CET-3所有词组解释及词汇.doc

a few 少许, 少数a good deal 许多a good deal of 很多的adj.a good many 很多adj.a great deal大量n.a great deal of大量的a great many很多adj.a little少量, 少许a lot非常多a lot of许多的adj. a matter of大约, 大概a number of许多的adj.a series of一连串的a variety of多种的above all最重要, 首先adv.according to依照v.account for说明,解释v.add up to合计达v.after all毕竟adv.ahead of 在.前面adv.all at once突然adv.all but几乎, 差一点all over全部结束, 到处,all right好, 良好, 顺利, 确实all the time始终along with连同.一起, 随同.一起and so forth等等and so on等等and then于是, 然后and yet可是anything but决不arrive at到达, 达到asas与.一样, 当.之时,as a matter of fact事实上as a result of作为结果as a rule通常as far as远到, 直到, 至于as far asbe concernedas follows如下adv.as for至于; 就.方面说来as good as和.一样, 实际上相当于as if好象adv.as long as只要, 在.的时候as regards关于, 至于adv.as soon as一.就adv.as though好象, 仿佛adv.as to关于, 至于;谈到as usual照常adv.as well倒不如, 还是.的好as well as也, 又as yet至今adv.aside from除.以外 adv.at a loss困惑, 亏本地adv.at a time每次, 在某时adv.at all costs ( =at any cost)不惜任何代价, 无论如何adv.at all events无论如何at any rate无论如何, 至少at best最多at first起先at first sight乍一看at hand在手边, 在附近, 即将到来at intervals不时, 相隔一定距离at large未被捕, 详尽, 普遍at last终于at least至少at length最后, 详细地at most至多at no time决不at once立刻at one time同时, 曾经at present现在, 目前at the cost of以.为代价at the mercy of受.支配at the moment此刻at the same time同时, 但是at times有时, 不时back and forth来来往往地, 来回地be able+to V. 能, 会be about+to V. 将要, 正打算be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心于be attached to附属于, 喜爱be concerned with参与,干预be known as被认为是be known for因.而众所周知be known to为.所知be made up of由.组成bear in mind记住v.because of因为before long不久以后bothand 两者都break down毁掉, 倒塌, 中止, 压倒break off断裂;断绝（关系）break out猛地爆发：break up打碎, 破碎, 分裂, 分开：bring about使发生, 致使bring forth提出, 出示, 展示vbring forward提出, 提前, 显示brign into effect实行, 实施, 使生效, 实现bring into operation实施, 施行bring into praticebring up教育, 培养, 提出,build up树立, 增进, 增大, 堵塞burn up烧起来, 烧掉, 发怒but for要不是conj.by accident偶然by all means尽一切办法, 一定by comparison比较起来by far到目前为止by itself单独地 孤零地 独立地 自动地by means of依靠by mistake错误地by on means零零落落地by oneself单独, 独力adv.by reason of由于, 因为adv.by the way在途中, 顺便adv.by virtue of依靠, 由于adv.by way of经由, 作为, 为了adv.call for需要；要求；值得call forth唤起，振奋：call off取消cant/couldnt help不由自主,情不自禁carry into practice 实行, 实现n.carry into effect实行, 实现v.carry into practice实行, 实现n.carry off夺去.的生命, 获得, 成功对付v.carry on继续开展, 坚持, 举止失常v.carry out完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行v.cast light oncatch up with赶上, 逮捕, 处罚v.check in登记, 报到v.check out付帐后离开, ,检验, 合格, 及格v.clear away清除, 消失v.clear up整理, 消除, 放晴e into effect开始生效, 开始实施e into force开始生效, 开始实施e into operation开始工作运转 ,生效come off离开, 举行, 实现, 成为e on快点,赶快come out出来,展出, 被解出, 露出, 罢工; 出现,真相大白come to达到, 继承, 复苏, 停止;想起,共计e up走近, 上来, 发芽, 流行, 发生, 被提出; 上升,讨论,出现come up to达到, 符合;达到(标准),比得上,等于come up with赶上, 提出.提出,拿出consist in存在于v.count on依靠, 指望v.cut down砍倒, 胜过, 削减, 删节cut off切断, 断绝, 剥夺继承权cut short打断, 缩减(有时作cut shorter)deal with安排, 处理, 涉及depend on依靠, 依赖do away with废除, 弄死do ones best (+toV.) 尽全力do without免除, 不用drop in顺便走访, 不预先通知的拜访drop off离开, 散去, 逐渐减少, 死去drop out不参与, 离去, 放弃due to由于, 应归于each other彼此, 互相eitheror不是.就是., .或.even if即使even then尽管那样, 即使在那时conj.even though即使adv.ever since从那时到现在advever so非常every other每隔, 所有其他adv.except for除.以外advfall in with偶遇, 同意v.far from远离, 远非, 远远不, 完全不, 非但不adv.feel like意欲, 摸上去如同figure out合计为, 计算出, 解决, 断定, 领会到first of all首先for a moment一会儿, 片刻for a while暂时adv.for ever永远, 总是advfor example例如adv.for good永久地,一劳永逸地Im moving to Europe for good.我将永久移居欧洲for instance例如for long长久for the purpose of为了, 因.起见for the betterfor the best出于好意advfor the moment暂时, 目前adv.for the present暂时adv.for the sake of为了from tmie to timegain access togain an advantage over胜过, 优于get along生活, 融洽相处, 进展, 有起色v.get along with进展, 走开, 别胡扯v.get at到达, 够到, 了解,get by通过, 混过just got by in high school.中学勉强毕业get by heartget down (从.)下来, 吞下, 写下, 使沮丧get in进入, 到达, 收获, 插入, 陷入get into进入, 陷入, 穿上get off下来, 脱下, 出发, 被容忍, 动身, 开始get on生活, 融洽相处, 进展, (使)前进, 赶快, 发迹, 进展get on with继续做get over爬过, 克服, 熬过, 恢复, 原谅get rid of摆脱, 除去get the best of胜过. 对.占优势get the better of打败, 智胜v.get through到达, 做完, 通过, 度过, 打通get up起床give away送掉, 分发, 放弃, 泄露, 出卖, 让步, 陷下give in投降, 屈服, 让步, 交上, 宣布She gave in her report.她递交了报告give off发出(蒸汽、光等)，长出（枝、杈等）give out分发, 发出(气味、热等), 发表, 用尽, 精疲力竭give rise to引起, 使发生give up放弃(念头、希望等), 停止, 抛弃, 认输give way撤退, 让路, 退让, 垮掉, 倒塌, 屈服, 跌价go after追逐, 追求go back on背弃v.go back on a promise.不守诺言go by (从.旁)走过, 依照, 顺便走访go down下去, 下沉, 坠落, 下降, 平静下来, 被咽下, 被接受, 传下去go in for参加, 追求, 从事, 赞成go into进入, 加入, 探究, 变得go into effect生效go into forcego into operation生效, 开始工作go off离开, 去世, 消失, 睡去, 爆炸, 被发射, 进行, 变质go in进去, 放得进, 参加go out出去, 熄灭, 过时, 罢工, 向往, 辞职, 倒塌go over(渡过.)转变, (对.进行)仔细检查, 润色, 复习go through经历, 经受, 仔细检查, 用完, 被通过, 参加, 搜查, 履行go up上升, 增长, 被兴建起来go with伴随, 与.相配, 和(异性)交朋友go without没有.也行go wrong走错路, 误入岐途, (机器等)发生故障had better最好had rather宁愿had ratherthan宁愿 . 面不愿.hand down传下来, 宣布v.hand in交上hand in hand手拉手, 联合hand on传递下去hand out把.拿出来, 分发, 施舍hand over移交hang on坚持, 不挂断, 靠着, 渴望, 有赖于hardlybefore一.就.hardlywhen一.就. (= scarcely when)Hardly had I opened the door when he told me.hardly any几乎没有have access to有权进入；有权使用have an advantage over胜过, 优于have got拥有have got +to V. 必须做.have in mind思念, 存心have nothing to do with与.无关have something to do with与.有点关系v.head for出发, 动身, 前往hold back踌躇, 阻止, 抑制, 隐瞒hold on继续, 不挂断, 停止hold on to坚持hold out伸出, 提供, 维持, 阻止, 制止,hold up举起, 支撑, 继续下去, 阻挡, 拦截if only只要improve on改进in a hurry匆忙, adv 轻易地in a moment立刻advin a word总之adv.in addition另外advin addition to除.之外adv.in all总共adv.in any case无论如何advin any event无论如何in brief简单扼要地in case万一conj.in case of假设, 万一advin charge of负全责, 经管, 照顾in common共有adv.in conclusion最后, 总之adv.in consequence结果adv.in consequence of由于的.缘故adv.in contrast to和.形成对比对照in contrast with和.形成对比对照in detail详细地adv.in effect有效adv.in fact事实上adv.in favour of为.而征战, 参加支持.的活动in favor of赞同, 有利于adv.in force大规模地adv. 有效的adj.in front of在.前面adv.in future今后, 往后in general通常,大体上, 一般而言in hand在手头, 在进行中, 掌握住adv.in honour of为纪念, 为庆祝adv.in itself在本质上,完全地in line with符合advin nature实际上, 本质上adv.in no case决不in no time立刻adv.in no way决不adv.in order整齐, 状况良好, 适宜adv.in order + to V. 为了.in order that =So that.为了in other words换句话说adv.in particular特别adv.in place of代替adv.in practice在实践中, 实际上, 熟练in proportion (to) 与.成比例in public当众, 公开地, 公然地in question正被讨论, 可怀疑in regard to关于in relation to关于, 涉及, 与相比in short简而言之in spite of不管in sum总言之, 大体上in terms of根据, 按照, 用.的话, 在.方面in the course of在.期间in the distance在远处,在很远的那边in the event of如果.发生in the face of面对in the first place首先in (the) future未来, 将来, 往后in the light of按照, 根据, 当作in the past在过去in the way of关于.方面in time及时in touch with同.有联系in turn依次, 轮流in vain徒然a vain attempt.没有结果的尝试instead of代替, 而不是.keep from阻止, 隐瞒, 抑制keep in mind紧记keep ones head保持冷静v.keep pace with并驾齐驱v.keep on继续, 穿着.不脱keep to遵循keep up不低落, 维持, 继续We asked her to stop talking, but she kept up.我们请她别再说话了，但她依旧说下去keep up with跟上lay aside搁置, 积蓄lay down放下, 放弃lay out摆开, 展示, 布置, 安排, 投资lead to导致, 通向learn by heart记住leave behind留下, 遗留, 超过leave out省去, 遗漏, 不考虑lend itself to有助于let alone不管, 不打扰lend itself to有助于v.let alone不管, 不打扰v.let out放掉, 泄露, 放大, 出租lie in睡懒觉, 待产v.little by little渐渐adv.live through度过, 经受过live up to实践, 做到v.look after目送, 寻求, 照顾, 关心look back回顾, 追忆look down on轻视, 看不起look for寻找, 期待look forward to期望,期待,盼望look in看望,顺道访问look into窥视, 浏览, 观察look out面朝, 留神, 照料look over调查,从上面看过去;察看, 检查, 原谅look through看穿, 审核, 浏览,看穿,彻底审查look up向上看, 尊敬, 仰望, 查寻, 拜访, 好转lose ones headlose ones mind不能自制lose ones market失去买卖的机会lots of许多major in主修make for走向, 有利于, 倾向于, 导致make out辨明：理解：填写；列出：make progress前进, 进步make sense有意义make sure of确定make sure that确定make the best of充分利用;尽力而为make up化妆,包装,缝制, 整理make up for补偿make up ones mind (+ toV.) 下决心, 决定make use of使用，利用many a许多more and more越来越多more or less或多或少neithernor既不.也不.no doubt无疑地no less than正如no longer不再no matter + wh-word不论.no more不再no more than只是no soonerthan一.就not at all一点也不not onlybutnot onlybut also不但.而且nothing but只now and then偶尔now that既然occur to想起, 想到of course当然off duty下班on a large scale大规模地on account of由于on an average作为平均数on board到船上, 在船上on business因公on condition that如果on duty值班, 上班on hand在手头, 在手边；现有on occasion有时on ones own独自地, 独立地, 主动地on purpose故意on sale待售的, 拍卖的on the average平均, 按平均数计算；一般地说on the basis of以.为基础on the contrary正相反on the ground(s) of 以.为理由on (the) one hand, on the other hand一方面，别一方面on the point of正要.的时候on the whole大体上, 基本上on time 准时once (and) for all断然地, 坚决地once in a while偶尔one another彼此, 相互n.or else否则or so大约other than不同于, 除了out of在.外, 离开, 脱离,丧失, 由于out of date过时的, 废弃的out of order次序颠倒, 不整齐, 状态不好out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能adv.over and over反复, 再三over and over again一再地per cent百分数, 有固定利率之公债pick out挑选pick up捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神, 加快,play a part 扮演一个角色, 参与, 装腔骗人play a part in与.有关,对.有影响previous to在以前；先于prior to在前, 居先pull down摧毁, 推翻, 使降低,pull in进站, 靠岸pull off脱, 努力实现, 赢得pull on穿, 戴, 继续拉pull up拔起, 停下, 阻止put away放好, 储存.备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃put down放下, 拒绝, 取缔；抑制：put forward放出, 拿出, 提出, 推举出put in放进, 插入, 进入,put in for申请put in orderput into operation使生效put off推迟, 拖延, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻put on穿上,put out放出, 伸出, 生产, 消除, put up举起, 抬起, 进行, 提供, 表现出, 建造, 提名, 推举put up with忍受, 容忍rather than胜于refer to查阅, 提到, 谈到, 打听refer toasrefer to sb. as称某人为regardless of不管, 不顾rely on依赖, 依靠right away立刻run down跑下, 用完, 停止, 撞倒,run into跑进, 撞上, 偶遇, 陷入, 达到run out of用完run over跑过去, 溢出, 复述,see off送行see to注意，留意；关照send for召唤, 派人去拿serve asset aside留出, 不顾, 取消, 驳回set down放下,制定set fort阐明, 宣布, 提出, 陈列,出发,set off出发, 动身,set out出发, 开始, 装饰, 陈列, 测定, 宣布, 移植, 陈述set out + to V.set up设立, 竖立,side by side并排, 并肩so as + to V. 这(那)样.以致so far迄今为止so far asbe concerned事实上so long as只要so that所以sooner or later迟早stand by支持, 遵守,stand for代表, 代替,象征, 支持, 做.的候选人stand out站出来, 突出, 坚持抵抗stand up站起来, 竖立,stand up to勇敢地抵抗step by step逐步地suchas such as例如.,象这种的sum up计算.的总数, 概括, 总结switch off切断switch on接通takeastakefor认为, 以为take advantage of利用take away取走take care当心take care of照顾take charge of负责, 看管take down拿下, 记下, 拆卸, 病倒take effect见效, 生效take for granted想当然take in接受, 接待, 吸收, 理解, 包括, 轻信, 注意到, 欺骗take into account重视, 考虑take off拿掉, 取消, 脱衣, 起飞, 离开,take on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, take over把.从一地带到另一地, 接收, 接管take part in参与, 参加take place发生take up拿起, 开始从事,the moment (that) 立刻, 马上the same as与.同样的thanks to由于think of考虑, 关心, 想起,think ofas把.看作throw light onto the point中肯, 扼要touch on略微谈到try on试穿, 试验try ones best (+ toV.) 尽力try out试验, 考验, 提炼turn down (被)向下折转, 拒绝turn off关掉, 避开,turn on开启, 变得兴奋, 突然装出, 开始turn out打扫, 驱逐, 翻出, 制造, 关掉turn to转向, 变成, 求助于, 致力于, 开始行动turn up找到, 发现, 出现, 折起, 突然发生up to一直到,等于up to date最近的, 最新的wipe out消灭, 垮台,with regard to关于with relation towith respect to关于, 至于with the exception of除.以外with the purpose of以.为目的word for word逐字地work at从事, 致力于, 钻研work out可以解决, 作出, 消耗完would rather宁愿, 宁可would ratherthan宁愿.而不愿2006年全国职称英语综合（a/b）级考试重点复习词汇和句型一、 词汇篇 (含词组和一些固定用法)account for : explain/ interpret 解释 slight: a bit / a little/ minute/ 稍微 to be accused of: to be charged with 被控告numerous: many/ a lot of/ plenty of/ a great number of 大量participate: take part in / attend / join 参加previous: before/ prior to 以前的call off: cancel/ cease / end/ abolish取消now and then: occasionally/ sometimes/ from time to time 有时put up with: tolerate/ endure 忍受 lately: recently/ currently 最近，注意与“latest（最新）”的区别。 rarely: seldom/ hardly/ scarcely 几乎不deadly: fatal/ lethal 致命的particularly: especially 特别地 normal: average/ common / usual 普通的diverse: varied/ various 各种各样的complicated: complex/ sophisticated 复杂的eligible: entitle/ qualify 合格的eternal: everlasting/ forever/ for good/ endless 永远hazard: danger/ harm 危害uneasy: anxious/ worried/ upset 焦虑的adverse: unfavorable/ harmful 有害的available: obtainable/ easy to be reached/ within ones reach （容易）获得的 famous: well-known/ noted/ renowned/ popular/ distinguished 有名声的concentrate on: focus on/ pay attention to 集中注意力 figure out: work out/ find out/ solve 解决kind of: somewhat/ a little bit of 有点 finally: at last/ eventually 最终地cooperate: coordinate/ team up with 合作virtually: in fact / as a matter of fact 事实上in favor of : in support of / under the auspices of 支持的address: deal with/ handle/ tackle 解决besides: in addition to/ furthermore/ whats more/ moreover 此外to an extent: 在某种程度上 influence: to have an effect/ impact on 对什么产生影响 significant: obvious/outstanding/remarkable 显著的 raise: rise/ grow/ arise 上升run business: operate/ manage 经营possible: probable/ likely/ maybe / feasible 可能的respective: individual 各自的 considerable: a lot of/ many/ much/ plenty of / a great number of 大量的thanks to: in view of/because of / due to 由于一些常见的与“in” 搭配的词组in reality： 事实上in realization 实现in any case: 无论如何in charge of: 负责in conclusion: 得出结论in contrast with: 与形成对比in detail: 详情 in line with: 与 保持一致 in other words: 换句话说in touch with: 与保持联系to be engaged in: 忙于一些常见的与“to” 搭配的词组appeal to 对有吸引力 look forward to 期待up to date: 最新的with respect to: 关于某方面refer to: 指的是thanks to: 由于superior to (优于)/ 与inferior to （差于）比较一些常见的与“as” 搭配的词组regard as 把当作serve as: 作为such as: 比如the same as 与相同的as if 似乎as long as 只要as far as be concerned 就而言 a well: 也二、常考的句型to play a role in: 起到作用not onlybut also/ butas well 不仅而且一些动词后跟动名词的有：avoid（避免）/ enjoy（喜欢）/ finish（完成）/suggest（建议）/mind（介意） 等。as as： 与一样more than： 跟相比较 only/ hardly/seldom 等放句首，句子要倒装。 used to do sth（过去常常）/ be used to doing sth（已习惯于）区别fail to do sth: not to succeed in doing sth. 没能做成某事三、 基本语法知识* 注意了解英语的主谓宾结构。*注意被动语态的用法及形式： to be done by *注意情态动词：must（肯定是）/ can（可能是）/may（也许是） 的各自用法及区别。*虚拟语气 demand（要求）/ suggest（建议）/ order（命令）/ insist（坚持）/ propose（建议）等后的宾语从句里的谓语动词只能用should + do， 这里的“should”可省略。l 某些动词（含动词词组）后只跟动名词的有：finish（完成）/avoid（避免）/enjoy（喜欢）/mind（介意）/insist on（坚持）/ object to（反对）/ give up（放弃）/ put off（拖延）l 某些动词后只跟动词不定式的有：lwant（想要）/ wish（希望）/ hope（希望）/ agree（同意）/ promise（答应）/ expect（期望）/ manage（设法）/pretend （假装）*常考的连词although/ though/ and/ as as/ as if / as long as/ as soon as/ as well as/ because/ besides/ both and/ but/ either or/ provided that/ however/ in case/ neither nor/ no matter / no sooner than/ not only but also或but as well/ now that/ only/ so that/ whilel 定语从句常考的引导词 when/ who/ that/ which/ where l 状语从句常考的引导词when/ as soon as/ while/ since/ where/ because/ now that/ so that/ so that / than/ the more the more/ as though/ although/ though/ even if/ no matter/ if/ provided that/ unless/ as long as 19浙江省大学英语三级核心词汇：需要掌握其拼写（中译英）、词性、意义、搭配（听力、阅读、翻译）、读音（听力）force,力量，武力，影响力；强迫，强夺enforce,加强，迫使，强制实施reinforce, 加固物；增援,加强；加强,增援report, 报告,报导,成绩单；报告,报导,记录scope, 范围spirit,精神decline, 衰微,跌落；降低,婉谢climate,气候lend to 借，贷款，增添,accuse,责备，控告afford,提供，供应得起，给于anxiety, 焦虑,挂念,担心,渴望,热望atmosphere,大气，气氛blame,过失，责备calculate,计算，考虑，计划circle, 圆周,社交圈,循环；包围,盘旋,环绕confidence,信任，信心conscious, 神志清醒的,意识到的,自觉的,有意的convince, 说服,使.相信custom,习俗，风俗，海关desperate,不顾一切的，绝望的encourage,鼓励，激励，支持discourage,使气馁，阻碍economy,经济，节约motive,动机，目的；发动的，机动的promote, 促进,提升,升迁,促销emotional,感情的，情绪的motion, 打手势,示意,移动,动作,提议fail to，失败，不及格，辜负，极少flat, 平坦的,单调的,扁平的；平直地,干脆地install, 安装,安置,使.就职intimate, 亲密的,私人的,秘密的；暗示,通知,告诉limit,限制，限定；限度major, 主修,成年人,陆军少校；主要的,较多的,大部份的no matter,无论neutral,中立的，中性的outlet, 出口,出路,通风口,批发商店perform,执行，表演，做inform,告诉，通知，检举，高发，formal,正式的normal,正常的，正规的；正常状态radiate,放射，散发，辐射authority,权力，权威，当局companion,同伴，同事concept,观念，概念create,创造，造成creature,生物，动物，人dentist,牙科医生identify,识别，认明，鉴定identical,相同的，同一的identity,身份engage, 答应,预定,使忙碌,雇佣,订婚entitle, 取名为,给与名称,叫做,使有权利evaluate,评价，估价fluid,流体，液体；流动的，流体的influence,影响力，感化力，权势，影响fortune,运气，命运fulfill,完成，履行general, 一般的,普遍的intense, 非常的,强烈的,紧张的,热情的interpret,解释，演出，翻译justice,司法，正义，公正；法官adjust,调整，使适于judge, 法官；裁决,判断,审判；断定,判断minor, 未成年人,副修科目；次要的,较小的,二流的,未成年的；辅修observe,观察，遵守，注意到deserve,应该得到，应受，值得preserve, 保护,保持,维持,防腐,做蜜饯parallel.平行的；平行线percept, 知觉的对象,知觉对象stuff, 材料,原料,东西; 填满,塞满surrounding,环绕，周围的事物transport,运输，流放transmit,传输，传达，传送transform,转换，使变形undergo,遭受，经历，忍受wander,游荡wonder,奇迹，惊奇，怀疑；奇妙的widespread,分布广的，普遍的ambition,雄心，野心，追求approach,途径，方法，靠近，接近brief, 摘要,简报,公事包；简短的,简洁的对.作简报,摘要conquer,克服，征服，战胜result,结果，成绩，答案；产生，起于，致使consult,商讨，向请教，查询insult,侮辱deliberate,仔细考虑，研讨；深思熟虑的，故意的despair,绝望，失望compare,比较，比喻，对照emergence.出现establish,建立，确立，创办exhaust,排气，排气装置；用尽，耗尽，使筋疲力尽expand,使膨胀，扩张扩充fade,褪色，消失，凋谢frustrate,挫败，击败，破坏；无益的，挫败的，挫折的handy，方便的，手边的incredible,难以置信的inherit,继承conference,会议infer,推断，推论offer,出价，提议，提供，企图interfere,妨碍，冲突，干涉length,长度manufacture,产品，制造，制造业，加工mood,心情，情绪，语气necessity,需要，必需品。必然noble,贵族；高尚的，宏伟的，贵族的，高贵的occasion,场合，机会，理由；致使，惹气，引起occasional,偶然的，不时的output,产量，输出oversea,在海外，海外的pattern,图样，式样，典范；仿造，模仿plunge,钻进，跳进，跳水；投入，投进，使陷入practice,练习，实行，习惯实习，开业practical,实际的，实用的recognize,认出，认可，承认release,释放，让渡，发行，准予发表，发射