中学英语短语速查.doc

英语常用短语1以介词或副词为中心的动词短语（l）动词+about speaktalk about 谈论 think about 思考 care about 关心，对有兴趣 bring about 引起，使发生set about 着手，开始come about 发生 hear about 听说 worry about 为担心 （2）动词+at aim at 向瞄准，旨在run at 冲向，向攻击call at 拜访(地点)tear at 用力撕look at 看，注视 work at 干活动（研究）come at 向袭击shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷 stare at 凝视glare at 怒视 glance at 匆匆一瞥laugh at 嘲笑 knock at 敲（门、窗等）point at 指向 smile at 冲（某人）笑strike at 向打击 shoot at 向射击 wonder at 惊讶（3）动词+away blow away 吹走break away 摆脱 carry away 拿走，使入迷clear away 清除掉，消散 die away 逐渐消失 do away with 去掉get away 逃脱，(使)离开give away 背弃，泄漏 go away 离去，出去pass away 去世put away 放好，把收拾起来，存(钱)以备它日之用run away 逃走，离开 send away 让走开smooth away 去除，克服stay away (from) 不在家，外出take away 拿走，带走，夺去，使离去throw away 扔掉浪费坐失(良机)turn away 把打发走 wash away 冲走wear away 磨掉，消耗例句Dont throw away such a good chance. Or youll regret. 不要放弃这么好的机会，不然的话，你会后悔的。Put away the tools before you leave. 离开前把工具收拾好。Why did you stay away from school? 你为什么不去上学? I had hoped to take a good holiday this year but I wasnt able to get away. 我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我离不开。【考例】(2004重庆)Before the war broke out, manypeople _ in safe places possessions they couldnot take with them A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away考查目标此题主要考查“动词+away”四个短语的意思。答案与解析B throw away 扔掉；put way 放好，把收拾起来；give away 分发泄露；carry away 冲走。本句话意思是“在战争爆发以前，许多人把他们不能带走的财产藏在了安全的地方”。（4）动词+back keep back 隐瞒，忍住hold back 控制住give back 归还 call back 回电话take back 拿回，收回 look back(on) 回顾 （5）动词+down cut down 削减，砍倒put down 记下，写下，镇压 take down 记下，记录turn down 调小，拒绝 slow down 慢下来pass down 传下来calm down 平静下来 burn down 烧毁tear down 拆毁，拆除 come down 下落，传下 break down 坏了，垮了，分解 bring down 使降低，使倒下 settle down 安家（6）动词+from die from 因而死hear from 收到来信learn from 向学习differ from 与不同suffer from 受苦 result from 由于 separatefrom 把分离开keepstoppreventfrom 不让做date from=date back to 始于时期，追溯到 （7）动词+forrun for 竞选 ask for 要求得到 beg for 乞求 wait for 等候 look for 寻找 call for 需要，要求hunt for 寻找 long for 渴望care for 关心，喜欢seek for 寻找come for 来拿，来取 apply for 申请 stand for 代表，表示 search for 查找changefor 用换chargefor 收费，要价 takefor 误以为是 hope/wish for 希望得到 （8）动词十inget in 收获，进入 fill in 填写cut in 插入 join in 参加look in 来访，参观hand in 上交drop in 拜访give in 让步take in 接纳，吸收call in 召集，来访bring in 引进，使得到收入break in 强制进入，插话result in 导致succeed in 在获成功persist in 坚持 （9）动词十intorun into 碰到look into 研究，调查，往里面看 burst into 闯入，进发turn into 变成changeinto 把变成divideinto 把分成puttranslateinto 把译成 （l0）动词+ofdie of 死于 rid .of . 使摆脱；使去掉talk of 谈到hear of 听说 think of 想到 dream of 梦到 speak of 谈到 consist of 由组成approve of 赞成complain of 抱怨become of 发生情况，怎么啦 rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 cure sb. of sth. 医好某人的病convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信/明白某事be convinced that/of . (某人)相信动词+off drop off 放下，下车 fall off (从)掉下来 get off (从)下来，动身，起飞，脱下来 give off 发出，放出 jump off 跳离 put off 推迟，延期 set off 出发，引起，启程 see sb off 为某人送行，为送行 switch off 关掉 take off 脱，去掉，起飞，匆匆离开，成名 throw off 匆忙脱掉 turn off 关掉，避开，拐弯例句The electricity supply must be turned off at the mains before you change the lighting circuit. 在改变火线前，主干线的电力供应必须切断。 Mrs Garey as usual went to the door to see him off. Garey夫人像通常一样把他送到门口。He had to put off an appointment with me on account of illness. 因为疾病的缘故，他不得不推迟了与我的约会。Before the body of the car can be properly repaired, all the external fittings must be taken off. 车身适当修理前，所有外部的配件必须拿下来。The fire doesnt seem to be giving off much heat. 这炉火好像不大热。【考例】(2005广东) John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will _ him _ at the airport. A. send.away B. leave.off C. see.off D. show.around考查目标此题主要考查短语see off的用法。答案与解析C see off 意为“给某人送行”；send away意为“派遣”；leave off意为“停止，不再穿”；show around意为“带领某人参观”。（l1）动词+outgo out 熄灭set out 出发，着手try out 试用，试验put out 扑灭run out 用完let out 泄漏，发出(声音)pick out 选出hold out 坚持下去wear out 穿破，使疲劳make out 理解，看清楚keep out(of) 使不进入，挡住find out 查出，弄明白work out 算出，想出办法等send out 发出，派遣give out 散发，分发，用完look out 当心，提防hand out 散发，分发help out 救助turn out 结果是，生产come out 出版，出来cross out 划掉burst out 进发carry out 执行break out 爆发point out 指出figure out 算出bring out 阐明，使表现出leave out 省略，删掉speak out 大胆讲出“v.up”短语副词up与某些动词连用，表示“完全彻底”或“动作难度等的增加”。up和动词组成的短语有： add up加起来; blow up吹起来; break up打碎;bring up 抚养;build up 逐渐增加；建立；开发come up 上升；发芽fasten up 固定好;give up 放弃pick up 拾起；学会；开车接lock up 锁好;look up 查找；make up “弥补；编造”；put up “张贴；搭起”；save up 储存;set up 成立show up= turn up 出现speak up 大声说;speed up 加速;take up 从事；占据tidy up 收拾干净;tie up 绑好；turn up 调高(音量)；出现1写出下列句中build up的含义 These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time. 随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。You must build yourself up after your illness. 患病之后，你必须增强体质。We had better exercise every day to build up our body. 我们最好天天锻炼，增进健康。Their words built up my confidence after the interview.增强They built up this business after ten years struggle.建立It is reported that a big oil well has been built up in the South Sea.开发（l2）动词+overgo over 审阅，检查，研究get over 克服run over 压死，看一遍take over 接管，接替turn over 翻倒，细想fall over 跌倒，摔倒roll over 翻滚look over 翻阅，检查think over 仔细考虑watch over 看守，照看（l3）动词十toadd to 增添 get to 到达see to 处理，料理 turn to 向求助，查阅come to 共计，苏醒lead to 导致，通向reply to 答复 refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅bring to 使苏醒agree to 同意 object to 反对point to 指向write to 写信给relate to 理解，同情，涉及，（与）有关attend to 处理belong to 属于supplyto 为提供devoteto 贡献给stickholdkeep to 坚持，忠于compareto 与相比，把比作（l4）三词以上的短语动词do well in 在干得好make up for 弥补look down on / upon 轻视break away from 摆脱keep away from 避开，别靠近 do away with 废除put up with 忍受catch up with = keep up with 赶上fill up with 用装满go on with 继续get on/ along (well) with 和(友好)相处look forward to 盼望look up to 仰望，尊敬add up to 总计live up to 依据行事；做到；不辜负（期望）get close to 接近get down to 认真开始set fire to 放火烧pay attention to 注意pay a visit to 访问take / get / catch hold of 握住run out of 用完get out of 逃避，避免take notice of 注意take a photo of 拍照片take the place of 取代set an example to 为树立榜样2、其他常用短语（按字母表顺序）（1）Aaa balance diet 均衡饮食a healthy diet 健康的饮食= a diet of healthy food(s) a best-seller 畅销书a big headache令人头痛的事情a bit = a little = a little bit 少许，一点儿，有点儿，稍微a bit of 一点，少量（修饰不可数名词） 比较：a few 一些，少量（修饰可数名词）a great / good many = scores of 许多，大量（修饰可数名词）a handful of 一把，少量的，少数（修饰可数或不可数名词）a large quantity of = large quantities of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）a lot of = lots of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）a mass of = masses of 大量，许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）a (large / great) number of = large / huge numbers of 大量的，许多（修饰可数名词）plenty of 大量的，很多，足够的（修饰可数或不可数名词）比较：the number of 的数目 a great/good deal of 许多（修饰不可数名词） a large / great amount of = large amounts of 许多（修饰不可数名词）a host of/hosts of 大量，许多a block of 一块 a bottle of 一瓶a bunch of flowers 一束花a cloud of 一团a couple of 一对/双，两三个，一些，几个a couple of days / weeks 两三天/周a cup of 一杯a group of 一群，一组a day or two = one or two days 一两天a deserted island 荒岛a fraction of 一部分a highly-developed country 高度发达的国家a kind of 一种，一类 a laid-off worker 下岗工人a large sum of money 一大笔钱a length of 长a list of 一张的清单a live concert 现场直播的音乐会a matter of habits 一种习惯（的问题）a matter of concern 焦点a man of name 知名人士 a natural disaster 自然灾害a packet of 一盒，一捆，一包a pair of 一双，一副a piece of 一件，一块，一张a pile of 一堆比较：piles of 一堆堆 a place of interest 名胜a row of 一排，一行 a series of 一系列的，一连串，一套a series of different attempts 一系列不同的尝试a set of 一套，一副a shortage of teachers 教师资源的缺乏 a sort of 一种 a type of 一种类型的a third of = one third of 三分之一 a total failure 一个彻底的失败者a total of 总数（量）为a two-day trip 一次两天的旅行a variety of = varieties of = various 种种的，种类繁多的a waste of (time) 白费(时间)，浪费(时间)a world of magic and wonders 充满魔力和神奇的世界a year and a half 一年半absent from 不在,缺席above all 首先；首要 abundant in 富于accept as 认为是，承认是，把当作比较：regard as 认为是 treat as 把 当作 recognize as 认为是 view/see/know as 认为是 consider as /consider (to be) 认为是 look on as 视为 refer to as 把视为think of as / think (to be) 认为是accept sbs apology 接受某人的道歉 according to 根据.account for 说明原因解释account for 解释accuse sb. of sth.控告，控告某人accuse sb of sth / doing sth 指控某人为/ 做某事achieve ones goal 达到目的achieve success 获得成功act短语：(高考高频动词短语)act as/ work as 担任，充当; 担任职务，起作用act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事）act on 照行事act out 表演（对话、故事等）act up 捣乱，出毛病例如：I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen.Mr Black is acting for the old man in his case. 布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus.Hes a tough kid and he acts up a lot.adapt to （改变以）适应adapt oneself to 使自己适应于 adapt to the new environment 适应新环境add to 增加，添加 add to 把加到上add up 加起来 add up to 总计达到, 加起来是adjust to （调整以）适应adjust to these extreme conditions 适应极限条件admire sb as 钦佩某人是admire sb for 钦佩某人的，因钦佩某人admit doing sth 承认做过某事 advance the deadline 提前最后期限advance towards 朝前进advantage “优点，优势，利益”have the advantage of sb胜过某人have an advantage over 比占有某种优势take advantage of 利用to sbs advantage 有利于某人advise doing sth 建议做某事advise sb. against doing sth 建议（劝）某人不要做某事advise sb not to do sth 建议（劝）某人不要做某事advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 advertise for 登征求的广告afford to do 有经济条件做某事，负担得起 after all 毕竟，终究 after a short while 不久以后，没多久after a time 一段时间以后after class / work / school 下课/下班/放学之后after graduation 毕业以后 again and again 反复地；再三地agree on 商定；决定；对达成共识 agree to do sth 同意做某事agree to sth 同意(计划或建议) agree with sb/what sb does 同意某人的意见agree with sb/ sbs opinion / sbs idea 同意某人（意见，看法），与某人看法一致 比较：agree on sth 对达成共识agree to (the plan) 同意（计划等）ahead of 在.之前ahead of time / schedule提前an invitation to 一张的请柬/请贴an expert on 方面的专家aim at 向瞄准，旨在，针对，目标是argue with sb. about / over sth. 与某人争论某事all短语all alone = all by oneself 独自，独立all along 一直，始终all at once = all of a sudden 突然，忽然all but 几乎;除了.都all day = all day long 全天，终日all day and all night 整日整夜all in all 总共，总的来说all kinds / sorts of 各种各样的all night (long) 整夜，通宵all of a sudden 突然，冷不防 all ones life 终身，一生all over 到处，遍及，结束all over again 再一次,重新all over the world / country = throughout the world/ country 整个世界/全国 all right 好吧，行了，（病）好了all round 周围，遍及四周all the best 祝一切顺利，万事如意 all the same 一样，同样的all the time 一直,始终 all the way 一路上，一直all together 一起，总共all through 自始至终all (the) year round = all through the year= throughout the year 一年四季，一年到头all短语after all “毕竟，究竟，别忘了”above all “最重要的是，尤其是”first of all “首先”at all 根本，丝毫by all means = in all ways 不惜一切in all = in total = altogether 总共，总之not at all = not a bit 一点也不，绝非alien to与.相反allow for 顾及，考虑到，为做准备allow into 允许进入 allow doing 允许做某事allow sb to do 允许某人做某事 and so on 等等answer forbe responsible for 对负责apologize to sb (for sth) = make an apology to sb (for sth) （因某事）向某人道歉appeal to 有吸引力，呼吁，上诉，申诉，请求appeal to their emotions 投合他们的喜好applicable to适用于apply for 申请，请求apply to 应用，适用appoint sb as 任命某人当appropriate for/to 适当,合适approve of 赞成approximate to 近似,接近apt to 易于argue about 争论某事argue with sb about sth 因某事和某人争执/争论arrive in / at 到达某地around the clock 夜以继日as短语as a consequence / result 结果，因此as a consequence / result of 作为（的）结果，由于的结果as a matter of fact 事实上；其实 as a result(of) 因此,由于，结果as a rule 通常,照例as a whole 普遍来说，作为整体as as 像，如同as as possible = asas one can 尽可能地as far as （ 表示程度，范围）就/尽（=so far as）， 远至, 一直到 （程度） as far as .be concerned 就.而言as far as I know 就我所知，据我所知as follows 如下（用以列举事项）as for 至于,关于as good as 和.几乎一样as if = as though 好像，似乎，仿佛（比较：even if = even though 虽然，即使，尽管）as long as 只要（= so long as引导条件状语从句），长达 as much / many as 多达as regards 关于,至于as soon as 一就as soon as possible 尽快，尽可能早地as to / for 至于，关于，就而言as usual 像往常一样,照例as well 也/还有(= too)， 同样地，例外as well as = together with = and除.外(也),即.又，也，以及，和，还，而且as with . 也一样，就像, 正如一样ask after sb 问候某人 ask for 要求得到 ask for a day off 请一天假ask for a leave 请假ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事at短语at表示一种状态或者是动作，意为“处于状态，从事”。如：at war正在交战，at work 在工作，at school 在上学 ，at rest 在休息 at a high price 以高价. at a time 每次；一次at all 根本（否定句），全然，究竟，到底（疑问句），竟然（条件从句）丝毫(不),一点也不at a loss 不知所措，茫然，不知（如何是好），亏本地at all costs 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样,无论如何at all times 随时,总是at an early age 年轻时at an altitude of 在海拔的高度at an end完结，结束；耗尽at any moment / time 随时 比较：at a time 每次；一次at no time 从不,决不at the moment 此刻,目前at times 偶尔，有时at that time 那时at the same time = meanwhile 同时after a moment = after a while / minute 过了一会儿a moment ago = just now 刚才，不久以前a moment later 片刻之后at the moment = at the time 此刻，现在，在那时at the very moment 就在那一刹那for a moment = for a while/ minute 一会儿for the moment = for the time being 暂时，目前in a moment = in a while /minute / second 过一会儿，立刻，马上the moment / minute (that) . 一就 at any rate 无论如何,至少at any risk 不顾一切 比较：at risk 处于危险境地，处于危险中at the risk of (doing sth) 冒着（可能做某事）的危险take/ run a risk / risks 冒险risk ones life (to do sth) 冒着生命危险（做某事）risk doing sth 冒险做某事）at best 充其量,至多at birth 出生时，一生下来就at breakfast 在吃早饭at dusk 在傍晚/ 黄昏 at dawn 在拂晓/ 黎明at first 起先；开端 at first hand 第一手地，直接地at first sight 乍一看,初看起来at hand 在手边，在附近at heart 内心里,本质上at home 在家,在国内(at) home and abroad 在国内外at intervals 不时,每隔.at large 大多数,未被捕获的at last 终于，最后at least 至少at length 最后，终于，详细地at midnight 在半夜at most 至多,不超过at night 在夜里，天黑时at no time 从不,决不at noon 在中午at once = right away = right now马上，立即at one time 以前；曾经at one go 一口气at peace 处于和平状态at present = at the present time 现在, 目前at rest 在休息at sea 在海上，航海中，茫然（比较：by sea 乘船in the sea 在海里 by the sea 在海边 on the sea 在海面上）at school 在上学at someones hands 出自某人之手，因为某人at someones disposal 任.处理at stake 在危险中at such a great height 在如此高的高度at table 在吃饭（比较：at the table 在桌前） at the age of 在.岁时at the art festival 在艺术节上，在艺术节期间at the (very) beginning of . 在开始时，在之初at