英语同音词的成因.doc

英语同音词的成因英语的词汇比汉语大得多，而英语中的同音词要比汉语少得多，这是一个值得研究的课题。本文想仅就造成同音词的原因做一下抛砖引玉式的分析，以期引起人们对这一“被遗忘的角落”的关注。一、专有名词与普通单词发音相同 这些专有名词在汉语中有相应的音译词语，已经为国人所熟悉，学起来读易好记，轻松有趣。写在横线前面的系专有名词，后面的为普通单词。 Koreacareer, Gaul（高卢人）gall, Chilechillichilichilly, Greecegrease, Danedeign, Finnishfinish, Bonnbonne, Bernburn, Cannescan, Niceniece, Seoulsoulsole, Romeroam, Balibarley, Waleswhaleswails, Ganagarner, Kashmircashmere, Latinlattin, Hydehidehied, Mainemainmane, Venusvenous, Klanclan, Martinmarten, Oderoder, Seinesanesain, Kantcant二、缩略词与普通名词发音相同Ideyed,Illisleaisle,arentantaunt, hellheelheal, wellwheelwhealweal, wereweir, wedweed, whereswares, hedhe ed, Miss.miss, AIDSaids三、名词的复数形式或动词的单数第三人称与普通单词发音相同 Lockslox, lapslapse, naysneighsnaze, haveshose, ewesuse, browsbrowse, salms四、动词的过去式或过去分词与普通单词发音相同 这些动词的过去式有： Blewblue, flewflu, giltguilt, knewnew, sawsoresoar, threwthrough, worewar, wroterote, roderoad, werewhir. 这些动词的过去分词有：Seenscene, growngroan, donedun, thrownthrone, beenbean, bornbornebourn, soughtsort, caughtcourt, taughttaut, heardherd, wonone, sentcentscent, ledlead, foughtfortforte.五、前缀与普通单词发音相同 Antivs. ante, bivs. bybyebuy, vicevs. vise六、因相邻字母重复与其它单词发音相同 有些是因为词尾的两个字母重复造成的同音词，如 addad, buttbut, beebe, bossbos, canvasscanvas, innin, nillnil, weewe, tooto, frizzfriz, reddred, mandrillmandril 有些是因为单词中间的两个字母重复造成的同音词，如 dessertdesert, cannoncanon, femmefeme 七、“ r ” 音节造成的同音词 重读“ r ” 音节造成的同音词。 Birthberth, curnkernkirn, curbkerb, firnfern, surfserf, surgeserge, marma, sparspa, fartherfather, hartheart, wornwarn, forthfourth, forforefourfaugh .非重读“ r ” 音节造成的同音词。 alteraltar, sellercellar, lumberlumbar, manormanner, razorrazer, minor-miner, priorprier, sensor-censor , fakirfaker, suckersuccor, rumorroomer, hangerhangar, calendarcalender , trooper-trouper, metermeter , steelerstealer, waverwaiver, leaverlever, weeverweaver. 八、因不同的字母组合发音相同而构成的同音词 1当字母组合ea, ee, ie读作 i :时： beatbeet, beachbeech, cheapcheep, lealee, creakcreek, leakleek, leachleech, peapee, pealpeel, seamseem, meatmeetmete, breachbreech, stealsteel, teamteem, fleaflee, weakweek, seasee, sealseelceil, wealdwield, leaflief, leanlien, meanmien 2当字母组合a, ai, ay, ea读作ei: steakstake, gategait, plaitplate, breakbrake, faintfeint 3当母组合ear, eer , ere, ier读作 iE 时： sheershear, steerstere, teartier, deardeer, peerpier, beerbier, hearhere 4当字母组合air, ear, ere读作 E pearpairparepere, teartare, fairfare, maremayor, hairhare, glairglare, flairflare5当字母组合 ou,ow读作 au foulfowl, prawprau, flourflower 6当字母组合al, au, aw, or, oor读作 E ： 时：allawl, ballbowl, hallhawl , mallmaul, flawfloor, chawchore, pawporepour, lawnlorn, laudlord, pawnporn, rawroar, stalkstolk7当字母组合o, oa, ow 读作 ou 时： melomellow, lolow, hollohollow, loanlone, flowfloe, sosowsew, brooch-broach 8当母组合ou, -oo-, -u- 读作 u： 时： stoopstoupstoep, goopgoup, groomgrume 9当字母组合 al 、el 在词尾读作El principleprincipal, dialdiel, bridalbridle, navalnavel, dualduel, mutualmutuel 10当字母组合o, u读作 时： sonsun, somesum, sonnysunny, nonenun 11当词尾的y和ie 发 i 时： talkytalkie, girlygirlie, roomyroomie, 12当 y 和 i 在相对应的位置上时： hyphip, gybegibe, 13当字母组合 ay, ey都发ei 时，如：prayprey 14当字母c 在 i, e, y 前读 s , 或 c 在其他情况下读 k 时： ascentassent, cerealserial, practice-practise 字母c读k 时更多些： picpick, sicsick, blocblock, specspeck, specsspecks, bankbanc, torctalk, yackyak, scagskag, scullskull, cashcashe, castkarst, cartkart, craftkraft, colonelkernel 15. a, ar, er 在词尾发 E音时： cannacanner, quotaquoter, tabulatabular九、因不发音的字母或字母组合造成的同音词1“ a”在词尾不发音：cocoacoco2 b” 在以“mb” 结尾的词中不发音climbclime, lamblam, plumbplum, jambjam,coombcoom,subtle-suttle3“ c” 不发音：schortshort, schorl-shawl4 “ d” 不发音：handsome-hansom5“e” “ a”在词尾不发音：oreoroarawe, grategreat, brakebreak,parolparole,griffgriffe, prosepro, dyeingdying, salesail,palepail,malemail, luteloot, panepain, basebass6 “n” 前的“g”常常为无声字母：reignrein, gnawnor, signsine, feignfainfane, gneissnice7 不发音的“h” 常常在 “w”, “ t”, “c”, “a”, “g”之后whilewile, whenwen, whackwack, whalewalewail,whitwit,whetwet, whizwiz, whealweal-wheel, thymetime,chordcord,choralcoral, minahminerminor, donahdona,ghyllgill8 “k”在“ n”前常常不发音：knotnot, knowno, knitnit, knightnightnite,knapnap,knob-nob, knocknock, knobblenobble, knaynay,knavenave9 无声字母 “l” 多在 “n”, “m”前：halmharm, holmhome, balmbarm,yolkyoke10以字母组合mn结尾的单词“n” 不发音时造成的同音词：damndam, hymnhim, limnlimb11 声字母“p”corpscorecow, psychsike12 无声字母 “r”ironion13 无声字母 “s”isleteyelet, horshoar14 “t” 在“ch” 前或在词尾不发音时造成的同音词：retchreach, letchlech, witchwhich, batchbach,tchickchick,traittray, motmomow15 “w”在 “r” , “h”前不发音：writewcenterritecenter, wringring, wrickrick,wrestrest,wraprap, wrackrack, wreckreckrec, wretchretch,wholehole,whoophoop, whollyholy16 “u” 在“ b”, “g”后不发音buybybye, buoyboy, buyerbyre, guiltgilt,guildgild,guerillagorilla, gueldergelder17 “q” 后面的 “ue 不发音cliquecleek, casquecask, masque mask,coquecock,piquepeakpeekpeke18 字母组合“gh”不发音eightate, mightmite, sightsitecite,soughtsort,straightstrait,boughtbort, slightsleight,throughthrew,boughbow, sleighslay, weighwaywhey, aweighaway,highhihie,weightwait 十、英语单词与外来词同音在快速走向国际化的进程中，英语对其他民族的语言慷慨“拿来”。有些外来词恰好与某个英语词汇发音相同。1.诺曼底人统治英伦长达百年，不少法语单词直接参与了英语的交流。每组词汇中前为法语：francfranck, clouclewclue, grippegrip, partiparty, petitpetty, aideaid, sallesal, eauowe, timbretimber, revuereview, remarqueremark, reversrevere2.二战后，美国在经济、军事上“高悬霸主鞭”，作为“上层建筑”的语言文化美语呈现出后来居上、咄咄逼人的态势。(前为美语)Baronbarren, genegin, kookcook, docdock, pokeypoky, checkcheque3. 印度曾为英国的殖民地，印度英语是印度化了的英语(前为印度式英语)。 outca