定语从句专项练习.doc

定语从句一. 基本概念The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我们隔壁的人卖蔬菜. You must do everything that I do. 你必须做我做的一切. 定语从句：（在复合句中）作定语的从句。（提示：把从句看成一个整体）（复习：单词，词组和句子都可以作定语。如：I bought his book.I bought his new book. I borrowed the book which he bought yesterday. )（思考：什么叫主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句，表语从句？）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 （思考：如何理解“先行”？）引导词：引导定语从句的词，又叫关系词，分为关系代词( that，which，who，whom，whose） 和关系副词（when, where, why）注意: 1. 定语从句要放在先行词之后, 而在汉语中，无论定语有多长，都要放在名词之前。例如：He still remembers the house where he was born. 他还记得他出生的房子。2. 从句的结构= 连接词+主语+谓语。例如：I dont know what he said. (凡是从句都要使用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后)小结：能够划出主句和定语从句；先行词和引导词是基本功。试练如下几题：1. I shall never forget the day when I went to college.2. The boy who is playing on the grass is her brother.3. The letter which I received yesterday was from my best friend.4. The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.5. Do you know the park which was built last year?二. 引导词的三大功能 (I) 连接主句和从句。 (2) 代替先行词（以免重复）。 (3) 在定语从句中充当句子成分。如：I lost the book which I bought yesterday. (which在定语从句中作宾语）定语从句引导词的选用及其省略是高考的重点和难点，但是，始终围绕引导词的“三大功能”思考，是掌握定语从句的关键。技巧：定语从句都可以转换成一个陈述句。(which I bought yesterday=I bought the book yesterday.）。试练如下几题：1. The boy who is playing on the grass is my brother.2. I dont know the reason why (=for which) he didnt help me.3. Can you tell me the way in which you learn English?4. This is the school where I studied 10 years ago.5. My brother, who is an engineer, is thirty-two. 我的哥哥三十二岁，他是一个工程师。三先行词和引导词的关系1. 关系代词是先行词的复指A plane is a machine that can fly. (that = the machine) The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (who = the boy )2. 关系代词whose是先行词的所有格The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.(whose = the boys)3. 关系副词是介词先行词The school where (=in which) I study is far from my home. (where = in the school) 试练如下几题：1. Do you know the boy whose mother is a doctor?2. This is the house where(=in which) we lived ten years ago.3. The girl who is standing there is Called Mary.4. I lost the pen which he lent to me.四. 关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to Beijing. 我还记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。That is the house where (= in which) he lived ten years ago. 那是他10年前住过的房子。3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。I know the reason why (=for which) she was so angry.我知道她为什么那么生气。注：why作关系副词只用在reason后面。 “关系副词介词十which”五. 区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句看形式：限制性定语从句和主句不可用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。 This is the book which I bought yesterday.His dog, which was very old, became ill and died. 看从句能否省略：限制性定语从句省去后，主句的意思就会不清楚。非限制性定语省去后主句的意思仍然清楚，因为它只起补充说明的作用。 This is the hospital where he was operated on a few months ago. 这就是他几个月前动手术的医院。 （限制性定语从句） The sun, which is very hot, gives a lot of energy 太阳很热，它给人类很多热量。 （非限制性定语从句）看翻译：限制性定语从句译成定语（“的”），而非限制性定语从句单独译成一个句子。试比较： She has a sister who is a musician.（限制性定语从句） 她有一个当音乐家的姐姐。 （她有几个姐姐，其中一个是音乐家） She has a sister, who is a musician.（非限制性定语从句）她有一个姐姐，是音乐家。 （她只有一个姐姐，她是音乐家）六. 限制性定语从句的英译汉 方法：先译定语从句（译为“的”），再译先行词。 The station is the place where we met together. 车站是我们见面的地方 方法：先译主句，再译从句，最后把它们相加。The station is the place where we met together.车站就是那个地方 + 我们在那里见面。练习：翻译下面的句子提示:无论是英译汉还是汉译英，都先找出先行词和定语从句。The teacher who taught us English was elected the headmaster of the school. Everything that she said seemed quite reasonable.我还记得我小时候借过书的那个图书馆。汤姆考试失败的原因是他的粗心。这就是我学英语的方式。星期一是我最忙的一天。屋顶被毁的房子己经修补了。这就是我们去年参观过的学校。七. 选用关系代词还是关系副词？不能一见先行词是时间，地点，就不加分析地一律使用when或where. 因为时间和地点一般作状语, 有时也能作宾语或主语。作状语用where提问，作宾语当然不能用where. 当先行词是时间、地点和原因时，关键在于判断引导词在定语从句中充当状语还是宾语。换句话说，要求分析从句的谓语动词和先行词之间构成动宾关系还是动状关系。例如： I）I still remember the days which we spent together. 2）I still remember the days when (= in which) we worked together.技巧：看（在汉语中）先行词能否放到从句谓动后面作宾语。This is the factory _ we visited last year.This is the factory _ we worked together last year.I dont know the reason _ he didnt do his homework.I dont know the reason _ he told you.八“介词关系代词”结构中介词的选用引导词与定语从句中某成分的搭配需要介词时，介词的选择要看从句语义（尤其要注意先行词和从句的谓语动词的习惯搭配）。 解题技巧：还原法（定语从句都可以还原为一个陈述句） Thats the reason for which he didnt go to school this morning.（for. reason系固定搭配） （定语从句=he didnt go to school for the reason this morning.） Thats the famous building, at the top of which theres a tower（塔子） （定语从句=theres a tower at the top of the famous building). My glasses, _ which I was like a blind man，fell to the ground and broken.He is a person with great experience, _ whom we can learn much.I found a knife _ which I cut the cake.九. 其它考点.“名词代词+of which /whom”一般引导非限制性定语从句，指部分和全体的关系， She has three sons, two of whom are teachers. =She has three sons and two of them are teachers. 说明：非限制性定语从句都可以改为一个并列句。2. What she said is true.= All that she said is true.她说的是真的。可见 what=“先行词十关系代词”This is the way (in which / that) I learn English. 这就是我学英语的方法。当先行词是the way (方式方法)，引导词用in which或that, 也可省略牢记：what和how不可以作定语从句的引导词。what引导从句多表示“所的人（事物）”。改错：All what she did was right.译：我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。十. 引导词一览表关系代词关系代词主 语宾 语定语指人whothatwhomwhothatwhose指物whichThatwhichthatwhose (=of which)指人和物thatthatwhose when= on (in, during) which 在那时；当时关系副词 where= on（in，in front of）which 在那里；往那里 why= for which 为什么as作关系（代副）词也可以引导定语从句。 (1)“这一点”As is well known，the earth is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。 (2)“象样的人（物）；凡是样的人（物） 用于such/the same/as. as结构。如：This is the same book as I bought yesterday.这是一本和我昨天买的一样的书。如何填定语从句的引导词 引导词代替先行词并在定语从句中充当句子成分，所以引导词是由先行词的种类和引导词在定语从中所作的成分决定的。定语从句I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichII. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4 先行词既指人又指物时5 先行词被the only, the very修饰时6 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情况1 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III. as与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected./They won the game, which we hadnt expected./As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.定语从句专项练习1.The Second World War _ millions of people were killed was over in 1949 A. when B. in which C. which D.2. They paid 20 pounds to the boys for cleaning the rooms, most of _ hadnt been cleaned. A. what B. which C. that D. where3. Do you talk about such things _ you do not understand? A. what B. which C. as D. where4. He studied hard at school when he was young, _ led to his success in his later life. A. what B. which C. That D. so that5. I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the morning. A. what B. which C. that D. where6. My glasses, _ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and was broken. A. which B. with which C. without which D. without that7. Who is the person _ you shook hands with just now? A. which B. who C. whom D. that8. The tree _ leaves are yellow is dying soon A. which B. whose C. that D. as9. All the books_ are on the shelf are in German A. which B. that C. where D. when10. Mr. Smith is one of the foreign professors who _ in China. A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working.11. I11 tell you _ last year A. all she told it to me B. all that she told it to me. C .all she told me D. all which she told me12. It is the forth time _ youve come late for school this month. A. when B. that C. which D. in which13. Please pass me the book the cover _ is very old. A. whose B. which C. of which D. in which14. Is this lab _ they visited five years ago? A. the one B. which C. that D. where15. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which is16. _ the compass（指南针）was first invented in China. A. It well known to all B. It is known that C. we all knowing D. As is known to all17. This is the very dictionary _ I want to buy. A. which B. that C. what D. for which18. He is a person with great experience, _ we can learn much A .who B. whom C. from who D. from whom19. October 1, 1949 is the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. when B. which C. that D. in which20. There are many islands in China, _ Tai wan is the largest one. A. of which B. through which C. on which D. for which21. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that is against C. who is against D. who are against22. A football fan is _ has a strong interest in football A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what23. Didnt you see the man _? A.I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C.I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now.24. Have you seen the girl _？ A. that I told B. I told you of C. whom I told you D. I told you25 The radio set _ has gone wrong. A.I bought it last week B. which I bought it last week C .I bought last week D. what I bought last week26. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C .which you talked with D. you talked about27. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which28. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school A. which B. that C. who D. whom29. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. which D. that30. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs A. that B. those C. which D. what31. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front. A. what B. that C. which D. where32. I11 tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all33. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. C. which D. it34. A Child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who B. whos C. whose D. which35. Is this the museum _ visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one36. Is this museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. on which D. the one37. 一How do you like the book? 一Its quite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what38. Which sentence is wrong? A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth. B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform? C. Science and mew technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food onthe same amount of land D. people in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth39. The train _ she was traveling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that40. He has lost the key to the drawer_ the papers are kept. A. where B. on which C. under which D. which41. Antarctic, _, we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which42. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C .that youve arrived D. when youve arrived43. Each time _ they met they would talked long hours together A. which B. during C. when D.44. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon A. that B. which C. when D. in which45. He was born in the year _ the Anti-Japanese War broke out. A. which B. when C. on which D. during which46. Mr. Croseett will never forget the days _ he spent with his various students. A. when B. which C. during which D . on which47. A steel plant is a place _ steel is made. A. which B. when C. whose D. where48.