非谓语之三分词.docx

分词 1.分词从哪里来？-溯源 2.分词来干吗？-语用功能 3.分词能干吗？-语法功能 4.分词长啥样？-各种形式 5.逻辑主语 分词现在分词&过去分词 (doing)&(done) 过去分词： done 完成时： 被动语态： 现在分词： doing 进行时： 主动语态: 现在分词 一个正在下沉的船 a ship that is sinking a sinking ship 正在飘落的叶子 leaves that are falling falling leaves 正在冉冉升起的太阳 the sun that is rising the rising sun 正在徐徐降下的太阳 the sun that is setting the setting sun 正在睡觉的小孩 a child that is sleeping a sleeping child 正在跳舞的小女孩 a dancing girl 现在分词doing 含义： 主动进行 一定都表示主动进行么？ 现在分词主动一般 Flying fish = fish that is flying? = fish that can fly UFO Unknown Flying Objects =Objects that can fly 现在分词的意义 1.主动进行 2.主动一般 过去分词 已沉入水底的船 The ship that has sunken The sunken ship 落了的叶子-落叶 Leaves that have fallen Fallen leaves 一个受人尊敬的作家 A writer who is respected A respected writer 碎了的杯子 A cup that has been broken a broken cup 现在分词&过去分词 the sinking ship the sunken ship boiling water boiled water falling leaves fallen leaves 现在分词&动名词 waiting girl waiting room swimming boy swimming pool sleeping boy sleeping pill 2.分词的语法功能 1.作定语 2.作补语 3.作表语 4.作状语 分词作定语前置定语？还是后置定语？ 正在睡觉的学生 a student who is sleeping a sleeping student 正在桌子上睡觉的学生 a student who is sleeping on the desk a student sleeping on the desk 分词作定语 1.单个分词修饰名词时前置 2.分词短语修饰名词时后置 阅读练习 John had a very good day and put his wallet containing $3,000 into the microwave over for safekeeping. 新概念3册 阅读练习 For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travelers crossing the dangerous Pass. 新概念3册 长难句阅读 Police hunting the killer of a part-time police officer stabbed outside her home in northwest London are seeking a man wearing a hooded top seen running away from the scene. The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holiday are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society-a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun. (05年北京II，B) In the late 1950s Philip Knight was a middle-distance runner on the University of Oregon track team, coached by Bill Bowerman. (CET-6 2008.12) 分词作补足语 I heard the girl sing last night. I heard the girl singing when I passed by her house last night. I heard a song sung by the girl next door last night. I heard a song being sung by the girl when I passed her house last night. 阅读翻译 Puma fur was found clinging to bushes. 分词作状语 英语中状语从句可否简化？如何可以的话，怎么简化？ 你不要我要。 你不吃我吃。 状语从句-分词做状语 做完家庭作业，我就回家了。 I had finished my homework. I went home. After I had finished my homework, I went home. After having finished my homework, I went home. Having finished my homework, I went home. 当我被要求作弊时，我拒绝了。 I was asked to cheat. I refused. When I was asked to cheat, I refused. Asked to cheat, I refused. 我生病了，就呆在家里了。 I was sick. I stayed at home. Because I was sick, I stayed at home. Being Sick, I stayed at home. 我环视四周，惊奇地发现自己是唯一呆在车上的乘客了。 I looked around. I realized with a shock that When I looked around, I realized Looking around, I realized with a shock that 他们特别激动，就挖了个两英尺的洞。 They were very excited. They dug a hole two feet deep. Very excited, they dug a hole two feet deep. L65 Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. 他打扮成圣诞老人，在由6个漂亮姑娘的陪同下，骑着一个名叫Jumbo 的小象，沿着城里的主要街道就出发了。 He was dressed up as Father Christmas He was accompanied by six pretty girls. He set off down the main street of the city. He rode a baby elephant. The elephant was called Jumbo. L65 Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. 分词独立成分 generally/strictly/broadly speaking, Judging from Talking of Allowing for Seeing that/considering that 独立主格-分词的逻辑主语 天气允许的话，我们明天就去钓鱼。 Weather permits. We will go fishing tomorrow. If weather permits, we will go fishing tomorrow. Weather permitting, we will go fishing. 独立主格-分词的逻辑主语 钱花光后，我们就开始找工作了。 All the money had been spent We started to look for jobs. Because all the money had been spent, we started to look for jobs. All the money having been spent, we started to look for jobs. 分词 1.分词从哪里来？-溯源 2.分词来干吗？-语用功能 3.分词能干吗？-语法功能 4.分词长啥样？-各种形式 5.逻辑主语 独立主格 1. 名词/代词引导 2.with/without 引导 1. 名词、代词引导 1.1名词 / 代词 + 形容词 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。 The ground is muddy, so we should be careful. Because the ground was muddy, we should be careful. The ground (being) muddy, we should be careful. 翻译练习 天很冷，我就穿了件毛衣。 Weather cold, I put on a sweater. 1.2.名词 / 代词 + 副词 下课后，我们都出去玩。 The class was over. We all went out to play. When the class was over, we all went out to play. The class over, we all went out to play. 1.3名词 / 代词 + 介词短语 眼镜在他手里，还问他的眼镜哪去了。 Glasses were in his hand, and he asked where his glasses were. Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 1.4名词 / 代词 + 不定式 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。 Now here is Li Lei. WeiFang is to come tomorrow. Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。 A house is to be built, we must save every cent. A house to be built, we must save every cent. 1.5名词 / 代词 + -ing分词 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。 The bus is coming here soon, so we should get everything ready. The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 1.6.名词 / 代词 + 动词的过去分词 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。 His cup broken, so he used his bowl instead. His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 2. with/without引导 2. 1. with / without + 名词或代词 + 形容词 她口里含着食物跟我们说话。 He spoke to us. His mouth was full of food. He spoke to us with his mouth full of food. 2.2. with / without + 名词或代词 + 副词 他离开了办公室，让灯亮着。 He left his office. The lights were on. He left the office with the lights on. 2.3. with / without + 名词或代词 + 介词短语 那个工程师手里拿着笔记本过来了。 The engineer came. A notebook was in his hand. The engineer came with a notebook in his hand. 2.4. with / without + 名词或代词 + -ing分词 不要在刷牙时让水流着. Dont brush you teeth. The water is running. Dont brush your teeth with water running. 2.5. with / without + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式 这么多工作要做，经理觉得很焦急。 The manager felt very worried. So much work has to be done. With so much work to do/ to be done, the manager felt very worried. 2.6. with / without + 名词或代词 + 动词的过去分词 由于道路被堵，他们不得不转身从另一条路绕过去。 The road was blocked. they had to turn back and ran round it in another way. With the road blocked, they had to turn back and ran round it in another way. 独立主格结构的句法功能 时间状语 伴随状语 原因状语 条件状语 结果状语 分词做状语、独立主格练习 开完会后，我们都回家了。 她干完了活，坐下来喝了杯茶。 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 冬天要来了，天气越来越冷了。 雨停了，他出去散步。 问题解决之后，我们结束了会议。 这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。 我们进行了分工，他擦窗户，我扫地。 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。 课程结束了，我们开始放假。 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。非谓语考题（乱序版） 1. The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture Aproduced Bbeing produced Cto be produced Dhaving been produced (2009安徽卷) 2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow (2009北京卷) 3. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present (2009北京卷) 4. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A. Be bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten (2009北京卷) 5._ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded (2009福建卷) 7. Every evening after dinner, if not _ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired (2009湖南卷) 8. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _ in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future. A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered (2009湖南卷) 9. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _. A. reusing B. reused C. reusesD. to be reused (2009湖南卷) 10. Please do me a favor -_ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight. A. to inviteB. inviting C. inviteD. invite (2009湖南卷) 11. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped (09江苏卷) 12. Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. _ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended (09江苏卷) 13. _the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given (09江西卷) 14. The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced (09江西卷) 15. When we visited my old family home, memory came _ back A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded (09辽宁卷) 16._ you need to give all you have and try your best. A. Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner (09辽宁卷) 17. The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at (09全国I) 19. It is often _ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said (09全国II) 21. We are invited to a party _in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding (09山东卷) 22. I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there . A. to take B.to be taken C.taking D. being taken (09陕西卷) 23. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _ all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill (09上海卷) 24. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected (09上海卷) 25. Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. Holding D. hold (09上海卷) 26. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported (09上海卷) 27. He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion A. to have B. having C. have D. had (2009四川卷) 28. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat (2009四川卷) 29. _ many times, he finally understood it. A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told (2009四川卷) 30. _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete (2009天津卷) 31. _ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A. Be