被动语态的讲解.doc

被动语态的构成： be + 及物动词的过去分词can/may/must+ be +过去分词八种时态下的被动语态am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 Visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits.(展品） has /have been done 现在完成时 All the preparations for the task have been completed am/is /are being done 现在进行时 A new cinema is being built here was/were done 一般过去时 I was given ten minutes to decide had been done 过去完成时 By the end of last year, another new gym had been completed in Beijing. was/were being done 过去进行时 A meeting was being held when I was there shall/will be done 一般将来时 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. should/would be done 过去将来时 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.被动语态的特殊结构形式1）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。 The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter 2）一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题 1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：She often cleans the house. The house is often cleaned by her. 2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.） His mother gave him a present for his birthday He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动. Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香烟）=The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等变为被动结构时，要加to Someone saw a stranger walk into the building=A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 一些特殊结构一、系动词 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如: 1这些花闻起来很香。These flowers smell sweet.2那听起来很有道理。That sounds very reasonable.3那食物尝起来很可口。The food tastes delicious. 二、某些与 cant wont 等连用的不及物动词，如move, lock, shut, open 等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如： 1盒子不能移动。The box cant move.2门不会关。The door wont shut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean,last(耐久), wear(耐穿), 等可用主动形式表达被动意义. 如: 这种食物畅销。This kind of food sells well. 这布料经洗、耐穿。 This cloth washes well and lasts long. 四、在动词 require, need, want 等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 1树需要浇水。The trees need watering.2孩子需要照顾。Children want looking after.五、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如： 1小说值得一读。The novel is worth reading. 六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：1. 不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如： 我有许多事情要做。I have a lot of things to do. 2. 在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，常见句型有：1) n. +be + too + adj. + to do The plane is too high to see.2) n. +be + adj. + enough + to do The book is cheap enough for me to buy.3) n. + be + adj. + to doThe question is not easy to answer.练习1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have toB are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken 8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do it. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching改写句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. ACADC BCB