形容词副词突破.doc

形容词 副词 突破 考点：1 形容词的句法功能（除谓语外的所有成分） 2 形容词的同级比较级 3 形容词作定语的顺序 4 定语形容词和表语形容词 5 副词的句法功能（除主，谓，宾外） 6 副词的同级，比较级，最高级句型 7 意思相近的形容词，副词的比较 8 形容词形式的副词和以“ly结尾的副词的区别 9 形容词与副词比较级的修饰语 一 形荣词 1 定语：不定代词作定语时是后置定语，一般是前置定语 a good suggestion I have something interesting to tell you Is there anything wrong with the machine 2 表语 跟在系动词之后 our classroom is bright 3 用作宾语补足语 The news made me happy. 4 和定冠词一起表示一类 （不知什么，看不清楚）作主语和宾语 the+adj the rich/the poor the+v.ed the disabled(残疾人） 这类词表示复数概念 the+v.ing the living(活着的人） 但少数 the injured, the dead, the wounded 后可用单数 eg. The injured was sent to hospital at once. 5 用作状语（表状态） He went to bed,cold and hungry. He sat there,silent. 6 固定结构 in short 简单地说 in general 总之 all of a sudden 突然 二 形容词的位置 美小圆旧黄 beautiful small round法国木书房 old yellow france wooden study三 表语形容词和定语形容词 以 a-开头的形容词只能作表语和补语，不能作定语 alike, alive, alone, afraid, ashamed, awake The twins are very alike(对） the alike twins(错) The little boy was left alone. 有些adj只能作定语，不能作表语 live, elder, wooden, golden, woolen |ai| This is a live fish. She is my elder sister 四 某些以ly结尾的是形容词而不是副词 brotherly, friendly, lovely, lonely, likely, orderly 五 复合形容词的构成 1 adj.+n+ed kind-hearted, red-eyed, white-haired 2 adj.+adj. dark-blue, red-hot, red-light 3 adj.+v.ing tired-looking, ordinary-looking 4 adv.+v.ing hard-workin 5 adv.+v.ed newly-built well-written 6 n.+adj life-long, world famous 7 n.+v.ing peace-loving, English speaking 8 n.+n.+ed man-made, snow-cover 9 数+n.+ed a three-egged table a six-storeged building10数+n./(+adj.) an 8-year-old girl the eighth five-year plan六 adj.比较级的用语 1 修饰语可用 even, still, a bit/little, much, a lot, far, by far, no, not, any 来表示程度 Is your father any better? Yes, much better. no more than 两者都不 A is not more +adj. than B A 不比/不如B 2 less+adj.(原级）+than 一方不及另一方 This boy is less clever than that one. 这个没那个聪明。 3 比较级+ and+比较级 越来越 Our life is getting better and better. China will become more and more powerful. 4 the+比较级, the+比较级 表示“越越” The more, the better. The harder one studies, the more progress one makes. 一个人读书越用功，取得的进步就越大。 5 as+原级+as 和一样 (肯，否，疑） so+原级+as 只用于否定句 My brother is as tall as I. My brother isnt as/so tall as I. 6 使用adj比较级时注意排除主语本身 A China is larger than any country in Africa. B China is larger than any other country in Asia. 7 惯用语 the+比较级+of 当用of表示两者中较和“，比较级前用 “the He is the taller of the two brotherCanada is the larger of the two countries.8 adv.最高级前的the 可省略 Of all the students he came earlist.七 adj.形式的副词与ly副词的区别high 高 highly 高度地 close 靠近 closely 紧密地，仔细 wide 宽 widely 广泛地 late 晚，迟 lately 近来deep 深 deeply 深深地 hard 努力, 用功 hardly 几乎不 free 免费的 freely 自由地 heavy 重 heavily 严重地 ago / before (过去时） （完成时）八 副词的位置-句首，句中，句末修饰v. adj. adv. 句子句首 neverThese students are never late for pletely , happy , successful , go quickly几组词 very & much 1 可分等级的adj 和adv 前使用very 不用 much 2 表示状态的过去分词前用very a very frightened boy quite , fairly , ratherfairly 常和 nice , good , well , bravely 等含褒义的词连用 quite 修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite quite wrong(mistaken, sure) impossible, perfect介词 一 about二 across三 at 1 at用于位置与表示娱乐场所（如“ 咖啡馆, 戏院， 俱乐部等）或人们学习工作或生活的地方（如办公室，学校等）的名词 连用时，常常有正从事有关活动的意味 at a hospital at the hotel at Beijing university2 at school 常指“在学校上课”涉及的时间较短 in school 常指“在学校求学或居住”涉及的时间较长3 “在（节假日）时” at 通常指 整个的假日，不仅指一天 at Easter, at Christmas4 on可具体指节日的某一天 On Easter Monday On Christmas Day at the weekend/weekends(英） on（美）5 在英式英语中，引起感情，心理刺激的如果是人或物，通常用with;如果是言行或事件，则通常用at 6 表示方向和对象时，可指视线的方向 look at 嘲笑/讽刺/怨恨的对象 laugh at shout at(恶意的） to(善意的）7 可以表示“在方面”，常用于表示能力或造诣的adj.或n.之后，说明其领域 be clever/good/quick 8 表示比率时，意为“以价格” “以速度” “以比率” The house rents at 0 a month. at a rate/height of sell at 一般指单位 sell for 一般指总价 四 by 1 不迟于，在之前“，常与动词的 一般现在时，将来时，完成时或将来完成时连用 Do you expect to finish the work by tomorrow night? 2 在期间，到时候” by the end of this quarter 到这个季度末 3 “从中经过，顺着（公路等）” e entered by the back door 4 表示方式时，“乘（交通工具），经由（陆路，水路等） 通过（通讯，邮电等）手段 ”抓（或握，拉，牵等）经（某人身体或衣着部分） “握（或拿，抓）经（物体的手柄等） lead a horse by the bridle 牵着马的缰绳 lead the child by the hand 拉着孩子的手 5 增减强度 “到程度，以之差“ lose the game by one goal win by 3 to 2 6 根据，从判断” 7 the thing was done by my order order,advice前需用介词by,不可用at 8 以幅度（上升或下降）” fall by 以为单位，按计算“，常与表示时间单位的几何数词连用，n前常用定冠词 by the dozen The ants arrived at the camp by the hundreds. 数以百计的蚂蚁爬到野营地。 9 表示累加 ”接， day by day step by step 五 for 1 表示 时间 时 在（特定时间“ 定于” “安排在（约定时间或商定时间） the meeting is fixed for 3 oclock 2 表示方向 head for leave for 3 表示原因与“奖惩” “著名” 之意的adj.连用 be famous for be punished for 4 表示比较时 “考虑到” “就而言” “与相比” Its cold for the time of year 多见于句中adj.的程度adv (enough, too, very, quite, rather等）所修饰的情况 5 表示比率 “以价格” sell sth for 以为代” at 第次 for the first time 六 in 1 表示状态 在情况下 in high spirits in despair in good order in a hurry in ruins in tears 在身上，“在心中” “包含在性格中” My success excited envy in him. 我的成功激起了他的嫉妒。 in ones mind 在头脑中” “在思考中”n ones mind 惦记着” “挂在心上” 2 表示比率 “以为单位” 其后常接数词或单位n的复数形式 pack them in tens be priced in dollars 3 习语 in view of 由于，鉴于 in fear of 担心，害怕 in sight/in view 在能看得见的范围内，在考虑中七 on 1 在之时，刚就 常接v.ing 或表示动作意义的名词 on hearing on ones arrival2 表示所属 是的成员，后接集体名词 Is he on that team? On the board 委员会 at night 在夜晚 on the night of 特指“在某天夜里” in the night 当天夜里” by night 常含“利用夜晚”的意 in the daytime相 与 by day 相对3 “关于” “涉及” write on the question 倍数的表达： about-一般用于非正式的谈话或随便提及 A is two times as big as Bon -主要用于有准备的正式语言交流 A is two times bigger than B 如演说，讲课，写作等 A is twice the length of Bof -一般表示提及某人或某事物及其存在与否 不涉及有关的具体内容 易混用的介词 1 after/in be pleased at 言行&事件 what he said/the news with 人或物 sb 2 about /on about 关于 内容普通，不太正式 on 关于 （严肃的，学术性的，专门研究的） 3 across go across the street over climb over a mountain hrough go through a forest4 except 除开（前后一致,即指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分） except for 除开（肯定整体，修正细节，它的宾语与前述对象完全是两回事） besides=in addition to apart from5 since + from 自以来 I have known him from a child 一段时间 + ago since 2001 时间点 two years ago 已经有 I have knwon him for 2 years. 易错用的介词 in the direction of be caught in rain with the help of the news in the newspaper a hole in the wall the key to the door the tickets for the film leave for Beijing(去的地方） enter the room be married to sb=marry sb 词组：be struck by die of 内因：饥饿，寒冷，疾病 in the charge of die from 外伤：比如车祸，火灾等意外 at the age of have sth to do with beyond all praise congratulate sb on sth 赞不绝口 learn by heart go off 离开 name after reduce by 减少了 the key to success free of charge 免费 rob sb of sth set for be cross/angry with 生气 make a fool of sb/oneself 使某人出丑 连词： while 1 during the time that;when He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework. 2 at the same time as 与同时 While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 3 对比或相反的情况 I drink black coffee (清咖啡）while he prefers it with cream. 4 although 虽然 句首 While I admit that there are problems,I dont agree that they cannot be solved. when 1 be about to do be doing +when (突然） had done 2 当时候（短） 3 既然=considering 4 即使 连词 1 并列连词 and, both not only, but also neithernor as well as (方框里的 就近原则） 2 转折连词 but, while, yetconj. ， however (adv.), still adv 依然 3 选择 or, otherwise, eitheror, whetheror 4 原因 for, then, thus, therefore(adv.), so because, since=nowthat/considering 5 时间 once, as, before, as soon as Since, while, when, each time, the first time(the moment) immediately instantly directly no sooner than hardly when(里的用 had done) on+doing 一.就. 6 地点 where, whereve