简单句并列句复合句.doc

句子成分什么是句子？句子的定义：句子是包含主语和谓语部分的一组词。句子的成分：句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分可分为：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补语、独立成分等。句子按其结构可分为：简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句。句子结构一、 简单句(Simple sentence)的构成：1.主语+系动词+表语 （Subject+Linking verb+Predicative ）1) He was a student.2) The dinner smells good. 3) The troubleis that they are short of money.2. 主语+谓语 （Subject+Verb）1) The moon rose. 2) We all breathe, eat, and drink. 注意：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。此种类型句子中谓语动词一般为不及物动词。3.主语+谓语+宾语 (S+V+Object)1) He enjoys reading. 2) He has refused to help them. 注意：此句型句子谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。4. 主语+谓语+双宾语 (S+V+O+O)1) He brought you a dictionary. =He brought a dictionary foryou. 2) He showed me how to run the machine. 注意：有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please. 或 动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.5.主语谓语宾语宾语补语 （+Complement ）1) The war made him a soldier.2) New methods make the job easy.3) I often find him at work.4) The teacher asked the students to close the windows.5) I saw a cat running across the road.注意：1）此句型的句子，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。2）宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。二、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成.并列句中的简单句常被叫做分句.常见的并列连词有and, but, then, and then, so, while, eitheror, neither nor, not onlybut also, etc.1) Either he stayed at home or his parents went out.2) Its an old car, but its very reliable.3) He failed in the exam and his parents were very angry.三、复合句复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成.主句是全句的主体,往往可以独立存在;而从句仅是全句的一个成分,故不能独立存在.从句虽然不能单独成句,但它有主谓结构,从句须有一个关联词引导.引导从句的关联词有七类.从句分主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句六类。前四类从句在句中的功用相当于名词，又称为名词性从句。1) Where we will hold the meeting is unknown.2) He told me that his mother died two years ago.3) The problem is who we can get to replace her.4) The news that our team won the match is true.5) The man who is standing there is teacher.6) When he comes back, tell him the news.四、并列复合句一个句子既是复