初中英语语法--名词.docx

名词(nouns)的用法及语法专项练习题英语王英语网 - 少儿英语专家作者：英语王教 文章来源：本站原创 点击数： 9033 更新时间：2006-6-19 15:16:40名词(nouns)的用法及语法专项练习题一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念等。二、名词的种类1、名词可以根据其意义分为普通名词（common noun）和专有名词（proper noun）.普通名词1、类名词book 书， table 桌， house 房子， pencil铅笔2、集体名词family 家庭， crowd 人群， army 军队， police 警察3、物质名词milk 牛奶， water 水， honey 蜜， salt 盐4、抽象名词honesty 诚实， happiness 幸福， love 爱， experience 经历 注：有些集体名词如被看作整体时就作单数用，如被看作集体中各个成员时就作复数用. My family is a small one. His family are waiting for him.“people”通常视为person的复数形式，作“民族”解时则有复数形式（peoples）三名词的数（可数名词和不可数名词） 1、可数名词的单数和复数作主语时决定谓语动词的单数和复数；不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。注：其中类名词和集体名词为可数名词(countable nouns); 物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词(uncountable nouns)。2、名词的规则复数形式(可数名词)。 名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：构成方法语 音例 词在词尾加-s1在清辅音后读作/ s/2在浊辅音后读作/z/1desk-desks/desks/2dog-dogs/dCgz/1在以/s, z, F, V, tF, dV/等音结尾的名词之后加-es2如词尾为e，只加-s-（e）s读作/iz/1.class-classes/ 5kla:siz/buzz-buzzes/ 5bQziz/2horse-horses/5hC:siz/page-pages/5peidViz/如词尾为-f或-fe，则一般变为-ves-ves读作/vz/knife-knives/naivz/以辅音y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es-ies读作/iz/family-families/f Amiliz/以元音y结尾的名词，加-s-s读作/z/boy-boys/bCiz/以辅音o结尾的名词，加-es-es读作/z/tomato-tomatoes/t 5mB:tuz/以元音o结尾的名词，加-s-s读作/z/radio-radios/5reidiuz/以结尾-th的名词，加-s1在长元音后,-ths读作/ Tz/2在短元音或辅音后，-ths读作/Ws/1.bath-baths/ba:Tz/2.month-months/mQnWs/3.名词的不规则复数形式构成方法例 词变内部元音woman/5wumn/-women/5wimin/ tooth/tu:W/-teeth/ti:W牙齿 man/mAn/-men/men/ mouse/maus/- mice/mais/ 鼠foot/fut/-feet/fi:t/ 足词尾加-enchild/ 5tFaild/-children/ 5tFildren/ ox/ Cks/-oxen/5Cksn/ 公牛形式不变（复数与单数一样）beer/di/-deer 鹿 fish/fiF/-fish sheep/Fi:p/-sheep外 来 词phenomenon/fi5nCminn/-phenomena/fi5nCmin/ 现象4.有些名词是复数形式，但实际上作单数用，如politcs, physics, news, the United Nations等.5有些名词通常只有复数形式，如goods, trousers, clothes, series等 但这些名词作主语时谓语动词应用复数形式，但前面有a pair of时，应用单数形式。 A pair of trousers isn 5t enough. The trousers are worn out.6.有些集体名词往往作复数用，如cattle, police, fish等。 The police are running after the thief.但有些集体名词却往往作单数用，如clothing, machinery等。7.有些名词只作单数用，他们没有复数形式，如knowledge, weather, litter等。四限定词与名词的搭配关系。有些限定词只能跟可数名词或不可数名词，而有些限定词跟两者皆可，详见下表：可数名词不可数名词a, the, some, anythe, some, anythis, that, these, thosethis, thatnone, one, two, three,onea lot of, (a)few, fewerthan, morethanA large number of, a great number of, manya lot of, morethan, much, a large amount of (a)little, lessthan五名词所有格的形式和用法。1名词所以格一般是词尾加s构成，如the boys bag; our teachers room等。如果原词已经有复数词尾-s，则仅仅加一个（）即可，如boys school等。词尾无s的复数名词则仍要加s，如mens clothes等。2表示无生命东西的名词的所有格必须用表示，不可用词尾加（s）或（），而是用of 属格,如,the window of the room等。但在表示时间、距离以及其他习惯用语中，则需用（s）或（）表示所有格，如ten minutes walk等。3 所有格的名词在下列情况下应省略：（1） 被所有格修饰的名词是指店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，如： I went to my uncles (house) yesterday.（2） 避免重复 This is not my bicycle, but Lao Lins.(省略bicycle)4双重所有格的形式和用法。a(this, that)名词of所有格名词a friend of my fathers(=one of my fathers friends) 名词专项练习题1. _ is spoken the most widely in the world.A. Chinese B. English C. FrenchD. Russian2. I am thirsty. Would you bring me_, please? A. some bread B.some tea C.some cakes D. some eggs3. Whats wrong with my sons _? He cant see things clearlyA. eyesB. earsC. mouthD. nose4The Alps（阿尔卑斯山） an area of 200,000 square kilometers. A. is B. are C. has D. have5 A pair of glasses what I need at the moment. A. is B. are C. has D. have6. we live in the Westen . A. Beijings outskirt B. Beijings outskirts C. outskirt of Beijing D. outskirts of Beijing7.Five pounds as much as it used to. A. dont buy B. doesnt buy C. are buying D. is buying8. plastics are made in this chemical works.A.Many kind of B. Many kinds of C. Many kinds D.Many kind9.“Lao wang has just moved into a new flat.” “Did he have to buy for it?”A.many new furniture(家具) B. much new furnitures C. much new furniture D.many new furnitures10. changed; whatever men can do, women can do too.A.The time has B.The times C.Times have D.Times11.He has on his farm. A.20 head of cattles B.20 heads of cattles C.20 heads of cattle D.20 head of cattle12.I wish I could give you .A.many advice B. much advice C.many advices D.a lot of advices13.If you go to the hills, you will see there.A.much fine scenery B.few fine sceneries C.a few fine sceneries D.many fine sceneries14.The news of the losses suffered by our enemy much worse than expected.A.was B.were C.are D.has15.He opened the letter and it contained .A.an important information B.some important informations C.many important informations D.some important information16.Our national football team reorganized(重新组建)。A.have been B.are being C.has been D.is to17.Remember ; thank your friend when you leave the party.A.your manner B.your manners C.his manner D.his manners18.The students hope that they won t have to do today.A.much homework B.many homeworks C.a lot of homeworks D.few homework19.They say the police always stopping people from doing what they want to do.A.is B.are C.has D.have20.Where is China Daily? A.today B.today of C.todays D.of today 21.The Lu Gou Bridge is described in Marco Polos “Travel” as most beautiful bridge.A.the worlds B.worlds C.the world D.world22.Have you ever had in your country?A.a womens boxer B.a womans boxer C.a women boxer D.a woman boxer23.“How far is the new library from here?” “Its about away.”A.ten minute walk B.ten minutes walk C.ten minutes walk D.ten-minute walk24.They agreed to meet at . A.Peter and Helen B.Peter and Helens C.Peters and Helen D.Peters and Helens friend25.There is on television this evening.A.a Beethoven (贝多芬)piano