形容词知识清单.doc

形容词易混知识清单一 程度副词fairly, quite, rather等用法比较在上述几个程度副词中，fairly程度最低，quite稍强，而rather程度则又强一些。Notfairlyquiteratherprettyvery Its a fairly good book. (这本书勉强可看)Its a quite good book. (暗指这本书值得一看，虽然算不上最好的)Its a rather good book. (暗含这本书出乎意料地好)1. rather 还用来修饰一些表示令人不愉快的形容词，而表示愉快的场合，常用fairly 来修饰形容词。Its rather cold today.It was fairly warm that day.2. rather 可以和too 连用，也可以修饰比较级，其他程度副词通常无此用法。This book is rather too easy.Its rather colder today than yesterday 3. quite 可修饰没有程度差别的词，相当于completely 或absolutely ，表示完全地，绝对地。His English is quite perfect.Im not quite ready.They are not quite the same.但是肯定句中不能说quite the same,而应说exactly the same.4. quite 与rather 皆可与动词连用，但意思不同。I quite agree with you.I rather think we are going to lose.二 形容词和副词的比较级1 大多数形容词和副词有原级，比较级和最高级。原级变为比较级和最高级有三种方式；1 单音节和少数双音节单词，一般在词尾加“er”或“estYoungyoungeryoungest oldolder-oldest tall-taller-tallest small-smaller -smallest 以字母e结尾的单音节形容词，加-r 或- st，以重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母，再 加-er或-est.bigbigger-biggest fatfatter-fattest2 双音节词和多音节词的比较级和最高级以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”，再加-er 或-estearly-earlier-earliest thirsty-thirstier-thirstiesthappy-happier-happiest pretty-prettier-prettiest部分双音节词或多音节词前面加more ,most构成比较级和最高级。如:interesting more interesting most interestingfamous more famous most famousbeautiful more beautiful most beautifuldifficult more difficult most difficult注；以y 结尾的副词，除early外，其他均使用moremost构成比较级和最高级。有少数几个双音节词以及以-ow,-er及-le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级。simplesimplermore simplesimplestmost simpleclevercleverermore clevercleverestmost clever quietquietermore quieterquietestmost quietestunhappyunhappiermore unhappyunhappiestmost unhappy也有少数形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的。原级比较级两好、三坏、两多、 一少、一老 、一远.最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illbadlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder elderoldest eldestfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthest注；形容词和副词比较等级构成歌诀“比较”与“最高”，“单音”加后缀。-er是 “比较”，-est是“最高”。原级结尾若是e,只加-r或-st.重读闭音节，辅音要成对。其他多音节，加词不加缀。辅音若加y, y变i加后缀。y若是后来加，不在此规内。2. 比较等级的用法两者相比（甲=乙），用“as原级as”表示Bob does his homework as carefully as Mary. Tom is as tall as jack.两者相比（甲乙），用 “比较级than表示” （甲乙）用less than 表示。Robert jumps much higher than any of the others.Li Ming is taller than Tom.4. “the比较级of比较对象”表示“两者之中，较的那个”时，the 不可去掉。This one is the taller of the two.It is the bigger of the two.5. 比较等级的一些特殊用法“more原级than”表示“与其说不如说”She is more shy than cold.The girl is more frightened than hurt. 表示“几倍于时”，用“倍数asas”来表示，亦可用“倍数比较级than”表示。This kind of plane flies twice as fast as that kind.Our classroom is three times larger than yours.注；英语中倍数的表示法有四种；A + be + 倍数 + as + 计量副词形容词原级 + as + B.This tree is three times as tall as that one这棵树是那棵树的三倍高His father is twice as old as he. 他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。A + be + 倍数 + 计量形容词比较级 + than + B The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快二倍（是那辆卡车的两倍）。This hall is five times bigger than our classroom这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍(是我们教室的五倍)。 A + be + 倍数 + the + 计量名词 （size大, length长, width宽, height高, depth深，weight重）+ of + B The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。This street is four times the length of that one这条街是那条街的四倍长This hill is four times the height of that small one. 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。 The + 计量名词 + of + A + be + 倍数 + that + of + B The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大形容词和副词的比较级可以被下列词语修饰语: much, far, even, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, still, a great deal (大量)，no.Its much warmer today.(今天暖和多了)This problem is a lot more difficult than that one.这道题比那道题要难得多比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越” Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们国家变得越来越美。The peasants in my hometown are becoming richer and richer.家乡的农民越来越富裕了。warmer and warmer, nicer and nicerthe+比较级 the+ 比较级表示“越越”The busier the old man, the happier he feels.The more you learn, the more you know.no more than 与 not more than的用法比较。no more than=only,意为“不过，仅仅”表示少的意思；not more than 意为“不超过，”表示客观数量；而more than表示“不只是， 不仅仅”。She spent no more than fifty dollars on the coat.他买那件大衣才花了50美元She spent not more than fifty dollars on the coat.她买那件大衣花的钱不会超过50美元。 no 比较级 than 与 not 比较级than的用法比较。no more than意为“同一样不” not more than则表示“不如”This room is no bigger than that one.(这个房间和那个房间一样都不大)This room is not bigger than that one。这个房间不如那个房间大。no less than与not less than的用法比较 no less than=as many as 意为有之多not less than=not fewer than,意为“不少于”表示“也许不止”This boy has no less than 100 dollars in his pocket.这男孩口袋里竟有100美元（没想到有这么多）This boy has not less than 100 dollars in his pocket.这男孩口袋里至少有100美元（至少这么多）句型A is to B what C is to DAir is to man what water is to fish.四形容词和副词的最高级1. 形容词最高级用于in, of 或among的结构中, 形容词最高级前+the I am the best of (among)the three. He is the thinnest boy in my class.2. 形容词比较级表示最高级 比较级than any other 单数名词比较级than any of the other 复数名词比较级than anyone else.比较级than anybody else.使用最高级时应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内，否则离开这个范围，主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级。Lily is lazier than1.any other girl in her class. 2