四六级写作小册.doc

序言很多同学希望自己的作文能在千篇一律的四六级作文中脱颖而出。然而，这种功夫并非一蹴而就，它需要长期积累精彩的词组句型并为我所用。如果掌握了合理得当的写作方法，在四六级写作中获得高分并非遥不可及的梦想。经过本册编辑人员的材料收集和整理撰写，这本四级写作小册终于诞生了。虽然选材都出自历年四级考试的写作真题，但同样适用于六级写作甚至其他的英语写作。编者们从实用精炼的角度出发，尽可能地让本册适应同学们的需求。本册并不致力于晦涩难懂的写作技巧，而是重点分析优秀的英文词组句型。四六级写作注重的就是学生对于词组句型的掌握应用。只要熟读本小册，就能掌握很多好词好句。本册收入04年到09年的四级写作真题，共12篇范文供同学们参考背诵。编排的顺序从最近的四级写作开始，其中最后三篇写作真题题材相对较特殊。编者们根据教学经验和学习心得，提取出每篇范文中出色的词组句型，并结合历年的写作真题给出例句，每个例句后都标注了四级写作题目，示范如何在其他四六级写作真题中使用这些词组句型。我们还为同学们归纳总结了写作的万能公式，也可称之为模板，基本适用于任何四六级的写作。为了适应同学们的不同需求，本册前六篇范文罗列的词组句型较详尽，后六篇范文罗列的词组句型较简练。其中，四篇范文后有学生的写作练习三篇，分为好中差三个等级，供同学们阅读明鉴。天下之事，必做于细。文章亦然。写作是一个积累研磨的过程，但这不代表写作水平无法提高。我们深信只要掌握了正确的方法和要领，持之以恒地背诵和练习，灵活机动地对词组句型运筹帷幄，就可以轻而易举地突破四六级写作。本书编委 2010年10月562009年12月四级写作题目Create a Green Campus1. 建设绿色校园十分重要。2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色环境3. 为了建设绿色校园我们应该范文：Create a Green CampusIt is of great importance to 1 make and maintain a green campus in our university or college. Obviously, a growing number of 2 people are beginning to realize that it is our duty to create a green campus in the present days, since the concept of “a green world” has become the focus of the society.The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. To begin with 3, the development of the campus is to be sustainable and recyclable 4. Some of the authorities budget should be on how to reduce the waste. Whats more 3, wed better be aware of 5 the seriousness of pollution around us. Thus the idea of environmental protection may become a common phenomenon in our daily life. It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to 6 protect our campus from waste and pollution; hence these activities will play an increasingly important role in our daily life. For one thing, education to build up thrift habits must be promoted 7 by relevant departments and professionals at various levels. For another, we should enhance the awareness 8 of college students that creating a green campus is of utmost significance to both our society and ourselves. Certainly, there is little doubt that 9 further consideration must be paid to 10 our green campuses. 词组句型：1. It is of great importance/ significance to 具有重大意义It is of great importance to limit students overuse of computer. 限制学生过度使用电脑具有极大重要性。(CET-4 2002/06 “Student Use of Computer”)Therefore, it is of great significance to limit the use of disposable plastic bags. 因此，限制一次性塑料袋的使用具有重大意义。(CET-4 2008/12 “Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags”)2. a growing number of 越来越多的人A growing number of recreational activities are available for people to release their strain and stress, ranging from sports to online activities. 从体育运动到上网，有越来越多的娱乐活动可供人们缓解压力。(CET-4 2008/06 “Recreational Activity”)A growing number of people claim that that the CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be canceled. 越来越多的人认为中央台的春晚应该取消。(CET-4 2006/12“On the Spring Festival Gala”) 3. to begin with, whats more 首先；其次To begin with, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. Whats more, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them. 首先，网络的快速发展增加了我们使用电脑的需求；其次，电脑的价格越来越低，这使越来越多的学生买得起电脑。(CET-4 2002/06 “Student Use of Computer”)4. sustainable 可持续的；recyclable可循环的 (相关话题的有用词汇)5. be aware of 知道，了解 A growing number of people come to be aware of the benefit of participating in recreational activities. 越来越多的人开始意识到参加娱乐活动的好处。(CET-4 2008/06 “Recreational Activity”)Now, a lot of people come to be aware of the importance of healthy and proper use of computers. 现在很多人开始意识到健康合理使用电脑的重要性。(CET-4 2002/06 “Student Use of Computer”)6. It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to deal with 采取行动处理是很必要的。It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to deal with overuse of plastic bags. 采取有效行动处理过度使用塑料袋这一问题是很必要的。(CET-4 2008/12 “Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags”)Accordingly, it is necessary for us to take effective steps.In view of the severity of this issue, effective measures have been taken in our country. 7. promote 宣扬The awareness of healthy and effective use of computer must be promoted among students. 必须要在学生中大力宣扬健康有效使用电脑的意识。(CET-4 2002/06 “Student Use of Computer”)Opening universities to tourists will help promote campus culture. 向游客开放大学有助于宣扬大学文化。(CET-4 2005/12 “Should the University Campus be Open to Tourism? ”) 8. enhance the awareness of 增强的意识(常用于号召性的结束语中)We must enhance the awareness of environmental protection. 我们必须要增强环境保护意识。(CET-4 2009/12 “Create a Green Campus”)9.There is little/no doubt that/ undoubtedly 毫无疑问There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to the feasibility of oral English test. 毫无疑问，口语考试的可行性还需要进一步思考。(CET-4 2000/06 “Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?”)There is little doubt that free choosing of lecturers is very beneficial to both lecturers and students. 毫无疑问，自由选择教师对师生双方都是有利的。(CET-4 2007/12 “Elective Courses to Choose”)10. Further consideration must be paid to 必须要进一步思考（常用于号召性的结语中）Further consideration must be paid to the proper management of the museum offering free admission. 必须要进一步思考免费开放的博物馆的合理管理问题。(CET-4 2009/06 “Free Admission to Museums”)Further consideration must be paid to the effective and efficient use of computers. 要进一步考虑如何有效并高效地使用电脑。(CET-4 2002/06 “Student Use of Computer”)学生作文评析:Create a Green Campus （好）Recently, the topic of a green campus has been widely debated and it has aroused public attention. Undoubtedly, a green campus has a profound impact on college students and our society.“Green campus” is, to some extent, a relatively new concept to us. It not only means creating a green environment on campus, but also refers to mentally green campus, that is, students should be well-educated and have a healthy and positive attitude towards life.In view of the seriousness of the situation, it is imperative for us to take effective measures to create a green campus. In the first place, it is essential that law and regulations be worked out and enforced by the government and authorities to protect the environment. Furthermore, it is time that we should enhance students awareness of environmental protection. Only in this way can we get satisfactory results. Certainly, there is no doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campuses. 评析：本次作文还是延续四级一贯风格，偏重校园生活。当然也结合了时下流行的话题，绿色环保。上面这篇文章尽管有些不妥之处，但符合四级考试作文的核心：无论题目怎么变，都是以考察学生的语言为核心，思维和知识其次。所以在切入主题、符合逻辑的前提下，只需关注语言的应用，表达正确才是四级语言表达合格的核心。本文灵活套用固定的套路，中心句逻辑词的方式，做到不变应万变。对于此种作文，结构上还是那种既经典又保守的三段式；第一段切入主题，用“the topic of a green campus has been widely debated” 等这样万能的表达方式，第二段，根据提纲阐明绿色校园的意义，从“physically green” 和“mentally green” 两个方面来阐述，“mentally green” 又用“that is”进行进一步解释说明。第三段提出解决问题的方法。用万能的句子“In view of the seriousness of the situation, it is imperative for us to take effective measures to create a green campus”作为核心句，然后列举两种方式。最后写上较为客观的语句 “there is no doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campuses”. Create a Green Campus （中） It is of great significance to create a green campus nowadays, which becomes a focus of the pubic and the society.In order to create a green campus, we have to make its concept clear. To some extent, it means “green environment”, however, in recent period, it refers to healthy psychology which students should possess. Most students have not realized how important it is. The new generation always pays much attention to enjoying their life and do not care about other people feeling. They are not willing to develop their study skills and just concentrate on something which can kill time. Effective measures should be taken in our school immediately. We should correct our wrong concept and visit the psychological doctor in time. Finally, I hope everyone could give up something useless to find the treasure of their own life.评析：这篇文章整体较好，结构清晰，符合逻辑，语言较为准确。另外，写作题目里给出的提纲一般可以作为每个段落的主题句，在这篇应试作文中，第一段对于绿色校园重要性的阐释不够清晰，而第二段着重阐释心理健康对绿色校园的重要性，但因为缺少核心句的引领，使这个段落出现轻微偏题现象。Create a Green Campus （差）Walk around 1 our Zhejiang Ocean University, we will feel that it is beautiful. Our eyes will be surely colored with all kinds of green. The road is cleaned every morning. Then, can we draw a conclusion that its a green campus? I doubt it 2.A green campusmeansnot only a beautiful environment, but also the mental health. We should pay attention to our behavior, respect our teachers and be friendly to our schoolmates. College is a place for study. 3 As students, we should try our best. 4Activities, like sports meeting provide great opportunities to show ourselves. 5 Its also a good way for different students to communicate with each other. I hope our college will become a true green university.评析：1. 应改为Walking around， 现在分词做伴随状语。2. 指代不明。3. 逻辑不合理。4. 句意不完整，应改为 “try our best to create a green campus”。5. 缺少中心句。这篇应试作文存在以下问题：1. 没有开门见山阐明主题。中文写作的含蓄委婉的表达主题的方式在英语议论文写作中并不适用。2. 存在严重的语法错误。3. 第三段缺少主题句。4.重复累赘的句子较多。5. 缺少语言亮点。在此笔者就如何在日常英语学习中提高写作实力给广大考生五项建议：1、英语基本技能的长期训练和语言知识的积累。2、熟悉英语实用文体。3、记忆各种文体的有代表性的句型结构。4、广泛涉猎各种题材内容。5、各种写作方法的交互使用和整合运用等。同时在考场上运用到一些典型句型；每个段落都得有一个明确的核心句（即主题句）；整个篇章要有一定的逻辑；不要在文章中犯“低级”错误，即简单的语法错误。只有做到以上几点，文章的分数才可以稳定在优秀等级。2009年6月四级写作题目Free Admission to Museums1. 越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么？2. 有人认为这样做会带来一些问题。3. 我的看法范文：Free Admission to MuseumsWith the development of modern civilization 1, an increasing number of museums are open to the public for free. The reason for it lies in the fact that 2 the government has been attaching great importance to3 providing more opportunities for citizens to explore and get access to4 the knowledge world. However, the open attitude of museums may also bring some problems as well. For one thing 5, with more visitors, there is a possibility that 6 displays of the museums can get damaged more easily. For another 5, it becomes a huge economic burden for museums to run as usual without any profits from the visitors.As far as I am concerned 7, I am absolutely in favor of 8 this practice. First and foremost 9, not worrying about the admission fees, ordinary people are allowed to enter the museums to enjoy the displays freely. Moreover 9, kids and teenagers can learn about knowledge in various domains in a more vivid and interactive way in the museums out of the classroom.词组句型：1. with the development of 随着的发展With the development of the tourism, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. 随着旅游业的发展，很多名校成为旅游景点。(CET-4 2006/12 “Should the University Campus Open to Tourists?”)With the development of the society, there are various recreational activities apart from studying or working, ranging from Karaoke or dancing to computer games or sports games in peoples daily life. 随着社会的发展，在人们的日常生活中出现了学习工作之外的卡拉OK，跳舞，电脑游戏以及体育运动等多种休闲娱乐活动。(CET-4 2008/06 “Recreational Activity”) 2. The reason for it lies in the fact that 原因在于 The reason for it lies in the fact that computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. 原因在于电脑使我们生活的很多方面更加便利。(CET-4 2002/06 “Student Use of Computer”)The reason for it chiefly lies in the fact that students are convinced that teachers should not only be knowledgeable but also responsible enough to be qualified. 首要原因是学生相信一名合格的老师不仅仅是要有知识，还要有责任心。(CET-4 2006/06 “On Students Selecting Lectures”) 3. attach great importance to 认为很重要 The relevant departments now are attaching great importance to the environment protection. 相关的部门现在非常重视环境保护。(CET-4 2009/12 “Create a Green Campus”)4. get access to 走进，接近，能够利用/接触某物We can easily get access to rich academic resources through the Internet. 我们通过网络很容易接触到丰富的学术资源。(CET-4 2002/06 “Student Use of Computer”)Getting access to a place they dream about can be a big thrill and encouragement to them. 能够参观他们梦想的地方对他们来说是鼓舞人心的。(CET-4 2005/12 “Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourism? ”) 5. for one thing , for another, 首先 ；另外For one thing, recreational activities can help us not only build our body and mind; for another, it can also improve our communication and understanding with friends because most of these activities are done with others. 首先，娱乐活动能够锻炼身体，增强意志力；另外，由于娱乐活动一般都是与他人一起合作完成，它也能提高人的交际能力，增加对朋友的理解。(CET-4 2008/06 “Recreational Activity”)6. There is a possibility/chance that 有可能There is a possibility that the public tourism will have bad effects on the universities because it will influence not only the environment but also the study atmosphere. 旅游业可能会给大学带来不好的影响，因为它不但会影响环境，还会影响学习气氛。(CET-4 2005/12 “Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourism? ”) There is a possibility that too much recreational activities may distract us from working and studying. 太多的娱乐活动有可能会让我们工作学习分心。(CET-4 2008/06 “Recreational Activity”)7. as far as I am concerned, 我认为（提出个人观点）As far as Im concerned, recreational activities should be done within a certain limit so that we can keep a proper balance between recreation and studying or working life. 我个人认为娱乐活动应该有一定限制，我们应该在娱乐和工作学习中寻求平衡。(CET-4 2008/06 “Recreational Activity”)As far as Im concerned, the priority job of students is to obtain more necessary skills rather than degrees. 我认为学生首要的任务是掌握技能而非获取文凭。(CET-4 2007/12 “What Electives to Choose”)类似的表达观点的写作方式(模板)有：When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that. But I think/viewdifferently. When it comes to., some people believe that. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true. I tend to support the former/latter .As far as Im concerned, Im inclined to As for me, I hold the belief thatI personally insist/contend/maintain thatAs to me, my favor goes to the former opinion.I am of / adhere to / stick to the opinion / view / truth that8. in favor of 赞成(也是表达个人观点的一种方式)Im in favor of the latter opinion. Im in favor of the former idea. In my opinion, the pros ofoverweighs its cons. I believe that the favorable sides far outweigh its negative effects9. first and foremost, moreover,in addition, 首先， 其次， 再次， 适用于在各类英语作文中陈述原因，使文章有逻辑和层次感。2008年12月四级写作题目Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags1. 一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用；2. 造成的问题；3. 限制使用的意义。范文：Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic BagsNowadays, disposal products often hit the headlines of newspapers 1 and have been brought into focus of the public. 2 Indeed, it is widely accepted 3 that they have gained increasing popularity 4 among people in all walks of life. When you walk on the street, you can see plastic bags flying over your head; when you stroll in the park with your lover, you can notice plastic bags thrown everywhere.Admittedly 5, they might benefit us in a short term. Unfortunately 5, they will do us harm in more than one way. The major harm is (that) they are sure to pollute the environment. To make matters worse 5, they are likely to do potential harm 6 to public health. We can safely reach the conclusion that 7 the prevalence of disposable products is bound to cause a chain of undesirable effects. In view of the present situation, it is high time that 8 the government should try every means to protect the environment. Only in this way can we have a bright future.词组句型：1. hit the headlines of newspapers 成为新闻热点。Nowadays, students use of computers often hit the headlines of newspapers, and ignites heated discussion. 现在学生使用电脑这一话题常常成为新闻热点，并引起热烈讨论。(CET-4 2002/06 “Student Use of Computers”) Currently, the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Gala hit the headline. 近来，举办春晚的必要性讨论成为新闻热点。(CET-4 2006/12 “On the Spring Festival Gala”) 这种句型往往放在首段，引出一个话题。类似的表达方式(模板)还有：Recently, the rise in problem/phenomenon of students use of computers has caused/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. Now it is time to have a (fresh/serious) look at the attitude/idea that/whether the use of computers really benefits students. Currently, there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to buy environment-friendly goods. Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of limited use of plastic bags. 2. be brought into focus of (the public) 进入公众视线该句型也多用于引出话题，经常出现在开篇首句。Recently, the issue of students selecting lecturers has been brought into focus of the public.近来，关于学生选修课的讨论已经进入公众视线。(CET-4 2006/06 “On Students Selecting Lecturers”)Nowadays, many universities entitle students to choose lecturers freely for some courses, which has been brought into/becomes the focus of the students concern. 现在很多学校给予学生自主选择课程的权利，这也成为了学生关注的焦点。(CET-4 2006/06 “On Students Selecting Lecturers”)3. It is commonly/generally/widely accepted/believed/held/acknowledged that 大家已经普遍接受/相信/认为/承认It is widely accepted that honesty is a virtue, but there are still dishonest people who are selling fake product to their consumers or cheating in the exams. 大家都认同诚实是一种美德，但是还是有一些不诚实的人向消费者贩卖售卖假货或者在考试中作弊。(CET-4 2003/01 “It Pays to be Honest”) It is commonly believed that enrolling in a famous university is a dream for every student. 大家都认为进入一所名牌大学是所有学生梦寐以求的。(CET-4 2005/12 “Should the University Campus be Open to Tourism?”) 4. gain increasing popularity 越来越流行In peoples daily life, various recreational activities are gaining increasing popularity. 在人们的日常生活中，各种各样的娱乐活动变得越来越流行了。(CET-4 2008/06 “Recreational Activity”)Recently, visiting famous universities is gaining increasing popularity among tourists.现在游览名校在游客中越来越流行了。(CET-4 2005/12 “Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourism? ”) 5. unfortunately表示篇章逻辑关系的连词或者副词，以及相关词组如下： admittedly, 诚然 unfortunately, 不幸的是 to make mattersthings worse 更糟糕的是, 表示递进关系 to illustrate this point, I can think of no better example than 要说明/论证这一点, 我想没有比更好的例子了，该词组表示从抽象概括到具体的关系。 to sum up, 表示总结 6. do (potential) harm to 对构成（潜在）威胁Such activities will do potential harm to us if taken inappropr