动名词和分词教师.doc

始于1989 五星级名校冲刺第一品牌个性化学科优化学案学员姓名科目英语年级高三教师何老师课 题动名词和分词教学组长签字授课时间月 日备课时间月 日签字确认老师： 学生：作业布置学员课堂表现学 习目 标1. 动名词及分词的基本用法及高考考点2. 灵活运用，准确判断。重、难、考 点 准确定位适当的形式。教学过程鹰击长空基础不丢第一节：完成句子 阅读下列各小题，根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。1At Beijing Olympic Opening Chinese families sat in front of TV and watched the ceremony, （感到非常自豪）.(feel)2With much （作业要完成）, Tony cant go outing with his friends at the weekend.(finish)3An Earthquake destroyed his house, （在里面他住了）for twenty years.(live)4Over the past sixty year, about 100 Chinese people （登上了）Mount Qomolangma successfully.(climb)5The loss of water and soil is （最严重）in this area.(serious)6Its raining so hard now. I （应该带）an umbrella with me when I left home this morning.(bring)7When Helen met Tom on the way, she acted （似乎没看见他）.(see)8There is but one way of solving the problem-namely, （建起更多的）Hope schools.(set)9By no means （她会同意）to move to a new city since she adapts so well to the life here.(agree)10Mr. Smith has such a strange way of teaching （没人能适应）it at the beginning of his class.(use) 1feeling very proud2homework to be finished/to finish3in which/ where he had lived4have climbed5(the) most serious6should have brought7as if she hadnt seen him8to set up more9will she agree10that no one can get used to可以攻玉经典例题教学过程鹰击长空基础不丢非谓语动词I want to swim today.(不定式)Its no good waiting here(动名词)The sleeping boy is my son.(现在分词)The glass is broken（过去分词）I 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.表一：不定式主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式To doTo be done动作发生在谓语动作之后进行式To be doing与谓语动作同时发生完成式To have doneTo have been done动作发生在谓语动作之前完成进行式To have been doing动作发生在谓语动作之前表二：动名词/现在分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doneHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前动名词（动名词具有动词和名词的特征，已被名词化了。在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语）一、 动名词的作用1、 作主语谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语，常用于如下结构：Its no good/use /fun doing如：Seeing is believing.Playing with fire is dangerous.Its no good waiting here.2、 作宾语I enjoy listening to music.He often practices playing the piano in the evening.He is fond of playing basketball.He has given up smoking.Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?(1) 只能接动名词作宾语的动词：Admit承认，advise建议，risk冒险，appreciate感激，envy嫉妒，avoid避免，consider考虑，delay延迟，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，finish完成，forgive原谅，understand理解，give up放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未达到，practise训练，put off推迟，resist抵抗，suggest建议、暗示cant help 禁不住，cant stand无法忍受，devote to(to为介词)致力于，look forward to 期望、盼望，stick to坚持，be used to习惯于，object to反对，be busy忙于，fee like想要be surprised at 对感到惊讶 be proud of 以为骄傲 succeed in 在某方面成功 be afraid of害怕 give up 放弃(2) 只能接不定式作宾语的动词：happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定，determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 (3) 接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，cant bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止(4) 下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等Stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做Forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过Remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过Regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过Try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做Go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）Mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做活学活用：In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waitingl Need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，deserve （值得），be worth（值得）也有类似用法。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。l The watch needs repairing.(=The watch needs to be repaired.)这块表该修了。The flowers need watering/to be watered.The problem is worth discussing.3、 作表语此时的动名词可以和主语调换位置。如：My hobby is collecting stamps.Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the child.4、 作定语动名词作定语，一般表示用途。如：a waiting room，a diving board，a reading room，a dining hallthere are a lot of swimming pools in the city.注：（1）现在分词作定语表动作，它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，可改写成一个定语从句。如果为单词，放在被修饰n之前，为短语，放在被修饰n之后。如：a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping a developing country =a country which is developing （2）动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质，可改写成一个for的短语，两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如：a washing machine = a mashine for washing a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 二、 动名词的时态和语态动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式Having done，否则都用一般式Doing。如：We are interested in playing chess.By reviewing the old,you can learn something new.He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.Im sorry for not having kept my promise. Mary regrets having been idle when young.若主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象，动名词用被动语态。如：We must do something to prevent water from being polluted.I remember having been told a story.He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.动名词/现在分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doneHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前分词（分词分为现在分词和过去分词，已被形容词或副词化了。）（在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。）现在分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动,进行意义，过去分词表示被动，完成意义；如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶一、 分词的作用1、 作定语（相当于一个定语从句）（1） 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.=The boy who is sleeping is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.=The people (who were excited ) rushed into the building.A lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.（2） 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There are two rooms leftThere is nothing interesting.（3） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people (who had been )invited to the party were famous scientists活学活用：The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A have written B to be written C being written D writtenWhats the language _ in Germany?A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speakPrices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A are bought B bought C been bought D buying.2、 作状语现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。通常可转换成相应的状语从句。Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.=As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.(原因)Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.=If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.（时间）Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).Though defeated, he didnt lose heart.(让步)He lay on the grass, looking into the sky.(伴随)He came running to tell me the good news.(方式)活学活用：_ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A Followed B Followed by C Being followed D Having been followed There was a terrible noise_ the sudden burst of light. A followed B following C to be followed D being followed _ , liquids can be changed into gases. A Heating B To be heated C Heated D Heat 注意：（1） 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。（2） 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。When_, the museum will be open to the public next year.A completed B completing C being completed D to be completed_ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A Having suffered B Suffering C To suffer D Suffered独立主格结构 独立主格结构在句中主要用来作状语，可以表示原因、方式、时间、伴随等，with+复合宾语结构除了可以作状语外，还可以用来作定语。以下分五种情况分别介绍：1. 名词/代词+动词不定式 Nobody to come the day after tomorrow,they will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果后天没有人来，他们就把会议推迟到下周。（将来时间，表示计划）2. 名词/代词+现在分词 It being a fine day,we decided to go swimming. 因为天气不错，我们决定去游泳。（表示原因） 3. 名词/代词+过去分词 The prisoner stood there,his hands raised. 那个囚犯站在那儿，双手高举。（表示伴随状况）4. 名词/代词+非动词（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语） I heard that she got injured in the accident,my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这场事故中受伤了，心中充满担忧。（形容词，伴随状语）3、 作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remained standing beside the table.Im very_ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.Mm, it does have a _ smell.A pleasant; pleased B pleased; pleased C pleasant; pleasant D pleased; pleasant4、 作宾语补足语分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.I cant make myself understood in English.I found my car missing.Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out 5、 作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从判断all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。二、分词的时态动名词/现在分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doneHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前1、 与主语动词同时，要用doing。如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。活学活用：The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A to prepare B preparing C prepared D was preparing 先于主语动词 ，要用having done。如： Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk. After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.做完作业，他出去散步。 Not having made adequate preparations,we postponed the sports meet. 后学活用： _ a reply, he decided to write again. A Not receiving B Receiving not C Not having received D Having not received3、 分词的语态 一般式：由“being+过去分词”构成，表示某一被动动作正在进行，实际上是由现在进行时被动语态的定语从句变来的。 You will find the matter being talked about all over the town. 完成式：“Having been done”构成，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，且表被动 Experiment having been done, the students left the laboratory. 做完这个实验后，学生们就离开了实验室。 The business having been promised must be done. 答应别人的事一定要做到。 John has been aware of having done something wrong. 约翰已意识到自己做错了事情。 1、 通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：He is the man giving you/who gave you the book他就是给你书的那个人She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。2、 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如：a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴可以攻玉经典例题【2012江西卷】33Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.AspeakingBhaving spokenCto speakDto have spoken33答案：C考点： 非谓语动词。解析：不定式表目的，又因D选项时态错误，故选C。【2012江西卷】35John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.AofferedBofferingCto offerDto be offered35答案：B考点：非谓语动词解析：offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选B。【2012重庆卷】31. Before you quit your job, _how your family would feel about your decision.A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered31.【考点】祈使句用法【答案】A【解析】结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句。由此可知，A选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为A选项。【难度】一般【2012重庆卷】28. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our company.A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made28.【考点】非谓语动词【答案】 A 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空白处为后置定语，与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系，而且是将要发生的动作。由此可知，表示被动和将来的A选项符合题意。B表示被动进行，C表示被动完成，D表示被动完成，但是不作定语。因此，正确答案为A选项。【难度】困难技巧点拨：考查非谓语动词。分析题干的句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，publish与book之间存在被动关系，next month是表示将来的时间状语，因此，空格处表示被动将来，故正确答案为B选项。A表示被动完成；C表示主动将来；D表示被动进行，均不合语境。【2012重庆卷】23._to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked23.【考点】非谓语动词用法【答案】A【解析】逗号前为原因状语，空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动关系的B和C选项，D选项常作目的和结果状语，不作原因状语，也可排除，而A选项为现在分词完成式的被动形式，可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。因此，正确答案为A选项。【难度】一般【2012辽宁卷】29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate29、【考点】非谓语动词 【答案】D【解析】在句型“主语+be+adj+to do”中，如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，故用主动表被动，所以选D。【难度】较难再次提高反思【2012四川卷】8. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound8.【答案与解析】 C 本题考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。【2012四川卷】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash高666考%12.【答案与解析】 A 本题考查非谓语动词。考查过去分词作宾语补足语。此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。故答案选A。句意为：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。【2012陕西卷】15._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. StandA92012陕西卷【答案与解析】A 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词短语后有逗号，说明非谓语动词做题干的状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语we，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，且其动作与谓语动词wait的动作同时进行，用动词v-ing的一般式，选A。【2012陕西卷】22.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meetA92012陕西卷【答案与解析】D 考查非谓语动词。所填词与前文构成固定句型have no choice but to do sth，故选D。23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting23. D。并列结构，making与correcting并列。【2012北京卷】27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use27. C。非谓语动词考点。tin和use是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。【2012全国II】15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched【答案】A【解析】此处happy to watch anything that happened to be on作sat的目的状语。句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，高兴地看要上演的任何节目。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词的用法。突飞猛进考试连线11. 【2012天津卷】He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched.【C】 A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left【2012全国新课程】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to【答案】D【解析】此处是被省略的时间状语从句，其相当于：when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting. 这里film和compare之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。又因为主语一致，所以film被省略。句意：电影的历史短的多，尤其是当它和像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词的用法。【2012全国新课程】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit【答案】A【解析】此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。【考点定位】考查现在分词的独立主格结构。【2012山东卷】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide35.【答案】B【解析】此处动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope