渗透检测规程-PTinstru.doc

渗透检测工艺规程Penetration Test Instruction目录Contents 1范围 scope2 引用标准、法规normative references3检测人员 personnel4基本程序 basic procedures5渗透检测剂 reagent for penetration test6对比试块 reference blocks7表面准备 surface preparation8渗透检测方法penetration testing methods9渗透检测操作penetration testing operation1范围scope 本规程适用于金属材料制成的成品及其零部件表面开口缺陷的检测方法，主要包括着色渗透检测。The document is applicable to surface imperfection inspection for metallic finished products and components, mainly hinging upon dying and penetration tests.2.引用标准、法规Normative ReferencesISO 3452-5焊缝无损检测-熔化焊接头渗透检测ISO 3452-5 Non-Destructive Tests For Welds- Penetrant Test For Fusion Welded Joints3检测人员 Personnel检测人员按 “根据ISO 9712:2005无损检测人员资格鉴定和认证考核规则” 或国家相应检测机构颁发的有效证件持证上岗，并严格执行审核制度。 Personnel involved into penetration test should be those who are in possession of certificates issued by relevant examination body in accordance with ISO 9712:2005 Non- Destructive Test- Qualification & Certification of Personnel. 4基本程序 Basic Procedures渗透检测操作的基本步骤：basic steps include following a预清洗pre-cleaning；b施加渗透液applying penetration solution； c清洗多余的渗透液cleaning superabundant penetration solution； d施加显像剂applying developer； e观察及评定显示迹痕observing and interpreting photograph。 5渗透检测剂 Reagent For Penetration Test渗透检测剂一般包括渗透剂、乳化剂、清洗剂和显像剂。渗透剂贮存温度为15 50，避免阳光直照，并放在低温暗处保存。如发现有明显的混浊或沉淀物，变色或难以清 洗，予以报废。湿式显像剂应保持在适当的浓度范围内。检测剂对工件无腐蚀，对人体无毒害作用。对奥氏体钢材料，一定量检测剂蒸发后残渣中的氯、氟元素含量的重 量比不得超过1%。 Generally, reagents for penetration test include penetrants, emulsifiers, detergents and developers. Penetrants should be stored in dark place with temperature ranging from 15 to 50 and not directly exposed to sunshines. They shall be discarded in case of any obvious turbidity or precipitate, color changes or difficulties in cleaning. Wet developer should be maintained within suitable concentration range. Inspection reagent shall neither cause corrosion to workpieces nor create danger to personnel. For austenic steel, percentage of chlorine and fluorine in residue when testing reagent evaporates should not exceed 1%。6对比试块 Reference Blocks对比试块主要用于检验检测剂性能及操作工艺。所用对比试块有：reference blocks are mainly used for inspecting reagent properties and testing procedures effectiveness. All reference blocks include: 5.1铝合金试块 aluminum alloy reference blocks5.2镀铬试块 reference blocked plated with chromium 对比试块使用后要进行彻底清洗。 Reference blocks should be thoroughly cleaned after being applied.7 表面准备 Surface Preparation工件表面不得有铁锈、氧化皮、焊接飞溅、铁屑、毛刺以及各种防护层。被检工件机加工表面粗糙度Ra值为6.3m，被检工件非机加工表面粗糙度Ra值为12.5m，不能打磨的工件可适当放宽。局部检测时，准备工作范围可从检测部位四周向外扩展25mm。 Workpiece surface should be free of rust, oxides, welding spatters, chips, burs and protection coatings. The roughness of surface machined, Ra, should be 6.3m; the roughness of surface not machined, Ra, should be 12.5m; for workpieces which cannot be grinded, the requirement is not so strict. In case that penetration test is conducted locally, preparation area shall expand externally by 25mm with the point to be tested as center.8渗透检测方法Penetration Inspection Methods采用溶剂去除型着色渗透剂 （代号VC）、快干显像剂 （代号S），其检测方法的符号为 VCS。 Penetration reagent（designated by VC）and fast-drying developer (designated by S) shall be removed by solvent. This test technique is designated by VCS.9渗透检测操作 Penetration Inspection Operation9.1预清洗 Pre-Cleaning去除表面污垢。清洗时，采用配套的清洗剂。清洗后，检测面应干燥，不得有遗留的溶剂和水分。Surface should be kept from contamination. Suitable detergent should be applied for cleaning which shall be accompanied by drying, ensuring surface free of any residual solvent or water. 9.2施加渗透剂 Applying Penetration Reagent具体的施加方法采用喷涂或刷涂，保证被检部位完全被渗透剂复盖，并在整个渗透时间内保持润湿状态。 Penetration reagent shall be sprayed or brushed to the position to be examined where must be covered completely, and keep reagent moist during the whole penetrating course. 9.2.1渗透时间及温度 Time and Temperature在1550的温度条件下，渗透时间一般不得少于10min。 Generally, penetrating time should be no less than 10min. when temperature ranges from 15 to 50.9.3清洗多余的渗透剂 Cleaning Away Superabundant Peneration Reagent在清洗工件表面上多余的渗透剂时，应注意防止过度清洗而使检测质量下降，同时也应注意防止清洗不足而造成对缺陷显示识别困难。一般先用干净不脱毛的破布依次擦拭，直至大部分多余渗透剂被清除后，再用蘸有清洗剂的干净不脱毛的破布或纸 进行擦拭，直至将被检面上多余的渗透剂全部擦净。不得往复擦拭，不得用清洗剂直 接在被检面上冲洗。 When cleaning away superabundant penetration reagent, avoid over-cleaning which maydamage testing results, and incomplete cleaning which may cause difficulty in photograph development and interpretation. Generally, wipe with clean and napless cloth away most superabundant penetration reagent; then clean with clean and napless cloth dipped in detergent away all residual excessive reagent. Neither wiping back and forth nor rinsing with detergent is forbidden. 9.4干燥处理 drying 施加快干显像剂之前，检测面需干燥处理。一般进行自然干燥，此时被检面温度不得大于50，干燥时间为510min。 Prior to applying fast-drying developer, surface examined shall be dryed. Natual drying is usually adopted; in this case, the temperature of examined surface shall not exceed 50, and drying time keeps 510min.9.5施加显像剂Applying developer 显像剂在使用前应充分搅拌均匀，显像剂施加应薄而均匀，不可在同一地点反复施加。喷施显像剂时，喷嘴离被检面为300400mm，喷洒方向与被检面夹角为30 40，显像时间不应少于7min。 Developer should be fully mixed prior to being applied. It should be thinly and homogeneously smeared. When spraying developer, the distance from the nozzle to surface examined shall be maintained 300400mm; angle between spray and the face inspected is 30 40; and developing time shall be no less than 7min.9.6观察 Observation观察显示迹痕应在施加显像剂后730min内进行，可见光照度500lx，必要时可用510倍放大镜观察或复验。 Observasion shall be observed in 730min after developer is applied, and illumination should be more than 500lx. Observe or recheck with magni