 P69.6 P68.17 P72.10 P141.9 P73.4 P81.3 P21.8 P P57.5 P65.8 P77.6 P79.8 P43.8 P53.6 （二）P25.5 P57.9 P79.5 P63.8 P45.7 P77.5 P63.5 P29.6 P131.7 P141.2P31.9P43.3 P157.5 P71.2 P83.1.7 P47.6 P51.9 P81.8 十四、消除关系P23.8 P49.5 P55.7 P71.6 P45.4 P51.1 P65.6 P21.9 P33.2 十五、缺乏关系P41.3 P45.8 P59.7 P69.3 P69.5十六、对立句子题P39.6 P45.5 P97.4 P26.15 P109.4 P83.8第二次作业：P22.14.18、P6、P6.17.20、P0、P36.19第三次作业：P9、P32.20、P7.14、P42.15、P0、P38.14.20、P5.20.17第四次作业：P42.17、P44.13.15、P7、P46.19.20、P82.10、P50.16.20、P74.19第五次作业：P0、P9.20、P0、P0、P7.18第六次作业：P62.14、P0、P5.17.20、P42.19、P56.16、P4.15.20、P0、P80.14、P56.14、P80.20、P84.20第七次作业：P92.15、P126.12、P104.12、P114.10、P116.20、P120.17、P128.12、P140.12.14、P88.15.16、P92.13、P94.16、P98.11、P102.14.20、P106.15、P112.12、P124.11、P126.17、P98.18、P100.10、P102.16、P114.16、P118.19、P136.18、P138.19第八次作业：P88.11.14、P90.15.19、P92.10、P96.20、P2、P104.10、P130.18、P114.17、P130.10、P136.20、P106.11、P124.20、P108.13、P114.19、P118.13.20、P138.10、P120.13、P130.20、P132.16.18.第九次作业：P94.19、P112.10.15、P106.16、P134.15、P112.13、P124.19、P136.12、P126.14、P122.11、P37.7、P86.17、P132.13、P134.14四、找共性、记单词同根词、同义词、同源词SECTION 11.relinquish, anguish(twinge, agony, trauma), languish, vanquishrepatriate, patriarchy, patrician, patriot, compatriot, expatriate(extradite)3.（同义）profuse,extravagant,lavish,wasteful,profligate,spendthrift,improvident,dissipated,prodigal,wastrel,profligatesurly,touchy,irascible,waspish,snappish,peppery,peevish,petulant,pettish,prickly,crabbed,grumpy,cantankerous,fractious,inflammable,spleenish,splenetic,churlish,irritable,liverish,bilious,huffy,ill-tempered,bad-tempered,short-tempered4.anchor, anchorite, recluse, hermit, solitarydislodge, lodge, shack(shackle),shanty, hut, hovel(thatch, dome), igloo, lodger(ledger)5.nadir,zenith,apex,spire,pinnacle,vertex(vortex),apogee(perigee),acme(acne,freckle), culmination heyday, noon gist, kernel(kennel),tenor, pith(piss),plank,6.timorous,tremulous,timid,recreant,pusillanimous,craven,gutless,spineless,nerveless, chinless quail, quake, quiver, wince, cower, recoil, flinch, cringe7timorous, diffident, bashful, abashed, coy, self-effacingpoltroon, dastard, milksop, coward, recreant, craven effeminate, virile8. seminal, disseminate(sow), seminar, seminary, conservatory, greenhouse, fishery, apiary, aviary(aviation, aviator), hotbed, arboritum, aquarium, sanatorium, solarium, vivarium9.（同义）propensity,tendency,disposition,predisposition,inclination,proclivity,bent,liability,predilection,penchant,10. desirable, desirous;（同义）stubborn, obstinate, headstrong, wrongheaded,intransigent, perverse(perversity),refractory, recalcitrant,contumatious,unmanageable,inflexible,unyielding,unbending,pertinatious,tenatious,intractable,persistent,obdurate, hidebound,adamant,willfull, dogged , mulish , ossified11.viscous, tacky, viscid, sticky, glutinous12.grouse, grumble, gripe, grouch, grudge, repine, moan, querulousSECTION 21. qualified, qualification, reservation, unqualified, categorical; diverge, converge; sane, insane; coordinate, subordinate2. whimsical, capricious, fickle, mercurial, erratic, volatile, labile, protean, versatile, inconstant, changeable; steadfast, stalwart3.（同义）obstacle, barrier, hurdle(huddle), obstruction, impediment, hindrance, encumbrance, block, barricade, spokebar(disbar), grille(grill), stockade, stall(forestall), fold, coop, c