研究生英语阅读练习题(附答案).doc

Part I Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Each of the following passage below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage： In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the United states. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life-and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials. Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling In many areas, the East Coast, especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $ 100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material 1.What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?A) Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.B)Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.C)A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.D)Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.2.The returned plastic bottles in New York used to _.A)end up somewhere underground.B)Be turned into raw materials.C)Have a second-life value.D)Be separated form other rubbish.3.The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is _.A)to sell them at a profitable price.B)How to turn them into useful things.C)How to reduce their recycling costs.D)To lower the prices for used materials.4.Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because _.A)local governments find it easy to manage.B)Recycling has great appeal for the jobless.C)Recycling causes little pollution. D)Other methods are more expensive.5.It can be concluded from the passage that _.A)rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materials.B)Local governments in the US can expect big profits from recycling.C)Recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally.D)Landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent to murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders. The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway. In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others. For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer. The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100,000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100,000 population. The sharp climb in the states murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence. It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed, innocent people will be murdered-some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.6. The principal purpose of this passage is to _.A. criticize the government B. argue for the value of the death penaltyC. speak for the majorityD. initiate a veto7. The passage attempts to establish a relationship between _.A. the importance of equal rights and that of the death penaltyB. executions and murdersC. the murder rate and the imposition of the death penaltyD. the effects of execution and the effects of isolation8. The authors response to those who urge the death penalty for all degrees of murder would most likely be _.A. supportive B. hostile C. rigative D. friendly9. In the passage the author is primarily concerned with _.A. supporting a position B. describing an eventC. analyzing a problem objectively D. settling a dispute10. It can be inferred that the author thinks that _.A. the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importanceB. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debatedC. the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States todayD. the second type murderers (in Paragraph 4) should be sentenced to death Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: The competition among producers of personal computer is essentially arace to get the best, most innovative products to the marketplace. Marketers in this environment frequently have to make a judgement as to their competitors role when making marketing strategy decisions. If major competitors are changing their products,then a marketer may want to follow suit to remain competive. Apple Computer, Inc.has introduced two new, faster personal computers, the Mackintosh II and Mackintosh SE, in anticipation of the introduction of a new PC by IBM, one of Apples major competitors. Apples new computers are much faster and more powerful than its earlier models. The improved Mackintosh is able to run programs that previously were impossible to run on an Apple PC, including IBM-compatibal programs. This compatibility feature illustrates computer manufacturers new attitude of giving customers the features they want. Making Apple computers captible of runing IBM software is Apples effort at making the Mackintosh compatible with IBM computers and thus more popular in office, where Apple hopes to increase sales.Users of the Apple can also add accessories to make their machines specialize in specific uses, such as engineering and writing. The new computers represent a big improvement over past models, but they also cost much more. Company officials do not think the higher price will slow down buyers who want to step up to a more powerful computer. Apple wants to stay in high-price end of the personal computer market to finance research for even faster, more sophisticated computers. Even though Apple and IBM are major competitors, both companies realize that their competitors computers have certain features that their own models do not. The Apple line has always been popular for its sophisticated color graphics, whereas the IBM machines have always been favored in offices. In the future, there will probably be more compatibility between the two companies products, which no doubt will require that both Apple and IBM change marketing strategies.11.According to the passage, Apple Computer, Inc, has introduced the Mackintosh II and the Mackintosh SE because _.A)IBM is changing its computer models cintinuouslyB)it wants to make its machines specialize in specific usesC)it wants to stay ahead of IBM in the competitive computer marketD)it expects its major competitor IBM to follow its example12.Apple hopes to increase Mackintosh sales chiefly by _.A)making its new models capable of running IBM softwareB)improving the color graphics of its new modelsC)copying the marketing stratefies of IBM D)giving the customers what they want13.Apple sells its new computer model at a high price because_.A)they have new features and functionsB)they are more sophisticated than other models C)they have new accessories attached D)it wants to accumulate funds for future research14.It can be inferred from the passage that both Apple and IBM try to gain a competitive advantage by_.A)copying each others technologyB)incorporating features that make their products distinctiveC)making their computers more expensiveD)making their computers run much faster15.The best title for the passage would be_.A)Apples Effort to Stay Ahead of IBMB)Apples New Computer TechnologyC)Apples New personal ComputersD)Apples Research ActivitiesQuestions16 to 20 are based on the following passage: How to eat healthfully can be especially complex for working women who often have neither the desire nor the time to cook for themselves (or anyone else). Registered dietitian Barbara Morrissey suggests that a few simple rules can help. Go for nutrient-dense foods,she suggests, foods that contain a multiple of nutrients. For example, select whole wheat bread as a breakfast food, rather than coffee cake. Or drink orange juice rather than orange drink, which contains only a small percentage of real juice-the rest is largely colored sugar water. You just cant compare the value of these foods, the nutrient-dense ones are so superior,she emphasizes. Morrissey believes that variety is not only the spice of life-its the foundation of a healthful diet. Diets which are based on only one or two foods are not only virtually impossible to sustain, they can be very harmful, she says, because nutrients arent supplied in sufficient amounts or balance. According to Morrissey, trying to find a diet that will cure your illnesses, or make you superwoman is a fruitless search. As women, many of us are too concerned with staying thin, she says, and we believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food. We need carbohydrates, protein and fat-they are like the wood in the fireplace. The vitamins and minerals are the match, the spark, for the fuel, she explains. We need them all, but in very different proportions. And if the fuel isnt there, the spark is useless.16. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that working women _. A. think cooking is especially complicated B. do not share the same views with registered dietitians C. are busy and not interested in cooking D. are likely to eat healthfully17. Orange juice is different from orange drink in that _. A. it contains only a small percentage of real juice B. it is nttural, nutritious and prepared from real oranges C. it is largely orange-colored sugar water D. it produces nothing but calories18. In paragraph 4, a fruitless search means _. A. an effort with no results B. a search for a diet without fruits C. a research on fruitless diets D. a diet serving as medicine19. Many women take it for granted, according to the passage, that _. A. a balanced diet can result in being fat B. staying thin and healthy are both possible C. lack of variety in diets leads to staying thin D. vitamins are some kind of substitutions for food20. By if the fuel isnt there, the spark is useless, the author means _. A. carbohydrates, protein and fat are enough to rsustain a human life B. vitamins and minerals are virtually of no value C. carbohydrates, protein and fat are as important as vitamins and minerals D. without carbohydrates, protein and fat, vitamins and minerals are of no use Part II cloze (10%)Direction: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark you answer on the ANSWER SHEET .When my turn came I was thinking hard about how to jump out properly, and not asking myself whether to jump or not. Then the green light went up, the man in front of me shot 21 : I clutched the sides of the door-way, 22 the air outside the plane seem to be screeching past. One, two-the dispatcher was beside me 23 with his arm like a boxing referee-then the order to jump, and 24 fixedly ahedad so as not to look down, I wrenched with both arms.The next half-second is 25 which no one who has experienced a first 26 can ever forget, or indeed contemplate calmly, 27 is anyone likely to be able to imagine it merely from a 28 . The parachutist jumps 29 a static atmosphere inside the 30 into the slipstream flowing past outside 31 perhaps 40 to 320 km per hour, and immdediately it seems that a 32 mighty wind or raging torrent has 33 one side of his body. I have never felt so 34 in the power of blind 35 forces, completely beyond the control of my own 36 . To be rolled about and knocked over by waves might feel something like 37 , if you could 38 the sea about you moving at twice the pace of a racing motorist.Then suddenly there was a hard tug at my shoulders, and the 39 of being a snowflake in a maelstrom ceased as abruptly as it had begun. The parachute had 40 .21. A. up B. down C. out D. away22. A. when B. as C. for D.while23. A. shaking B. waving C. signaling D. counting24. A. looking B. keeping C. seeing D. holding25. A. nothing B. something C. that D. somewhat26. A. chance B. time C.jump D. shot27. A. nor B. either C. scarecely D. hardly28. A. description B. jump C. referee D. dispatcher29. A. in B. with C. around D. from30. A. room B. plane C. space D. body31. A. from B. between C. within D. at32. A. growing B. gushing C. rushing D. coming33. A.struck B. stuck C. stripped D. staked34. A. hopeless B. helpless C. tearless D. dauntless35. A.vital B. ocean C. physical D. tidal36. A. skill B. feat C. parachute D. will37. A. those B. it C. floating D. diving38. A. pretend B. dream C. imagine D. fancy39. A. impression B. sensation C. excitement D. surprise40. A. opened B. finished C. completed D. broken Part III Translation(10%) Directions: There is one short passage below. Translate the passage into Chinese and write down your version on the ANSWER SHEET.Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of virus