语法现在完成时态.doc

语法-现在完成时态-表示发生在以前的某个未明确的过去时间里，目前已经完成或结束的动作或状况。现在完成时-肯定句构成：主语+have / has +过去分词 I have already finished my homework.否定句构成：主语+have / has +not +过去分词 I have not finished my homework yet.一般疑问句构成： Have / Has +主语+过去分词？ Have you finished your homework yet?1.Has she ever visited New York?肯定回答: Yes, she has.否定回答: No, she hasnt.2.Have you ever lived in Garden Hotel?肯定回答: Yes, I have.否定回答: No, I havent.值得注意几个问题：）动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：We have studied English for two years. 我们学英语两年了。）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，要用现在完成时。例如：I have been to Shanghai twice . 我曾去过上海两次）以When开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如：When did you lose your pen ? 你什么时候丢了钢笔？）just (刚刚）与现在完成时连用，just now (刚才）与一般过去时连用。例如：The train has just gone. 火车刚刚离开。The train left here just now. 火车是刚才离开。）since 作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用现在完成时；since 作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。He has worked in this factory since 1996.I have known him since he was a child.6 ） so far 、in the last / past 与现在完成时连用。例如 ：So far , many countries have sent up satellites into space. In the last 30 years , our lives have changed a lot.7）某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来，动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示。一段时间的表达方法有两种:for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three yearsSince 过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away since last week.He has been away for a week.对划线部分提问都用How long学习现在完成时应注意的三个区别。1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别。2）since 和 for 的区别。3）have / has gone to have / has been to have / has been in 的区别。延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳。参考P151A、leave been away from buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead get upbe up put onbe on come / get backbe back go to townbe in town losebe missing catch a coldhave a cold closebe closed / not open openbe open fall ill / asleep be ill / asleep begin /startbe on get /receive a letter fromhave a letter fromB、come to be here / there arrive in （at）/ get to / reachbe here / there join the army-be in the army/ be a soldier join the League-be in the League / be a league member巩固练习-1.我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.We bought the book three years ago. 一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同意句2.他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days. He caught a cold three days ago.3.自从上星期我借的这本书。I have kept the book since last week. I borrowed the book last week.4.我成为一个学生两年多了。I have been a student for over two years.I became a student two years ago.5.Mr Black死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years. Mr Black died three years ago.6.小明参军半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.7.我们上了9年学了。We have been students for nine years.8.下课10分钟了。The class has been over for ten minutes.9.电影开始了一小时了。The film has been on for an hour.比较 have/has been to have/has gone toHe has gone to Shanghai. 他(已经)去上海了。He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。1,I have never been here.2,Have you ever been there before?here, there 前不用介词 to ever, never 放在过去分词前练习-1.-Are you sure you _(lose )the book? -Yes. I _(look) for it everywhere, but I still cant find it.2._you _(take) the medicine yet?-Yes. I _(take ) it half an hour ago.3.I_(never, meet) her sister before.4.He _(just, watch )a football game. He is so tired and hungry.5._you ever _(travel) on a train?6._Wei Fang_ (come) already. -Yes. He _(come) just now.-When _she_ (come)?-She _(come) just now.7.How many times _you _(read) this book? I _(read) it several times.8.I_(read) only two pages of this book.9.-How long_ you_ (learn) English?-Ever since I _(go) to middle school.10.It _(be) two months since he_ (leave) his homework.用for.; since填空1.Maya has been a professional singer _ 1989. 2.So far, it has rained _ five hours. 3.I havent been snowboarding _ last winter. 4.Jo has been a student here _ March. 5.The panda has been a gift of China_many years. 6.Birds have almost disappeared from the rural area _ humans settled here. 7.Mary has kept a diary _she was ten years old. 8.First Nations people in India have told stories about the eagle _ hundreds of years. 9.The Canadian two-dollar coin has been in circulation _ 1996. 10.Theyve been married _ twenty-five years. 火眼金睛-改错Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.1、Tom has got up for half an hour.2 、Liu Mei has joined the League for three years.3、The train has reached the station since 10 minutes ago.4、The little girl has fallen asleep for four hours.5、When have you cleaned the classroom? Its clean now.6、How long have you caught a cold?7、She has got ten letters from her mother since last week.七嘴八舌1.I _ (be) busy these days. I _ (not go) to the cinema for weeks.2.How many units _ you _ (learn) so far?3.Lily with her parents _(go) to Sanya . They will be back in five days.4.Nobody _(dive) in our class before.5.Alice _(make) several friends since she _ (come) to China.6._ your brother_(drive) a horse before?7.They _(stay) in the park during the past three hours.中招直航一 、Choose the right answers.1 、The twins can speak good Chinese because they _China for 6 years. A have been to B have come to C have been in D have gone to2 、Uncle Wang_in factory since it opened in 1989. A works B worked C has worked D have worked3 、_have you lived in Beijing ? A How soon B How often C How much D How long4 、Hes _back home since 3 days ago. A come B got C been D get5、 He never has lunch at home , _he ? A hasnt B has C doesnt D does6 、-Where is Tom? I cant find him anywhere. -He _ back for a holiday. A. went B. goes C. has gone D. will go7 、I_ him since we _ children.A.knew, were B. have known, were C. know, are D. have known, are8 、It _ more than two years since she